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1.
远距离声学相关海流剖面仪(ACCP)已研制成功,并进行了试验。试验结果表明,已成功地测得近1200m水深处的海流剖面,而记录到的海底回波信号深度达5000m,ACCP海流剖面仪与ADCP多普勒海流仪的测量结果一致,同时也符合信噪比和方差的理论预期值。  相似文献   

2.
一种基于FFT波束形成的BDI算法分析研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
多波束条带测深你是进行海底地形测绘的主要设备,该设备的信号处理部分所要完成的主要任务就是精确测量深点目标回波的DOA(Direction of Arrival)和TOA(Time of Arrival)。研究了基于FFT波束形成技术的BDI(Bearing Diviation Indicator)算法,算法可完成对海底回波信号的时间和方向的联合估计。通过计算机仿真工作和海试数据的处理,得出结论:FFT波束形成技术可以有效地提高波束形成的数目:BDI可以精确地海底回波信号进行回波时延估计和方向估计,尤其是BDI算法可以提高镜向海底区域的边缘波束的测量精度。  相似文献   

3.
自由投放式声学多普勒海流剖面(FADCP)观测以“自由落体”方式进行采样,其不依赖于测船钢缆牵引即可对全深度海流进行观测,观测稳定性较下放式声学多普勒海流剖面(LADCP)大幅提升,有效减少了观测值之中的不规则运动。2021年4月与9月在南海西沙海域开展的FADCP观测实验获得了两个断面包含16个站的海流及CTD资料。基于静置期间的真实底流观测,各站全深度的海流剖面采用剪切法获得,潜标附近站位剖面与潜标观测剖面相比,平均流速偏差为3 cm/s。观测断面捕捉到了西沙海域两个时期的气旋涡,其垂直结构比HYCOM模拟更精细,表层流与绝对地转流契合。研究表明,FADCP对测船要求低、数据质量高,其后处理简便且结果良好,但无法对特定水层实施补充观测。  相似文献   

4.
为了解决海流能发电系统中,有效海流流速难以测量的问题,提出将水平轴海流能发电系统当成一个大型流速仪,用于海流流速的软测量研究。分析了水平轴海流能发电系统的工作原理和运行过程,建立了基于BP人工神经网络的软测量数学模型。将叶轮机转速,发电机输出功率和占空比信号作为输入变量,将海流流速作为输出变量。仿真结果表明,所建立的BP神经网络是海流流速软测量的有效方法,能较好地跟踪有效海流流速的变化趋势,并具有较高的估计精度。  相似文献   

5.
薛敬宏  金铭  乔晓林 《海洋技术学报》2006,25(1):115-118,123
声相关海流剖面仪(ACCP)适合深海测速,能够测得相对海底的绝对速度。文章在前人工作基础上,以声纳方程为基础,构造海底混响回波仿真模型,并对基于K irchhoff近似和利用微扰法的R ay le igh-R ice近似相结合的散射模型赋予新的物理意义,并将其应用到声相关测速仿真研究过程中,使仿真更加接近于海洋的实际环境。文章利用H ilbert变换进行包络检波来减小测速误差,并且根据接收信噪比得到了不同航速时能够达到最大底跟踪的距离,这与参考文献给出的结果是一致的。  相似文献   

6.
LADCP观测和资料后处理的关键技术   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4  
针对LADCP这一崭新而又特殊的海流观测技术,系统地介绍了LADCP/CTD捆绑式测量、罗盘标定、测量设置和附加信息获取等LADCP观测中的主要技术问题。在对LADCP瓦迭式资料特点进行研究的基础上,阐释了LADCP资料后处理的关键技术:首先进行LADCP资料初处理和声速剖面校正,利用同ping剖面内相邻两水层的LADCP测量值之差等于两水层的真实速度之差这一特性,把LADCP的所有测量值转化为垂向切变流速,求出水柱内各水层的垂向切变率,对其按照一定的积分顺序进行深度积分,得到水柱内各水层相对于参考层的相对速度,利用底跟踪信息可以较直接地求出参考层的速度,也可以根据测量过程中LADCP和测船相对位置在入水时和出水时保持不变这一基本成立的假定通过GPS信息求出参考层的速度,从而得到整个水柱内各水层的绝对流速。为了提高处理结果的准确度,在资料后处理的每一处理步骤中都要特别注意相应的数据质量控制。  相似文献   

7.
为解决海流计在实际应用中存在的部分专业术语不规范、译名不统一和归类有差异等问题,促进海洋观测仪器的发展和应用,文章参照相关标准规范、权威专著和专业文献等资料,根据海流计的工作原理和使用性质,结合业界实践经验,系统梳理各类型海流计的命名、分类、适用范围、特点和发展方向等内容。研究结果表明:海流计可定义为“一种用于测量海水流速和流向的仪器”,根据工作原理主要分为机械式海流计、电磁海流计、声学海流计和其他海流计4个大类,不同类型的海流计各具特性;其中,机械式海流计主要包括厄克曼海流计、印刷海流计、照相型海流计、磁录式海流计、遥测海流计和直读式海流计,电磁海流计主要包括地磁场电磁海流计和人造磁场电磁海流计,声学海流计主要包括声学多普勒流速剖面仪、声学多普勒海流单点测量仪、声学多普勒流速仪和时差式声学海流计,其他海流计主要包括激光多普勒测速仪、电阻式海流计、应变片海流计、倾斜式海流计、粒子图像测速仪和海洋湍流剖面仪。  相似文献   

8.
浪向代表着海浪传播方向,它是海上交通安全以及海岸资源管理的重要海洋环境参数之一。本文针对X波段测波雷达对海杂波的连续成像,提出了一种基于光流法的海浪传播方向反演新方法。该方法利用X波段测波雷达接收的海面回波图像序列直接进行光流运动估计,将得到的每个像素点的运动矢量进行加权平均,最后得到实际的海浪传播方向。与传统基于频域的X波段测波雷达浪向反演方法相比,本文提出的方法直接从时域来进行回波信号处理,无需提前得到调制传递函数以及精确的海流,减少了由于海流估算的不准确以及调制传递函数选取的误差而给雷达浪向反演带来的影响。同时,该方法简单高效,占用资源少,将其应用至仿真雷达回波以及现场实测数据来进行浪向反演,反演得到的浪向与仿真设定浪向值以及浮标实时观测浪向结果都有很好的吻合度,变化趋势也完全一致,进而验证了该方法的有效性以及准确性。  相似文献   

9.
介绍了声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)测流和测深的基本原理,着重论述了汇整ADCP测量的层深、水深数据的误差来源、判读和校正方法,并给出了实用的计算公式。本文研究的方法对于船载、向下观测的走航、定点ADCP测量深度数据的处理,精确定位海流测量结果、保证海流测量结果反映真实海洋环境状况,具有实际的应用价值,同时能够为锚系ADCP测量层深与水深数据的处理提供可参考的技术依据。  相似文献   

10.
为了揭示长江口外海域海流的特征及其季节和垂向变化规律,于2006年8月1日-2007年7月31日在长江口外海域(平均水深约46.0m)利用大型浮标进行了1年的分层海流流速流向观测。结果表明:(1)该海域海流为顺时针方向的旋转流,在垂向上流向较一致,季节变化不显著。(2)长江口外海域水平流速总体较大,夏季表层最大流速为128.5cm/s,冬季最大表层流速为105.5cm/s;垂线平均流速相近(差异<8.0 cm/s),夏季流速最大为47.0cm/s,冬季为40.8cm/s。小潮的平均流速为26.5cm/s,大潮平均流速为小潮的2倍。(3)剖面各层流速垂向差异明显,最大流速出现在表层(春季和冬季)或次表层(夏季和秋季),最小流速均出现在底层;各层的最大平均流速为57.9cm/s,出现在夏季的18m层。(4)垂线平均余流为7.5~11.3 cm/s,春季最强冬季最弱;春季和冬季各层余流均为东向,夏季和秋季基本为东北向或北向。(5)观测海域海流受长江冲淡水、台湾暖流、季风、潮汐等动力作用的共同制约。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

We calibrate a technique to use repeated multibeam sidescan surveys in the deep ocean to recover seafloor displacements greater than a few meters. Displacement measurements from seafloor patches (3?km by 20?km) on the port and starboard side of the ship are used to estimate vertical and across-track displacement. We present displacement measurements from a survey of the Ayu Trough southwest of the Marianas Trench using a 12?kHz multibeam. Vertical and across-track displacement errors for the 12?kHz multibeam sonar are typically 0–2?m with RMS uncertainties of 0.25–0.67 m in the across-track and 0.37–0.75 m in the vertical as determined by 3-way closure tests. The uncertainty of the range-averaged sound velocity is a major error source. We estimate that variations in the sound velocity profile, as quantified using expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) during data collection, contribute up to 0.3?m RMS uncertainty in the across-track direction and 1.6?m RMS uncertainty in the vertical direction.  相似文献   

12.
黄家辉  谢玲玲  李强  李敏 《海洋学报》2022,44(12):55-69
本文利用OFES模式0.1°×0.1°高分辨率温盐、流速和海面高度(SSH)数据,分析eSQG方法在南海垂向流速诊断中的适用性和南海垂向流速的时空变化特征。结果表明,基于SSH和eSQG的诊断垂向流速ωeSQG与OFES模拟“真值”垂向流速ωOFES整体量级基本相当,为O(10?5 m/s),空间上呈现北强南弱。深海盆(水深大于1 000 m)ωeSQG与ωOFES的水平空间分布的相关系数rs在次表层150 m左右达到最大,高于南海全海域的空间相关系数,表明eSQG在远离边界的深水区更有效。季节上,ωeSQG总体夏强冬弱,与ωOFES的相关系数rs冬季大、夏季小,表明eSQG更适用于冬季南海垂向流速的诊断。eSQG诊断垂向流速在台湾西南部和越南以东适用性更高,与ωOFES的时间相关系数rt超过0.6;海盆南部和西北部陆架区诊断效果较差,时间相关系数rt多小于0.2。同一区域ωeSQG和ωOFES空间相关系数存在18~55 d的周期变化。分析显示,海面高度与海面密度同相位分布时,ωeSQG与“真值”ωOFES更接近。时间分辨率对eSQG诊断效果几乎无影响,空间分辨率降低到0.25°时rs整体增大,说明eSQG在中尺度诊断效果更好。  相似文献   

13.
声波在海底沉积物中的传播速度是一个重要参数,弄清海底沉积物中声速的变化规律具有极其重要的意义。以渤海金州湾海域为例,在进行畸变校正的基础上,基于高分辨率浅地层剖面与钻孔数据的对比分析,实现了全新世沉积层和基岩界面以上沉积层声速的准确反演,并采用统计学方法分析讨论了研究区内的声速特征和变化规律,结果表明,全新世沉积层平均声速的95%置信区间为1 449.60~1 655.72 m/s,平均值为1 560.34 m/s;基岩界面以上沉积层平均声速的95%置信区间为1 657.96~1 970.80 m/s,平均值为1 765.63 m/s;研究区内海底地层的声速与埋藏深度之间呈现明显的正线性相关关系,声速梯度为4.18 s?1。  相似文献   

14.
This study offers a new method for estimating High-Frequency (HF) radar surface current velocity error in data comparisons with other types of instrumentation. A new method is needed in order to remove the zero-mean random spatial and temporal fluctuations present in surface-current measurements from all sensors. Conventional methods for calculating radar error when comparing with another instrument have included their root mean square differences and scatter plots that provide correlation coefficient and slope/intercept of the regression line. It seems that a meaningful estimate of radar error should attempt to remove both sensors’ zero mean random fluctuations, inasmuch as possible. We offer and compare a method that does this. The method was tested on data collected in the Central San Francisco Bay, where GPS surface-drifter deployments were conducted within the coverage of four 42 MHz radars over six days in October of 2008. Drifters were continuously deployed in these areas over the sampling days, providing 525 usable drifter measurements. Drifter and radar measurements were averaged into thirty-minute time bins. The three-day long-term averages from the sampling areas were then subtracted from the thirtyminute averages to remove biases associated with comparisons done with short, disjoint time-sample periods. These were then used to develop methods that give radar error or bias after the random fluctuations have been removed. Results for error estimates in this study are commensurate with others where random fluctuations have been filtered, suggesting they are valid. The estimated error for the radars in the SF Bay is low, ranging from ?7.57 cm/s to 0.59 cm/s.  相似文献   

15.
For many reasons, e.g., port operations, coastal construction planning, undersea structure survival, and underwater transport, man wishes to know the extreme values that are likely to occur in coastal oceanographic variables. This paper presents a hybrid statistics/ computer simulation method that uses archived oceanographic observations to estimate confidence levels on the most extreme values likely to occur over a given period in the future. The difference from previously developed methods is the ability to estimate the most extreme value over a time period for a given probability (as opposed to estimating the probability of exceeding a given value) and the ability to obtain results from empirical data without a great deal of theoretical oceanography. The method is applied to the California coast for a period of 100 years on the following variables: bottom surge particle velocity by water depth, wave height by water depth, wavelength by water depth, wave period, current velocity, regions of high density, regions of low density, and earthquake magnitude. Values are given for the 99- and 99.9-percent probability levels.  相似文献   

16.
Localization is a crucial issue in underwater acoustics: when an underwater source is detected, the next step consists of localizing it. To do this, environmental parameters must be known or estimated. How can we estimate these parameters? As underwater sources produce low frequency (<100 Hz), most of the seismic processing tools developed by petroleum research can be adapted to estimate geophysical parameters of the sea and the seafloor. To know which methods or representations are useful to estimate geoacoustical parameters, a study of the propagation between an underwater source and receivers laid on the floor is proposed in the case of a real waveguide. Then, geoacoustical parameters are estimated on real data using transformations such as velocity correction or frequency-wavenumber transform. To validate these methods, two wave-propagation simulations using a finite-difference algorithm are made: the first in an environment similar to the model used to estimate geoacoustical parameters and the second in a more realistic environment (with several layers of sediments and variable water layer depth). Geoacoustical parameters are estimated and compared to the values used in the simulation. Finally, impulsive source is replaced by a boat-noise source to show that it is still possible to estimate geoacoustical parameters using noise sources.  相似文献   

17.
Numerous attempts have been made over the last thirty years to estimate fluid flow rates at hydrothermal vents, either at the exit of black smoker chimneys or within diffuse flow areas. In this study, we combine two methods to accurately estimate fluid flow velocities at diffuse flow areas. While the first method uses a hot film anemometer that performs high-frequency measurements, the second allows a relatively rapid assessment of fluid flow velocity through video imagery and provides in situ data to calibrate the sensor. Measurements of flow velocities on hydrothermal diffuse flow areas were obtained on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). They range from 1.1 to 4.9 mm/s at the substratum level, in low-temperature (4.5–16.4 °C) diffuse flow areas from the Tour Eiffel sulfide edifice. A strong correlation was observed between fluid flow velocities and temperature, supporting the possible use of temperature as a proxy to estimate the flow rates in diffuse flow areas where such a simple linear flow/temperature relation is shown to dominate.  相似文献   

18.
中国黄渤海沉积物声速与物理性质研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In order to investigate the correlation between a sound velocity and sediment bulk properties and explore the influence of frequency dependence of the sound velocity on the prediction of the sediment properties by the sound velocity,a compressional wave velocity is measured at frequencies of 25–250 k Hz on marine sediment samples collected from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in laboratory,together with the geotechnical parameters of sediments.The results indicate that the sound velocity ranges from 1.232 to 1.721 km/s for the collected sediment samples with a significant dispersion within the series measuring frequency.Poorly sorted sediments are highly dispersive nearly with a positive linear relationship.The porosity shows a better negative logarithmic correlation with the sound velocity compared with other geotechnical parameters.Generally,the sound velocity increases with the increasing of the average particle size,sand content,wet and dry bulk densities,and decreasing of the clay content,and water content.An important point should be demonstrated that the higher correlation can be obtained when the measuring frequency is low within the frequency ranges from 25 to 250 k Hz since the inhomogeneity of sediment properties has a more remarkably influence on the laboratory sound velocity measurement at the high frequency.  相似文献   

19.
A method has been developed to monitor the surface velocity field by combining repeated acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) observations and satellite altimetry data. The geostrophic velocity anomaly is calculated from the sea surface height anomaly field estimated from the altimetry data by an optimal interpolation. It has been confirmed that this accurately observes the smoothed velocity anomaly field when the interpolation scales are set according to the spatio-temporal sampling pattern of the altimeter used. The velocity anomaly obtained from the altimetry data is subtracted from the repeated ADCP observations to estimate temporal mean velocity along the ship tracks. Regularly sampled, nine-year time series of surface velocity can then be obtained by adding the computed mean velocity and the altimetry anomaly components. This clearly illustrates surface velocity fluctuations such as the movement of the Kuroshio axis due to its meandering and an increase of the interannual variability of the Subtropical Countercurrent toward its downstream region. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

20.
为了探究海表温度和海面高度之间的瞬时相关性,介绍了一种卫星测高数据的拉格朗日分析指数--有限尺度李雅普诺夫指数(Finite Size Lyapunov Exponent,FSLE),以黑潮延伸体区域的涡旋和南大西洋的亚南极锋为例,通过对观测、模式结果和融合产品结果的分析,探讨了该指数与海表温度梯度(Sea Surface Temperature Gradient,SSTG)之间的相关性。比较FSLE图像和SSTG图像发现,FSLE与SSTG均呈丝状结构,对海洋表层水体结构描述具有一致性,尤其在温度梯度大和地转流强的区域更为一致。二者的一致性要远好于其他常用方式,比如全流速、OW参数涡旋识别方法和Winding-Angle涡旋识别方法。不同区域FSLE与SSTG之间的相关性表现不同,黑潮延伸体区域相关系数存在显著的季节变化,而南大西洋亚南极锋区域季节内变化突出。  相似文献   

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