共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
斜压海洋动力学的一种三维数值模式──Ⅱ.温度、盐度和垂直涡动粘性系数的计算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据海水温度和盐度平流扩散方程给出一种数值计算方案并采用混合长度理论给出垂直涡动粘性系数的计算方法。对于温度和盐度方程,其平流过程采用了Lax－Wendroff格式,水平扩散采用显格式,垂直扩散采用隐格式。时间步长主要受平流过程的Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy条件限制。垂直涡动粘性系数计算依据Prandtl混合长度理论,并考虑了海水层化的抑制作用,因而其数值与流场及密度场结构有关。温度、盐度及垂直涡动粘性系数的计算与动力方程中内模态的计算同步进行。应用本模式模拟渤、黄、东海由潮流、密度流和风海流迭加而成的综合海流,得出了良好的结果。 相似文献
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研究设计了一种二维和三维嵌套、外模态和内模态分离的水动力学数值模式,既可用于潮汐,也可用于风暴潮的数值计算。该模型对全部海区进行二维计算,对其中重点关心的海区同时进行三维计算。在三维计算区域,采用了内、外模态既分离又耦合的计算技术。数值格式采用全部交错的网格结构,三维模型中垂直方向采用σ-坐标代替通常的z-坐标,垂直涡动粘性系数由混合长度理论确定,垂直粘性项采用隐式差分格式。作为算例,本文对南海北部湾潮波进行了细网格的数值计算。 相似文献
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根据海水温度和盐度平流扩散方程给出一种数值计算方案并采用混合长度理论给出生趣涡动粘性系数的计算方法。对于温度和盐度方程其平流过程采用了Ｌａｘ－Ｗｅｎｄｒｏｆｆ格式,水平扩散彩 显著 式,生趣扩散采用隐格式。 相似文献
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海洋流体动力学的一种交替方向隐式二维数值模式 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文提出一种计算浅海潮汐、风暴潮及其他长周期波动的二维数值模式.动力学方程用建立在交错网格上的二步差分子方程近似,两步均为隐格式,其中一步用于计算水位和x方向速度分量,另一步计算水位和y方向速度分量.两步交替进行以获得每一时间步长的值,该格式具有二阶精度.文章用Von Neumann方法证明了该计算格式的线性差分方程是无条件稳定的.为检验数值模式的可靠性,本文作了一系列数值实验.在有一开边界的长方形平底和斜底水域中以开边界处周期性振动和海面处定常风应力驱动下,数值模拟所得结果与解析解完全一致;在水深不连续,边界封闭的矩形水域中,水位对定常风响应的数值解也与Leendertse模式计算结果完全一致.模式还用于对南海风暴潮进行后报,良好地再现了风暴增水过程. 相似文献
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风暴潮漫滩的半隐半显数值模式及其在珠江口的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究给出了风暴潮漫滩预报的一种半隐半显数值模式,并将其用于珠江口风暴潮漫滩的后报。该模式将风暴潮漫滩的控制方程进行半隐半显离散,使计算稳定性不受时间步长的限制;分别用共轭斜量加速Ｊａｃｏｂｉ法和文中提出的简化算法求解差分方程以提高计算效率。数值模拟试验表明：该模式计算的沿岸风暴潮与天文耦合水位与实测水位值吻合较好,因而对漫滩位置,范围和持续时间的计算应是合理,准确的;因模式允许使用的时间步长比ＡＤ 相似文献
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基于一维阻尼潮波传播方程解析解,从求解数值格式及Heuristic稳定性分析方面,讨论了数值解的精度、计算耗时和摩阻系数选取等问题。研究结果表明:1)Courant数小于1时,潮波方程显格式解的精度略高于隐格式解,计算耗时少于隐格式解;2)为减少计算耗时,潮波方程的隐格式解允许较大的时间步长,但解的精度有所降低,须通过减小底床摩阻系数以保证计算精度;3)隐格式解摩阻系数的选取与Courant数有关,Courant数越大,摩阻系数的选取值比实际值越小,通过理论分析结合数值试验得到了相应的关系式。这些研究结论对实际海域的潮波传播的数值模拟具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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1994年发生在台湾海峡的一次地震海啸的数值模拟 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
建立了一个地震海啸数值模式,模式包含越洋海啸传播部分和近岸海啸变形部分,在越洋海啸传播部分中采用线性浅水方程,使用蛙跃格式求解,并且选择合适的空间步长与时间步长,使差分格式中产生的数值频散与包辛尼斯克方程中的物理频散一致,这样在不影响海啸数值计算精度的前提下,节省了计算机的机时与内存.在近岸海啸变形部分的计算中,考虑了非线性对流项与海底摩擦项.同时该模式采用了多重网格嵌套技术,提高了所关心地区的计算精度.利用这个地震海啸模式模拟了1994年发生在台湾海峡的一次地震海啸,结果与观测记录较吻合.这个模型已用于我国沿海核电站可能最大地震海啸的数值计算. 相似文献
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显式完全平方守恒差分格式在近岸海流数值模拟中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用显式完全平方守恒差分格式及其改进分解算法对南海月平均流和海面起伏进行了数值模拟，与隐式完全平方守恒差分格式相比，计算时间可省３－５倍，具有良好的时间效益，而且，其计算效果不比稳式完全平方守恒差分格式差。因此，显式完全平方守恒差分格式及其改进分解算法具有良好的实用价值。 相似文献
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在中国近海的不少海域曾经发现相当强的内潮现象,例如赵俊生(1992)报道了渤海海峡的内潮现象, Yamashiro(1988)在东海陆坡处亦发现内潮的存在。特别是Amoco石油公司在南海陆坡处进行了一年多的海流测量,测得最大的全日潮流振幅可超过60cm/s,这里正压潮流小于10cm/s,故观测到的潮流主要与内潮有关。迄今关于内潮的数值模式大多将表面潮作为已知输入条件、从而使模式的应用受到较多限制(Jiang and Fang，1992)。Heaps(1983)曾发展了一种自由海面多层模式,但他们忽略了非线性平流项,这无疑也会损失许多有用信息。本文将叙述一种自由海面的多层模式,它能够同时模拟表面潮和内潮,并包含了非线性平流项。 相似文献
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When a steep bottom slope exists, it is well known that conventional methods for calculating horizontal diffusion in sigma-coordinate coastal ocean models causes spurious transport (e.g. salinity, temperature, and sediments) and currents. In this study, a second-order accurate finite-difference algorithm and program have been developed to reduce the spurious numerical diffusion errors. In the proposed algorithm, the finite differencing is performed in the x–z coordinate system to approximate the horizontal gradient. Each variable in the finite differential formation is calculated in the sigma-coordinate grid cells using a second-order Lagrangian interpolation polynomial. In conjunction with a stepwise bottom boundary condition, numerical experiments show that the proposed finite-difference scheme considerably reduces numerical errors compared to conventional approaches when dealing with horizontal diffusion over steep topography, which often occurs in coastal oceans and navigation channels. 相似文献
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《Ocean Modelling》2008,20(1):61-89
This paper focuses on the energy conservation properties of a hydrostatic, Boussinesq, coastal ocean model using a classic finite difference method. It is shown that the leapfrog time-stepping scheme, combined with the sigma-coordinate formalism and the motions of the free surface, prevents the momentum advection from exactly conserving energy. Because of the leapfrog scheme, the discrete form of the kinetic energy depends on the product of velocities at odd and even time steps and thus appears to be possibly negative when high-frequency modes develop. Besides, the study of the energy balance clarifies the numerical choices made for the computation of mixing processes. The time-splitting technique used to reduce the computation costs associated to the resolution of surface waves leads to the well-known external and internal mode equations. We show that these equations do not conserve energy if the coupling of these two modes is forward in time. Even if non-linear terms are negligible, this shortcoming can be significant regarding the pressure gradient term ‘frozen’ over a baroclinic time step. An alternative energy-conserving time-splitting technique is proposed in this paper. Discussion and conclusions are conducted in the light of a set of numerical experiments dedicated to surface and internal gravity waves. 相似文献
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When a steep bottom slope exists, it is well known that conventional methods for calculating horizontal diffusion in sigma-coordinate coastal ocean models causes spurious transport (e.g. salinity, temperature, and sediments) and currents. In this study, a second-order accurate finite-difference algorithm and program have been developed to reduce the spurious numerical diffusion errors. In the proposed algorithm, the finite differencing is performed in the x-z coordinate system to approximate the horizontal gradient. Each variable in the finite differential formation is calculated in the sigma-coordinate grid cells using a second-order Lagrangian interpolation polynomial. In conjunction with a stepwise bottom boundary condition, numerical experiments show that the proposed finite-difference scheme considerably reduces numerical errors compared to conventional approaches when dealing with horizontal diffusion over steep topography, which often occurs in coastal oceans and navigation channels. 相似文献
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A spatial fixed σ-coordinate is used to transform the Navier–Stokes equations from the sea bed to the still water level. In the fixed σ-coordinate system only a very small number of vertical grid points are required for the numerical model. The time step for using the spatial fixed σ-coordinate is efficiently larger than that of using a time dependent σ-coordinate, as there is substantial truncation error involved in the time dependent σ-coordinate transformation. There is no need to carry out the σ-coordinate transformation at each time step, which can reduce computational times. It is important that wave breaking can be potentially modeled in the fixed σ-coordinate system, but in a time-dependent σ-coordinate system the wave breaking cannot be modeled. A projection method is used to separate advection and diffusion terms from the pressure terms in Navier–Stokes equations. The pressure variable is further separated into hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures so that the computer rounding errors can be largely avoided. In order to reduce computational time of solving the hydrodynamic pressure equation, at every time step the initial pressure is extrapolated in time domain using computed pressures from previous time steps, and then corrected in spatial domain using a multigrid method. For each time step, only a few of iterations (typically six iterations) are required for solving the pressure equation. The model is tested against available experimental data for regular and irregular waves and good agreement between calculation results and the measured data has been achieved. 相似文献
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《Ocean Modelling》2010,35(3-4):63-69
A numerical closure scheme has been developed to introduce dissipation processes in particular for the vertical movement of internal tides. This scheme is based on the assumption that a vertically oscillating water mass disturbs the pressure field and feels the viscosity from its neighborhood at the same time. The horizontal viscosity term, referred in this paper as the internal-tide viscosity (ITV) term, is retained in the vertical movement equation, which introduces a quasi-hydrostatic assumption. Therefore, a new expression of the total perturbation pressure has been derived. By applying this expression in a 5′ × 5′ z-coordinate regional ocean model, the results show great improvements. With consideration of the ITV-term, the numerically enhanced vertical movement locally near a ridge has been damped in a z-coordinate system, and the propagation of internal tides away from the ridge has been converted into a more reasonable dissipative mode. With the tunable parameter Cw equals to 0.2, the values of the simulated vertical velocity have been reduced to approximately 50%. And the simulated thermocline structure has been preserved, as well. 相似文献
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A continuously stratified, linear two mode numerical model has been developed. The model incorporates a free surface and finite amplitude topography.The vertical dependence in the equations is removed by applying a Galerkin procedure which uses the normal modes as test functions. The vertical structure is therefore determined by the normal modes.In order to find a suitable efficient numerical scheme to solve the equations a fairly general phase and stability analysis is carried out for the one dimensional gravity wave equations. The A.D.I. scheme was found to be the most suitable scheme.The model is applied to coastal upwelling. A number of two dimensional (x, z) experiments have been carried out. The advantage of the two mode model above the two layer models is that considerable detail of the vertical structure is readily obtained and that no difficulties with the intersection of interfaces with the topography or the seasurface are present. A three dimensional (x, y, z) test run was done for a region along the south western coast of Africa. The results of this experiment are discussed. 相似文献
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HAN Lei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(7):12-20
A time splitting technique is common to many free surface ocean models. The different truncation errors in the equations of the internal and external modes require a numerical adjustment to make sure that algorithms correctly satisfy continuity equations and conserve tracers quantities. The princeton ocean model （POM） has applied a simple method of adjusting the vertical mean of internal velocities to external velocities at each internal time step. However, due to the Asselin time filter method adopted to prevent the numerical instability, the method of velocity adjustment used in POM can no longer guarantee the satisfaction of the continuity equation in the internal mode, though a special treatment is used to relate the surface elevation of the internal mode with that of the external mode. The error is proved to be a second-order term of the coefficient in the Asselin filter. One influence of this error in the numerical model is the failure of the kinetic boundary condition at the sea floor. By a regional experiment and a quasi-global experiment, the magni- tudes of this error are evaluated, and several sensitivity tests of this error are performed. The characteristic of this error is analyzed and two alternative algorithms are suggested to reduce the error. 相似文献