共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 421 毫秒
1.
三亚湾浮游动物的昼夜垂直移动 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1998年11月和1999年1、4、8月在三亚湾(109°28′6″E,18°13′36″N;水深约15m)进行了24h的浮游动物昼夜连续分层采样。结果表明,浮游动物的昼夜垂直移动季节变化显著,春季在中上层(0—10m)分布,夏季营显著的白天下降、夜晚上升的移动。三亚湾浮游动物的昼夜垂直移动可划分为移动显著和不显著两大类型,前者又可划分为白天下降、夜晚上升,白天上升、夜晚下降,傍晚和清晨上升、白天和夜晚下降3种类型;后者又可划分为中上层分布和各水层均匀分布2种类型。此外,有些种类的昼夜垂直移动无明显的规律。光照是影响浮游动物昼夜垂直移动的重要因素。浮游植物密度与浮游动物的昼夜垂直移动关系不密切。夏季浮游动物的大型种类肥胖箭虫(Sagittaenflata)、亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanussubcrassus)可以穿越温跃层的上界而进入表层。浮游动物昼夜垂直移动的幅度不但与种类的个体大小有关,而且也与水深和种类的习性有关。 相似文献
2.
在IONESS系统中浮游介形类的昼夜垂直移动 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据IONESS系统对浮游动物的分层采样结果,研究浮游介形动物的昼夜垂直移动.浮游介形类存在着整个类群的昼夜垂直移动,白天其丰度最大值记录于200～300m层,并往上层水域递减,而夜间则明显往上层密集,丰度最大值提升至50～100m层;就物种多样性而言,由于工作水层(0～1000m)以深水层的众多种类于夜间上升至1000m以浅水层,导致工作水层内总种数由白天的49种剧增至夜间的78种,增幅达60%,各分层的种类数都有较明显的增加,750～1000m层的增幅最大,达150%,其次为50～100m层(增幅达125%);各种浮游介形类有不同的昼夜垂直移动模式,但绝大多数种类属于夜间上升型,少数种类属于不敏感类型,极少数种类却具夜间下降的移动特点.浮游介形类虽具明显的昼夜垂直移动,但这一变动往往局限于一定水深范围,从而反映出介形类的层状分布特点,可划分为广深分布型、上层分布型、中层分布型和下层分布型. 相似文献
3.
东海浮游动物昼夜垂直移动的初步研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
于 1 994年 4月 (春季 )和 1 1月 (秋季 )在东海 41 0站 ( 1 2 4°5 9′E ,2 9°32′N ,水深 85m)对浮游动物的昼夜垂直移动变化规律进行 2 4h定点连续观测。结果表明 ,春季和秋季浮游动物总数量的昼夜垂直移动变化均不明显 ,其数量主要分布在 0— 1 0m的表层水域 ;在桡足类的优势种中 ,个体较大的中华哲水蚤第V期和成体、精致真刺水蚤 ,以及磷虾类的中华假磷虾和太平洋磷虾等 ,其昼夜垂直移动比较明显。而一些个体较小的种类 ,如小拟哲水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤和其他种类的幼体、被囊类的优势种长尾住囊虫等 ,无论是在春季还是在秋季 ,它们的昼夜垂直移动均不明显 ,主要集中在 0— 1 0m的表层水域 相似文献
4.
北黄海浮游动物昼夜垂直移动的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文对黄海北部主要浮游动物的昼夜垂直移动作了初步探讨。结果表明，该海区浮游动物的昼夜垂直移动可分为移动显著和不显著二种类型，前者是一些较大的浮游动物，后者是一些较小的浮游动物，另外还可大致分成上层分布，中、下层分布以及水体中均匀分布三种类型。本文不讨论了几种环境因素对浮游动物昼夜垂直移动的影响。 相似文献
5.
毛颚动物又称箭虫,是海洋中的次级生产力代表之一。毛颚动物的呼吸受温度影响较大,因此其丰度会受到水温的调节作用。盐度25时,毛颚动物种类多丰度低,但也有一些耐高盐的种类可在高盐环境中有高丰度。许多研究表明,海流和海洋锋对毛颚动物分布产生显著影响,海流可将毛颚动物携至不同水层甚至不同气候带。毛颚动物有迁移现象并呈垂直分布,这与捕食相联系,不同毛颚动物之间遵循空间、时间、食物型分离的生态规则,以减少种间竞争。毛颚动物对其捕食对象的摄食压力较大,此外,还产生可快速下沉的粪粒,在有机物向下输送过程有一定作用。 相似文献
6.
根据南沙群岛海区1997年11月(秋季)、1999年4月(春季)和7月(夏季)3个航次的调查资料,对上层水域毛颚类的种类组成和丰度分布进行了分析。共鉴定毛颚类18种。秋、春、夏3个季节毛颚类平均丰度分别为(6.86±3.08)、(9.95±3.50)和(7.11±3.34)个/m3。肥胖软箭虫(Flaccisag-ittaenflata)、龙翼箭虫(Pterosagitta draco)和太平洋齿箭虫(Serratosagitta pacifica)是3个航次调查共有的优势种,肥胖软箭虫占绝对优势。调查海区毛颚类按其生态特征可分为暖水广布种、大洋性暖水种和暖水近岸种三个类群,前两者对毛颚类丰度分布起决定性作用。毛颚类丰度分布受东亚季风驱动的南海环流影响显著,在秋季东北季风期,毛颚类分布趋势为西高东低,高值区位于西南部,与海洋锋对应;在夏季西南季风期,毛颚类主要分布在西北部,与该区域存在的海洋锋和上升流密切相关。作为最主要的食物来源,桡足类丰度是影响南沙群岛海区毛颚类丰度变化的重要因素。 相似文献
7.
南沙群岛渚碧礁春季浮游动物群落特征 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
根据2002年5月的调查资料,对南沙群岛渚碧礁浮游动物的群落结构、平面分布、垂直分布和昼夜变化等进行了研究分析。浮游动物鉴定有72种,其中挠足类种数最多,其次是浮游幼虫、毛颚类。浮游动物种类中多数是终生浮游生物,少数是阶段性浮游生物,个别是暂时性浮游生物。渚碧礁浮游动物群落的热带特征非常显著,多数种类属于热带外海生态类群,少数属于暖水沿岸生态类群。优势种相当突出,其中奥氏胸刺水蚤Centropagesorsinii占主导地位。渚碧礁浮游动物平均密度达840个·m-3,礁坪区与湖内的浮游动物数量分布差异很大,湖为礁坪的7倍多,两者的优势种也有明显差异。浮游动物垂直分布不均匀,主要密集于5—10m水层,因种类不同其垂直分布也有差异。礁坪的浮游动物种类和数量昼夜变化显著,均呈白天减少、夜晚增加。浮游动物的数量分布与环境因子和浮游动物生态习性有关。 相似文献
8.
台湾海峡西部海域水螅水母类和管水母类的垂直分布 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文报道了台湾海峡西部海域夏、秋季水螅水母类和管水母类的垂直分布，结果表明：这两类浮游动物的种类数一般以中层（10－25m）和上层（0－10m）居多，而平均丰度则以上层最大，这主要是由于主要种四叶小舌水母、两手筐水母、双生水母和长囊无棱水母多栖息于上层之故。本文还讨论了这两类水母垂直分布的类型及与水温、光强和铒料的关系。 相似文献
9.
本文对2006年12月、2007年5月和6月在南黄海两个连续站S1-4和S3-3采集的梭形纽鳃樽的昼夜垂直移动进行了研究。结果表明, 在不同季节不同海域该种昼夜垂直移动行为略有差异。在S1-4站位, 12月份梭形纽鳃樽复体从未到达底层(50—70m), 在0—50m的水层中表现出不规则的昼夜垂直移动。从中午(12:00)到傍晚(18:00)主要分布在表层, 之后移动到较深的水层(10—30m), 而单体由于数量较少而未进行昼夜垂直移动分析; 5、6月份, 该种单体和复体都出现了明显的反向昼夜垂直移动, 即白天迁移到表层, 夜间向底层迁移, 5月份尤为明显。在S3-3站位, 12月份和5月份梭形纽鳃樽的单体和复体几乎在整个水层都有分布。12月份梭形纽鳃樽复体在夜间有向下移动的趋势, 在06:00时到达最底层, 白天主要分布在20m以上的水层中。5月份梭形纽鳃樽单体和复体昼夜垂直移动不明显, 但主要分布在10—20m的水层中。 相似文献
10.
根据南沙群岛海区1997年11月(秋季)、1999年4月(春季)和7月(夏季)3个航次的调查资料,对上层水域毛颚类的种类组成和丰度分布进行了分析。共鉴定毛颚类18种。秋、春、夏3个季节毛颚类平均丰度分别为(6.86±3.08)、(9.95±3.50)和(7.11±3.34)个/m3。肥胖软箭虫(Flaccisagitta enflata)、龙翼箭虫(Pterosagitta draco)和太平洋齿箭虫(Serratosagitta pacifica)是3个航次调查共有的优势种,肥胖软箭虫占绝对优势。调查海区毛颚类按其生态特征可分为暖水广布种、大洋性暖水种和暖水近岸种三个类群,前两者对毛颚类丰度分布起决定性作用。毛颚类丰度分布受东亚季风驱动的南海环流影响显著,在秋季东北季风期,毛颚类分布趋势为西高东低,高值区位于西南部,与海洋锋对应;在夏季西南季风期,毛颚类主要分布在西北部,与该区域存在的海洋锋和上升流密切相关。作为最主要的食物来源,桡足类丰度是影响南沙群岛海区毛颚类丰度变化的重要因素。 相似文献
11.
The diurnal vertical migration of planktonic crustaceans may be divided into two types: Type 1, species with marked diurnal vertical migration; Type 2, species without marked diurnal vertical migration. The former may be further grouped into three patterns: Pattern 1, sinking by day and rising by night; Pattern 2, rising by dawn and evening and sinking by day and midnight; Pattern 3, rising by day and sinking by night. The latter may be further grouped into the following three patterns: Pattern 1, surface layer distribution; Pattern 2, bottom layer distribution; Pattern 3, even distribution between the surface and bottom layers. Among these patterns the two most common ones appear to be the sinking by day and rising by night' and the surface layer distribution. Most of the females are no more marked in the diurnal vertical migration than males in the Xiamen Harbour. The diurnal vertical migration of the animal become more and more conspicuous with the increase of the ages and varies markedly with season 相似文献
12.
K.K. Kusum 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(12):1163-1174
The influence of a thick layer of oxygen-depleted water (<0.2 ml l−1) on the abundance and distribution of chaetognaths was investigated in the northeastern Arabian Sea (NEAS), a natural oxygen-deficient system in the global ocean. The species and maturity stage-wise distribution of this group were studied at five discrete depths down to 1000 m. A total of 22 species belonging to four genera were observed, and the genus Sagitta dominated, representing 60% (500-1000 m) to 89% (Mixed layer depth) of the total chaetognath population. Based on their vertical distribution limits, four groups were recognised, as follows: I: species abundant in surface water with a maximum distribution limit up to 300 m; II: species confined mainly to deeper waters (>500 m); III: species present throughout the water column (0-1000 m); and IV: species present in most layers, but with a preference for a specific depth stratum. A positive correlation (P<0.01) was observed in the abundance of chaetognaths and their main prey copepods, emphasising the strong trophic relationship between these groups. It was found that the intensely oxygen-deficient waters of the NEAS play a crucial role in the vertical distribution and abundance of chaetognath species of all four genera. This report presents information on the maturity stages and ontogenetic migration of this important planktonic group in relation to the oxygen-depleted water in the study region for the first time. The results obtained are also important for understanding the biological processes associated with a major oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the global ocean. 相似文献
13.
Micronekton abundance and biomass in Hawaiian waters as influenced by seamounts, eddies, and the moon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jeffrey C. Drazen Lisa G. De Forest Reka Domokos 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(5):557-566
Micronekton abundance, biomass, and community composition was determined from 58 Cobb trawl samples taken from 2005 to 2008 at several locations in the lee of the Hawaiian Islands. The results indicated a strong influence of the lunar illumination on micronekton abundance and biomass. This effect was evident in shallow night tows and probably was the result of lunar light affecting the nighttime depths of migrating species. The abundance and biomass of micronekton is remarkably consistent between years and areas in Hawaiian waters after the affects of moon phase are accounted for. Micronekton, principally migratory myctophids, were reduced over the summit of Cross Seamount but not Finch Seamount that has a summit below the daytime depth of most migrators. However, during a new moon, micronekton abundance over Cross seamount was similar to surrounding areas either because of altered migration patterns or because predators such as tunas cannot forage as effectively at night without lunar illumination. Species belonging to the Hawaiian mesopelagic boundary layer community were found to vary in presence and abundance between years at Cross Seamount suggesting that a consistent seamount associated fauna does not exist. Sparse sampling of a cyclonic mid-ocean eddy suggested very high micronekton abundance and biomass both in shallow waters at night but also at depth during the day. Although preliminary, these results suggest that eddies may aggregate the micronekton which probably feed on the enhanced secondary productivity. 相似文献
14.
南海永乐龙洞位于西沙群岛永乐环礁,是迄今为止发现的最深的海洋蓝洞,水文环境及理化因素特殊,90 m以下水体为无氧环境。为研究永乐龙洞浮游植物的群落组成及其昼夜变化,于2017年3月在龙洞、潟湖及外礁坡进行浮游植物样品采集。研究结果表明:龙洞内叶绿素a浓度呈现随深度先增大后减小的趋势,日间浓度最大值层出现在40 m层(0.42μg/L),夜间则出现在20 m层(0.59μg/L)。永乐龙洞微微型浮游植物丰度介于1.1×10^3~5.1×10^4 cells/mL。聚球藻在上层水体占优势(0~20 m),40 m以下水层原绿球藻丰度对微微型浮游植物丰度贡献率最大(90%以上),微微型真核浮游植物丰度在整个水体都较低(除20 m层)。微微型浮游植物昼夜存在明显差异,夜间其丰度最大值层为20 m层,日间则上移至表层。本研究共记录微型和小型浮游植物5门41属55种(含未定种)。其中,硅藻门25属34种、甲藻门12属15种、金藻门1属1种、蓝藻3属、隐藻1属。微型和小型浮游植物丰度介于3.3×10^2~9.8×10^4 cells/L。甲藻丰度对浮游植物总丰度贡献率最大,其次是硅藻,隐藻和蓝藻丰度仅在少数水层占优势。微型和小型浮游植物昼夜变化明显,夜间丰度最大值层为20 m层,日间则出现在40 m层。微微型、微型和小型浮游植物垂直分布与叶绿素a浓度垂直分布一致性高。龙洞浮游植物的种类数和丰度高于潟湖和外礁坡。 相似文献
15.
Kouichi Kawaguchi 《Journal of Oceanography》1973,29(3):113-120
Basing upon the total of 1,081 samples collected by a large plankton net (160 cm in mouth diameter) in the Pacific Ocean, the geographical and vertical distribution ofGonostoma gracile were studied. The species is distributed in the water masses of the Kuroshio, the Kuroshio Extension, the North Pacific Current, the Oyashio, the North Pacific Subarctic Water and the western North Pacific Central Water. The center of distribution lies in the Kuroshio area off Japan. Vertically, the species occurs between the depths of 200 and 1,000 m, mainly 300–700 m, both during daytime and at night. A part of population might come up to 0–200 m at night, although its biomass is negligibly small in comparison to that remaining in 300–700 m layer. Postlarvae are found in 300–700 m layer, mainly at 300–500 m, and apparently do not undertake diurnal vertical migration. 相似文献
16.
Chiyuki Sassa Kouichi Kawaguchi Yuichi Hirota Minoru Ishida 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(12):2181-2193
We describe the day–night vertical distribution patterns of 18 species or types of myctophid fish larvae at the transforming stage based on discrete depth sampling from the surface down to 1000-m depth in the subtropical–tropical western North Pacific. A total of 551 transforming stage larvae were collected at the 19 sampling stations. Except for the Diaphus species and Notolychnus valdiviae, all of the transforming stage larvae (including genera Benthosema, Bolinichthys, Centrobranchus, Ceratoscopelus, Diogenichthys, Hygophum, Lampanyctus, Lobianchia, Myctophum, Symbolophorus, and Triphoturus) were collected in the lower mesopelagic zone from 600- to 900-m depth during both day and night, showing no diel vertical migration (DVM). On the contrary, the Diaphus species and N. valdiviae larvae undergo DVM during the transforming stage, occurring below 200-m layer during the daytime and migrating up to the upper 150-m layer at night, i.e., they show earlier adaptation to juvenile–adult behaviors. Most myctophid fish larvae are known to undertake substantial ontogenetic vertical migration (OVM) from the epipelagic to mesopelagic zones during their early life stage. Although considerable sampling effort was carried out in this study, transforming larvae, except for the above two migratory ones, were not collected in the epipelagic and upper mesopelagic zones, strongly suggesting that their sinking speed would be high. It would be advantageous for survival to spend their highly vulnerable transforming stage in the lower mesopelagic zone, where predation pressures are lower and physical conditions are more stable than in the upper layers. 相似文献
17.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(16):1083-1094
Zooplankton in the coastal upwelling region off northern Chile may play a significant biogeochemical role by promoting carbon flux into the subsurface OMZ (oxygen minimum zone). This work identifies the dominant zooplankton species inhabiting the area influenced by the OMZ in March 2000 off Iquique (20°S, northern Chile). Abundance and vertical distribution studies revealed 17 copepod and 9 euphausiid species distributed between the surface and 600 m at four stations sampled both by day and by night. Some abundant species remained in the well-oxygenated upper layer (30 m), with no evidence of diel vertical migration, apparently restricted by a shallow (40–60 m) oxycline. Other species, however, were found closely associated with the OMZ. The large-sized copepod Eucalanus inermis was found below the oxycline and performed diel vertical migrations into the OMZ, whereas the very abundant Euphausia mucronata performed extensive diel vertical migrations between the surface waters and the core of the OMZ (200 m), even crossing it. A complete assessment of copepods and euphausiids revealed that the whole sampled water column (0–600 m) is occupied by distinct species having well-defined habitats, some of them within the OMZ. Ontogenetic migrations were evident in Eucalanidae and E. mucronata. Estimates of species biomass showed a substantial (>75% of total zooplankton biomass) daily exchange of C between the photic layer and the OMZ. Both E. inermis and E. mucronata can actively exchange about 37.8 g C m−2 d−1 between the upper well-oxygenated (0–60 m) layer and the deeper (60–600 m) OMZ layer. This migrant biomass may contribute about 7.2 g C m−2 d−1 to the OMZ system through respiration, mortality, and production of fecal pellets within the OMZ. This movement of zooplankton in and out of the OMZ, mainly as a result of the migratory behavior of E. mucronata, suggests a very efficient mechanism for introducing large amounts of freshly produced carbon into the OMZ system and should, therefore, be considered when establishing C budgets for coastal upwelling systems. 相似文献
18.
根据2016年3月和9月南海东北部陆坡区浮游动物垂直分层采样, 比较浮游动物种类组成、丰度和生物量的垂直分布和季节变化, 探讨影响其差异的原因。文中共鉴定浮游动物225种, 其中3月和9月分别出现150种和169种; 桡足类种数达132种, 其次是毛颚类和管水母类, 各18种; 浮游动物种数在50~100m水层最高, 一般随水深增加而减少。浮游动物丰度和生物量主要集中在0~100m, 二者在100m以深水层随深度增加而降低, 而水柱生物量在100~1000m占总水柱生物量的60%以上。浮游动物优势种季节和垂直变化明显, 3月近海种如普通波水蚤(Undinula vulgaris)和微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)等在100m以上水层丰度较高; 9月外海种如达氏筛哲水蚤(Cosmocalanus darwinii)和黄角光水蚤(Lucicutia flavicornis)等在100m以浅水层相对于3月丰度增加; 隆线似哲水蚤(Calanoides carinatus)在3月丰度和平均体长高于9月, 并且体长较大者主要分布在深层。浮游动物可分0~100m、100~400m和400~1000m三个群落, 因不同水层种类组成和丰度差异引起。浮游动物丰度和生物量的垂直变化与温度、叶绿素a质量浓度等因子呈显著正相关。南海东北部陆坡浮游动物季节和垂直变化受季风、沿岸流和中尺度涡的影响。 相似文献
19.
基于声学仪器与粒径分析仪研究东海浮游动物昼夜垂直迁移过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浮游动物的昼夜迁移活动与其种群变动和摄食节律紧密联系,浮游动物昼夜移动的研究已经成为种群动力学研究的一个重要组成部分。2013年夏季在浙江东部近海,结合声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)和激光粒径分析仪(LISST-100)等仪器进行了一次定点周日连续观测。通过声学反演方法,得到后向散射强度剖面的时间变化,结合LISST-100得到的水体悬浮物粒径谱,研究了浮游动物垂直迁移及其习性。分析发现了可能是精致真刺水蚤的一次昼夜垂直迁移过程,其在夜间进入跃层附近进食,白天蛰伏于底层低温高盐的台湾暖流水中,垂向迁移速度达到了0.05 m/s。LISST-100观测还发现在夜间跃层边界处大粒径颗粒聚集和100～150 μm大小的颗粒物的减少,水体中不同粒径的悬浮颗粒物有明显的昼夜变化节律,推测水体中不同层次生物群落结构存在昼夜差异。 相似文献