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1.
东海沿岸海底沉积物中的^137Cs,^210Pb分布及其沉积环境解释 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对东海沿岸不同海区８个沉积柱样的１３７Ｃｓ或２１０Ｐｂ剖面的观测,运用１３７Ｃｓ时标法和２１０Ｐｂ过剩法估算了近几十年来的平均沉积速率。并对１３７Ｃｓ的区域分布与蓄积程度及其环境意义进行了初步探讨 相似文献
2.
大亚湾不同介质中137Cs和90Sr的含量及行为特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别用ＨＰＧｅγ谱方法和放化分离β计数方法测量了大亚湾海水、沉积物和海洋生物样品的人工放射性核素＾１３７Ｃｓ和＾９０Ｓｒ。计算了海洋生物对＾１３７Ｃｓ和＾９０Ｓｒ的浓集因子及其在沉积物和海水中的分配系数,对＾１３７Ｃｓ和＾９０Ｓｒ的含量水平,＾１３７Ｃｓ和＾９０Ｓｒ及其与样品中天然放射性核素含量相关性,海洋生物对＾１３７Ｃｓ和＾９０Ｓｒ的浓集,以及＾１３７Ｃｓ和＾９０Ｓｒ的地球化学进行了讨论。 相似文献
3.
用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测草鱼出血病病毒的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
于１９９４年５月－１９９５年７月，根据已克隆的草鱼出现血病病毒ＧＣＨＶ－８６１株ｃＤＮＡ的部分序列，设计合成了两对ＰＣＲ引物，采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术对ＧＣＨＶ－８６１ＧＣＨＶ－８７３两病毒株的ｄｓＲＮＡ进行扩增，结果表明，两对引物仅能特异地检测了ＧＣＨＶ－８６１病毒株核素的存在，而不能对ＧＣＨＶ－８７３病毒株的核酸进行特异扩增，该方法是最小可检测出０．１ｐｇ纯化的ＧＣＨＶ－８６１病毒ｄｓＲＮＡ，采用 相似文献
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5.
罗氏沼虾育苗用水中Mg2+与Ca2+含量及Mg2+/Ca2+对出苗率的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
１９９１年３－６月和１９９２年３－６月在南汇县东海水产养殖公司对罗氏沼虾育苗用水调配原则与不同基础水的调配方法进行试验研究。结果表明，育苗用水中Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｃａ＾２＋含量及Ｍｇ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾２＋必须达到一定的范围，这是调配的基本原则。以鱼塘水作基础水时，需添加６种化学药品，其中Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｃａ＾２＋含量可适范围分别为３００．０－４４０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ与１７０．０－２４４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｍｇ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾ 相似文献
6.
四种^14C标记农药在某些海洋动物中的积累和降解 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对＾１４Ｃ－六六六、＾１４Ｃ－毒死蜱、＾１４Ｃ－敌百虫和＾１４Ｃ－久效磷在几各海洋动物中的和积累和降解进行了比较研究，结果表明，４种农药在实验动物中被积累的能力由大至小顺序为：＾１４Ｃ－六六六和＾１４Ｃ－毒死蜱，＾１４Ｃ－敌百虫＾１４Ｃ－久效磷，而实验动物对农药的积累能力由大至小顺序为小：小弹涂鱼Ｐｅｒｉｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ ｃａｎｔｏｎｅｎｓｉｓ，实验贝类，褶痕相手蟹Ｓｅｓａｒｍａ（Ｐａｒａｓｅ 相似文献
7.
红藻真江离质粒的发现 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
于１９９２年４月－１９９３年４月，用液氮研磨－苯酚／氯仿抽提－异丙醇沉淀的方法提取青岛沿海产紫菜，真江离，龙须菜，海膜４种红藻的总ＤＮＡ；利用Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ－ＣｓＣｌ密度梯度超离心法将叶绿体ＤＮＡ与核ＤＮＡ分开。对抽取的叶绿体ＤＮＡ梯度组分电泳结果表明，真江离样品出现质凿的电泳条带。以透射电镜观察到闭合环状ＤＮＡ图像；分子杂交结果显示，真江离质粒与其叶绿体ＤＮＡ之间没有同源性，而与核ＤＡＮ之间有一 相似文献
8.
合浦珠母贝幼虫,幼苗的摄食率和摄食节律研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
１９９４年９月至１９９５年１２月在中国科学院南海海洋研究所大亚湾海洋生物综合实验站展开合浦珠母贝ＰｉｎｃｔａｄａｍａｒｔｅｎｓｉｉＤｕｎｋｅｒ幼虫和幼苗摄食率和摄食节律的研究。通过对该贝幼虫和幼苗摄食率与生物饵料浓度的关系的模拟分析，得到了二次多项式方程：ＦＲ＝α＋βＣ－γＣ＾－２。在该方程中建立了 育苗时的生物饵料藻最适抽以喂浓度（Ｃｏｐｔ），Ｃｏｐｔ＝－β／２γ。在最适饵料藻投喂浓度的条件下， 相似文献
9.
沉积物中^238U等9种放射性核素γ谱法同时测定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文报道了为测量沉积物中的γ放射性核素，用一个ＨＰＧｅ探测器γ谱仪同时记录１０－２００ｋｅＶ能区能谱和１００－２０００ｋｅＶ能区能谱的方法，一次谱数据收集可同时测定出＾２３８Ｕ、＾２３５Ｕ、＾２１０Ｐｂ、＾２３８Ｔｈ、＾２２８Ｒａ、＾２２６Ｒａ、＾４０Ｋ、＾６０Ｃｏ和＾１３７Ｃｓ等核素的比活度。 相似文献
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11.
对赣北黄茅潭近代湖泊沉积岩芯进行了~(137)Cs、~(210)Pb测试和SCP(球状碳粒)计数分析,阐述了~(137)Cs蓄积特征,结合SCP计数、粒度指标及降水记录厘定了一些事件性沉积层位。研究表明,1986年前后是沉积环境中~(137)Cs行为的转折点;在这之前,~(137)Cs以大气散落为主,其蓄积行为大致与降水存在正相关关系,在这之后,~(137)Cs以流域侵蚀为主,其蓄积行为与降水呈负相关关系。1953—1954年、1974—1975年、1998—1999年,流域降水丰沛,相应沉积层位~(137)Cs比活度低,这与流域强烈侵蚀稀释了进入湖泊的~(137)Cs有关。1963—1964年沉积层位~(137)Cs蓄积峰稳定而显著,与高通量的大气散落有关,也与当时降水量低,大雨、暴雨次数少,流域侵蚀强度低造成较低的沉积速率等密切相关,是可靠的定年时标。1986年存在同样的气候环境特点,其蓄积峰可能也是存在的,但需要进一步确认。基于~(210)Pb方法,利用多种计年模式计算了沉积岩芯的年代,发现与这些事件性沉积层位具有较大差异。研究认为,在长江中游这种降水高、流域侵蚀强度高的较为复杂的沉积环境中,~(210)Pb计年存在较大误差。复杂沉积环境中近代沉积的定年,有必要深度挖掘~(137)Cs环境行为,在全面阐述其蓄积特点的基础上,辅以SCP计数、粒度指标及降水等识别事件性沉积层位,矫正~(210)Pb计年,是精确建立近代沉积时标的必要方法。 相似文献
12.
本文依据日本监测的137Cs 年大气沉降通量，利用相应的降水数据进行修正，定量分析长江口1986 年137Cs 大气沉降特征，结合长江口沉积物中137Cs 与239+240Pu 比活度垂直剖面的分布特征对1986 年时标进行探讨，同时讨论了识别该时标的方法。结论如下： （1） 长江口137Cs 大气沉降通量趋势与日本东京基本一致，1986 年都存在明显的137Cs 沉降峰，所以长江口沉积物中应存在切尔诺贝利核事故泄露的137Cs 蓄积峰记录。（2） 相比于稳定的湖泊沉积环境，沉积动力环境复杂的长江口可以结合Pu 同位素推断137Cs 剖面的1986 年次级峰，但是根据沉积物平均沉积速率、蓄积峰比值等推算此次级峰较为困难，所以对1986 年辅助计年时标的应用要慎重。 相似文献
13.
Salt marshes are potentially threatened by sea level rise if sediment supply is unable to balance the rising sea. A rapid sea level rise is one of the pronounced effects of global warming and global sea level is at present rising at an elevated rate of about 3.4 mm y? 1 on average. This increasing rate of sea level rise should make it possible to study the effect of rapidly rising sea level on salt marsh accumulation. However, such an understanding is generally hampered by lack of available data with sufficient precision. Here we present a high-precision dataset based on detailed radiometric measurements of 137Cs in 10 sediment cores retrieved at a natural and unmanaged micro tidal salt marsh. Two distinct 137Cs-peaks were found in all cores, one peak corresponding to the 1963-maximum caused by testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere and the other to the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Salt marsh accretion has generally kept pace with sea level rise since 1963 but comparison of the accumulation rates of minerogenic material in the period 1963–1986 and 1986–2003 revealed a slight decrease in accumulation with time in spite of an observed increase in inundation frequency. The observed decrease in sediment deposition is significant and gives reason for concern as it may be the first sign of a sedimentation deficiency which could be threatening this and other salt marshes in the case of a rapidly rising sea level. Our work demonstrates that the assumption of a constant relationship between salt marsh inundation and sediment deposition is not necessarily valid, even for a salt marsh that receives most of its allocthonous sediment from the adjacent sea. The apparent decrease in sediment deposition indicates that the basic assumption of sufficient sediment supply used in contemporary models dealing with salt marsh accretion is most probably not valid in the present case study and it may well be that this is also the case for many other salt marshes, especially if sea level continues to rise rapidly as indicated by some climate change scenarios. 相似文献
14.
Arrigo A. Cigna 《Ocean Science Journal》2006,41(4):261-290
The concentrations of man made radionuclides in surface seawater since early ′60s are here reported as measured in Italy and
Japan. Most of the data refers to90Sr and137Cs, but occasionally the concentrations of89Sr and134Cs in some Italian samples are also given. The main sources of man made radionuclides were the global fallout produced by
the nuclear weapon tests and the Chernobyl accident. The respective contributions to the contamination of surface seawater
around both countries are discussed. 相似文献
15.
A 3-D dispersion model has been developed to simulate the dispersion of nuclear contaminants in marine ecosystems. This model is characterized by presenting high spatial resolution, by taking into account the possible sedimentation of a fraction of the contaminants, and by formulating the diffusion processes using an original approach.The model has been applied and validated taking the Baltic Sea as its scenario, and using the 137Cs originating from the Chernobyl accident as the substance which experienced the dispersion. The simulation of a year’s dispersion of the 137Cs in the Baltic sea (just after the Chernobyl accident) has been performed. 相似文献
16.
Y Kato H KitazatoM Shimanaga T NakatsukaY Shirayama T Masuzawa 《Progress in Oceanography》2003,57(1):77-95
Profiles of the radioisotopes 210Pb and 137Cs were determined in 15 sediment cores collected from Sagami Bay, Japan. The activities of 210Pbex (unsupported) in core top sediments increased with water depth from 25 dpm g−1 on the upper continental slope off the mouth of Tokyo Bay to an average of 283 dpm g−1 at the deep-sea station SB. The high 210Pb trapping efficiency of settling particles expected from the results of the sediment trap experiment near the SB site suggests that effective 210Pb enrichment in surface sediments may occur during resuspension and lateral transportation of particles via the benthic nepheloid layer on the continental slope. In several cores, 137Cs profiles showed an increase, a distinct peak, and then a decrease to an undetectable level downcore. These profiles can be compared with the temporal change of bomb-produced 137Cs fallout.The mean sedimentation rates estimated by the 210Pbex inventory method, rather than using 210Pbex profiles, ranged from 0.06 g cm−2 y−1 to 0.14 g cm−2 y−1. The average value of the rates in SB cores was calculated to be 0.11 g cm−2 y−1, which was similar to that calculated under the assumption that the age of the 137Cs peak corresponds to its maximum fallout year in 1963.Although 137Cs inventories represented one tenth of the anthropogenic fallout of 137Cs until 1997, they correlated with the increase in 210Pbex inventory. This suggests that the scavenging of refractory 137Cs as well as 210Pb by settling particles in the water column can lead to the formation of a time marker layer even in deep-sea sediment core, such as at the SB site. 相似文献
17.
137Cs测年在海岸盐沼中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海岸盐沼广泛分布在海岸和河口环境,滩面有盐生植被覆盖,并且被潮水沟分割成片。研究海岸盐沼沉积过程和沉积速率,对于深入认识人类活动与海岸系统之间的相互作用具有非常重要的意义1。37Cs测年技术是近20年用来测定现代沉积速率的一个有效方法,人工核试验产生的137Cs被释放到大气中,再经气-水、水-沉积物界面的交换和吸附而沉淀在地层里,通过几次出现的峰值年代来计算不同时段的沉积速率;该方法在计算湖泊沉积速率方面取得了成功,在陆架、海湾、潮滩等区域也取得了较好的成果。但由于该方法对研究区域地层记录的稳定性有较高的要求,沉积物黏土含量、分选程度均对137Cs含量有显著影响;海岸盐沼由于植被生长茂盛,根系伸入地层深处,对沉积地层有较大扰动,因此,很难分辨出特征峰值,需要借助其他手段来综合判断特征沉降峰值。 相似文献
18.
Sediments in the Hudson Estuary contain zinc, copper and lead from metal pollutants discharged to the harbor in the New York City area, from dispersed sources of contamination introduced upstream, and from natural weathering processes. The magnitude of the contribution from each of these three sources to particular sites can be estimated on the basis of total metal abundances, relative proportions of several metals, and other sediment properties. The pattern of recent heavy-metal contamination in Hudson sediments closely follows the distribution in sediments of 137Cs which was derived over the past two decades from global fallout and local releases from a commercial nuclear reactor. Several simple empirical corrections related to grain size and mineralogy variations are suggested for comparing heavy-metal contamination levels of sandy continental shelf sediments with fine-grained estuarine and coastal sediments. Iron has little variation in Hudson sediments while manganese is greater in surface sediment of some low-salinity and fresh-water areas than deeper in the sediments, and generally less in the high-salinity area of rapid sediment deposition in New York harbor. Much of the pollutant Cu added to the harbor appears to be rapidly deposited in the sediments. 相似文献
19.
在独流减河入海口附近河道之间的盐沼采用人工探坑侧壁连续取样,获得2个站位的沉积物样品。通过210Pb和137Cs定年法建立年代框架,结合粒度分析、有孔虫鉴定和水文数据,探讨了该区的现代洪水事件沉积。结果表明,该区沉积物的210Pbexc比活度-深度剖面中存在2处明显的低值沉积层,分别在3~6 cm和10~14 cm深度,这2个沉积层分别对应137Cs曲线的次峰和主峰。这两层与上下相邻层位相比呈现粒径较粗、分选较差,有孔虫丰度较低、破损百分比较高的特征。210Pb测年结果显示,137Cs曲线下部的主峰对应的年龄为1963年,与全球性的最大峰值形成时间相对应,而上部的次峰对应的并非1986年切尔诺贝利核泄漏事故形成的次峰。区内水文数据显示,在1963和1996年分别发生了2次较大的洪水事件。因此,推断S4和S5站位剖面中2个特殊的沉积层是由洪水事件造成的。本研究说明高分辨率沉积特征的多指标研究可以较为准确地揭示洪水等灾害性事件发生的年代和频率,这有利于系统地揭露海陆过渡带地区地质历史时期灾害和气候事件的频率和强度,为灾害预防和未来规划提供科学依据。 相似文献
20.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(8):1289-1310
Arctic sea ice can incorporate sediment and associated chemical species during its formation in shallow shelf environments and can also intercept atmospherically transported material during transit. Release of this material in ice ablation areas (e.g. the Fram Strait) enhances fluxes of both sediments and associated species in such areas. We have used a suite of natural (7Be, 210Pb) and anthropogenic (137Cs, 239Pu, 240Pu) radionuclides in sea ice, sea-ice sediments (SIS), sediment trap material and bottom sediments from the Fram Strait to estimate transit times of sea ice from source to ablation areas, calculate radionuclide fluxes to the Fram Strait and investigate the role of sea-ice entrained sediments in sedimentation processes. Sea ice intercepts and transports the atmospherically supplied radionuclides 7Be and 210Pb, which are carried in the ice and are scavenged by any entrained SIS. All of the 7Be and most of the excess 210Pb measured in SIS collected in the Fram Strait are added to the ice during transit through the Arctic Ocean, and we use these radionuclides as chronometers to calculate ice transit times for individual ice floes. Transit times estimated from the 210Pb inventories in two ice cores are 1–3 years. Values estimated from the 7Be/210Pbexcess activity ratio of SIS are about 3–5 years. Finally, equilibrium values of the activity ratio of 210Pb to its granddaughter 210Po in the ice cores indicate transit times of at least 2 years. These transit times are consistent with back-trajectory analyses of the ice floes. The latter, as well as the clay-mineral assemblage of the SIS (low smectite and high illite content), suggest that the sampled sea-ice floes originated from the eastern Siberian Arctic shelf seas such as the eastern Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea. This result is in agreement with the relatively low activities of 239,240Pu and 137Cs and the 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios (∼0.18, equivalent to that in global fallout) in SIS, indicating that prior global atmospheric fallout, rather than nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities, forms the main source of these anthropogenic radionuclides reaching the western Fram Strait at the time of sampling (1999). Transport of radionuclides by sea ice through the Arctic Ocean, either associated with entrained SIS or dissolved in the ice, accounts for a significant flux in ablation areas such as the Fram Strait, up to several times larger than the current atmospheric flux in the area. Calculated fluxes derived from sea-ice melting compare well to fluxes obtained from sediment traps deployed in the Fram Strait and are consistent with inventories in bottom sediments. 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios lower than 0.18 in bottom sediments from the Fram Strait provide evidence that plutonium from a source other than atmospheric fallout has reached the area. Most likely sources of this Pu include tropospheric fallout from atomic weapons testing of the former Soviet Union prior to 1963 and Pu released from nuclear reprocessing facilities, intercepted and transported by sea ice to the ablation areas. Future work is envisaged to more thoroughly understand the actual mechanisms by which radionuclides are incorporated in sea ice, focusing on the quantification of the efficiency of scavenging by SIS and the effect of melting and refreezing processes over the course of several years during transit. 相似文献