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1.
急性低氧胁迫对军曹鱼大规格幼鱼血液生化指标的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了研究军曹鱼在急性低氧应激时体内物质代谢和组织器官机能状态变化,分别测定低氧胁迫前后血液生化指标的含量。结果表明:(1)急性低氧胁迫后,军曹鱼血清电解质含量呈不同程度升高,其中钠、氯和钙离子浓度与胁迫前差异极显著(P<0.01);钾离子浓度与胁迫前无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2)急性低氧胁迫后,军曹鱼血清肝功能指标变化情况各异。其中,白蛋白含量与胁迫前略有降低,谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性与胁迫前略有上升,但差异均不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),总蛋白含量显著低于胁迫前(P<0.05),白蛋白和球蛋白比值则显著高于胁迫前(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶极显著低于胁迫前(P<0.01)。(3)急性低氧胁迫后,军曹鱼血清葡萄糖和肌酐浓度均呈升高的变化,且与胁迫前差异极显著(P<0.01)。(4)急性低氧胁迫后,血清肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性均呈升高变化,肌酸激酶活性与胁迫前差异显著(P<0.05),乳酸脱氢酶活性与胁迫前差异极显著(P<0.01)。(5)低氧胁迫后,军曹鱼血脂指标变化情况各异,其中总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白浓度呈极显著降低的变化(P<0.01),低密度脂蛋白浓度呈显著升高的变化(P<0.05),甘油三酯浓度略有升高,但不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究表明,急性低氧胁迫后,军曹鱼大部分血液生化指标发生显著性变化,预示着肝脏、肾脏及心脏组织造成损伤,使其机能出现紊乱。  相似文献   

2.
皮质醇是衡量鱼类应激状况的重要参考指标,从血液中检测皮质醇的常规方法会对鱼造成严重伤害甚至致其死亡。本实验室开发了一种从水中检测皮质醇的技术,应用该技术比较了大黄鱼高温处理组(28℃)和对照组(20℃)血清与水样中皮质醇含量的变化,结果显示血清与水样皮质醇的检测结果具有高度的一致性,且相关性显著(P 0.05),说明通过测定水样中的皮质醇来代替血清中的皮质醇是可行的。为进一步验证该方法的效果,我们又比较了机械应激前后水样中皮质醇含量变化,结果显示机械胁迫也导致了皮质醇含量的显著升高(P 0.01)。本技术的建立可为大黄鱼养殖过程中应激状态的无创检测提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
急性热应激对大菱鲆血液生化指标的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探讨大菱鲆(Scophthalmusmaximus)大规格幼鱼热耐受性和热应激过程中敏感指标的变化,本研究设定18℃、21℃、24℃和27℃4个温度梯度,采用1℃/h的升温速率,对驯化温度为18±1℃的苗种进行96 h急性胁迫实验,统计各温度组96 h成活率和测定血浆部分生化指标的变化情况。结果表明,在pH 7.85、盐度29.5和溶解氧高于6.5 mg/L的环境条件下,平均体质量183.65±15.99 g的大菱鲆幼鱼96h高起始致死温度(UILT50)为28.05℃;温度和胁迫时间对血浆肾上腺素(EPI)、皮质醇(Cortisol)、血糖(GLU)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量/活性都存在显著影响,除GSH外,温度和胁迫时间存在显著的交互影响作用;热应激组血浆EPI含量随胁迫时间延长呈逐渐上升趋势,同一胁迫时间以21℃组含量最高;热应激组Cortisol含量的响应时间随温度升高相应提前、随胁迫时间呈先升后降的趋势,均在48 h达最高值; 24℃和27℃组GLU含量随胁迫时间呈先升后降趋势,胁迫3h~6h即达最高值,上升幅度与温度正相关,21℃组则呈逐渐升高的趋势;热应激组GSH含量和SOD活性仅在胁迫初期(0 h~3 h)与对照组存在显著差异;热应激组AKP活性处理12 h显著低于对照组, 48 h后则显著高于对照组,且升高幅度与温度呈正相关。  相似文献   

4.
鱼类肠道应激及其损伤防护研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
"应激"是动物机体在外界环境或身体内部产生异常刺激时做出的各种生理应答反应的总和,它直接影响着鱼类的代谢、生长和免疫等多方面。肠道是鱼类消化吸收营养物质的重要场所,是"最大的免疫器官",也是鱼类与外界环境联系最紧密的部位之一。肠道的结构与功能正常与否直接关系到鱼类个体的健康。本文综述了应激对鱼类肠道组织形态及肠道菌群的影响,以及热应激蛋白、益生菌和益生元等在鱼类肠道损伤防护作用方面的研究进展,以期为深入研究鱼类肠道应激损伤防护机制提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
实验检测在不同浓度的盐胁迫及不同的胁迫时间下,海滨香豌豆叶片内脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖三种成份含量的变化。得出:脯氨酸含量随盐胁迫浓度和胁迫时间变化呈现一定的正相关;可溶性蛋白则呈相对比较稳定的趋势;而可溶性糖则呈无规则变化。这些结果表明,在以上三指标中,脯氨酸对盐胁迫起主要的调节作用。  相似文献   

6.
脂肪是原生质的组成成分之一,也是能量代谢的重要原料。鱼类对栖息环境条件变化的适应及其本身的各个生命阶段新陈代谢的变化,必然在脂肪的代谢上有所反映。 把鱼类含脂量的变化,作为一项生态-生理学指标与鱼类的生物学状况和环境条件联系起来,在渔业生物学研究中应用,已经取得了一些成果。近20年来,许多学者已经证明,鱼类含脂量的变化与鱼类的行动、成活率和数量变化等有着密切的关系,也是饵料保障的较好指标。而有关大黄鱼含脂量变化的研究,则至今尚未见有报道。 本文主要对大黄鱼肌肉和肝的含脂量的个体变化与季节变化进行一些分析,并对肥满系数与含脂量的关系,大黄鱼合理捕捞期等问题做了初步讨论。这将对渔业资源的合理利用以及种群生态学的研究提供资料。  相似文献   

7.
为了探究aquaporin基因家族成员在松江鲈(Trachidermus fasciatus)应对低盐胁迫过程中的调节作用,本研究选取7个Aquaporin基因(aqp1、aqp4、aqp7、aqp8、aqp10、aqp11和aqp12)为目标基因,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了鳃、肠、肾和肝组织中7个基因在两种低盐胁迫处理下不同时间点(0 h、12 h、24 h和48 h)的表达水平。在两种低盐胁迫处理下,aqp4在松江鲈鳃、肝和肠组织中无表达,aqp7在鳃、肝组织中无表达。此外,其他aqp基因在四个组织中的表达量变化趋势具有显著差异。除肾组织中aqp12和肠组织中的aqp7、aqp8aqp10之外,特定组织中aquaporin基因在两种低盐胁迫下呈现相似的表达量变化趋势。本研究通过比较分析了aquaporin基因在松江鲈应对不同低盐胁迫时表达变化规律的异同,相关结果为探讨这一家族成员在鱼类应激调节过程中的作用及洄游性鱼类适应盐度变化的分子调控机制提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
拥有强大的渗透压调节能力对广盐性鱼类的生存至关重要。目前,关于鱼类渗透压调节机制已有不少研究,但均存在较大的局限性。本文从广盐性鱼类渗透压信号转导机制、渗透胁迫的细胞调控机制、渗透调控的内分泌调节机制和无机离子通道和转运蛋白介导的渗透调控等方面对广盐性鱼类的渗透压适应性和生理可塑性机制进行分析,以期从分子、细胞、通路和生理等层次初步探索广盐性鱼类盐度胁迫后的可塑性表型变化和不同盐度条件下的应答机制,为广盐性鱼类的渗透压调节机制的深入研究奠定基础。对广盐性鱼类渗透压适应性与生理可塑性机制研究,有助于研究其环境适应机理,促进野生鱼种的人工化养殖以及新品种的育种从而提高经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,对促进水产养殖学进步以及养殖业的发展具有重要意义,同时,为研究广盐性鱼类的渗透压调节机制开辟新的研究方向。  相似文献   

9.
为探究银鲳(Pampus argenteus)应对高温胁迫的生理响应及其相关基因表达研究,本研究设置4个温度组:对照组26℃和实验组28、30、32℃。并对银鲳的肝、肾和鳃的组织结构、肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶的相对活性变化和丙二醛含量变化以及hsp70基因的相对表达量的变化进行了研究。结果显示:(1)随温度的上升,3种组织的组织结构损伤程度逐步加深,且肝、鳃组织表现更为明显且复杂;(2)高温显著影响了银鲳抗氧化酶活性,短期热胁迫时,银鲳对28℃能逐步适应,而在30℃和32℃高温胁迫下,则会对银鲳机体产生不可逆的损伤;(3)随应激时间的延长,不同温度下hsp70基因的表达量均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,均在0.5天时显著升高并达到峰值,之后迅速回落。研究表明:短期热胁迫时,银鲳对28℃能逐步适应,而在30℃下,胁迫将对其产生严重损伤;32℃高温胁迫下,银鲳表现出强烈的应激响应,胁迫对其造成致命损伤。  相似文献   

10.
由于过度捕捞等人类活动的胁迫,近年来海州湾渔业资源严重衰退。为了解海州湾鱼类β多样性的变化特征及其影响因素,本研究根据2013?2017年秋季在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,采用S?renson相异性指数等方法计算了调查站位间以及海州湾海域整体的鱼类β多样性,并将β多样性分解为周转和嵌套两个组分,分析其时空变化特征。结合海州湾环境数据,采用广义非相似性模型分析海州湾鱼类β多样性及其组分与环境因子的关系。结果表明,海州湾鱼类β多样性及其周转和嵌套组分在年际间呈现不同程度的波动态势,浅水区的波动较为明显,深水区其次,海州湾整体则维持在较为稳定的状态;鱼类群落组成以周转模式变化。海水盐度和叶绿素a浓度是影响β多样性及其周转的主要因素,两者累计的模型偏差解释率分别为28.05%和23.33%,温度的影响相对较小;广义非相似性模型对嵌套组分的解释率较低。本研究深入解析了海州湾鱼类β多样性的时空特征及其影响因素,旨在为建立海洋保护区、优化海洋保护策略提供科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
Species composition, richness and abundance of the fish assemblage were studied over six different inshore macrohabitats in the southern part of the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea) using the visual counts technique. Fifteen environmental variables were taken into consideration in order to determine microhabitat preferences of fish species, using canonical correspondence analysis and electivity indices. The results suggest that the structure of the fish assemblage in shallow habitats is affected by a large number of interplaying factors. Depth, type of bottom and vegetation cover – incorporating both abiotic and biotic variables – are some of the factors responsible for coastal fish distribution. Microhabitat preferences for 29 fish species are presented in the depth range from 0.5 to 3 m.  相似文献   

12.
In both laboratory experiments and field investigations with fish a large interanimal variability in CYP1A expression has been observed which may be attributed to variations in environmental inducer exposure and/or inducer response. We are carrying out laboratory investigations to assess the contribution of a potential genetic component in inducer response of flounder (Platichthy sflesus) CYP1A to PCB exposure and in this paper we report development of a sensitive quantitative RT-PCR procedure (real time PCR) where accumulation of the intercalated dye SYBR Green I is followed during cycling. Preliminary experiments using this procedure with artificially reared Arochlor 1254-treated flounders showed large interanimal differences in response for a single family group indicating that variability does have a genetic basis.  相似文献   

13.
The increasing emphasis on the assessment and monitoring of estuarine ecosystems has highlighted the need to deploy appropriate biological indices for these locations. Fish diseases and histopathology, with a broad range of causes, are increasingly being used as indicators of environmental stress since they provide a definite biological end-point of historical exposure. This study reports on the histopathological alterations observed in selected organs and tissues of three species of estuarine fish (Platichthys flesus, Pomatoschistus minutus and Zoarces viviparus), captured from four British estuaries (the Tyne, Tees, Mersey and Alde), differently impacted by contaminants, including PAHs. A biannual sampling regime was used to identify the important seasonal variations that occur in terms of the observed biological effects. Inflammatory lesions and hepatocellular fibrillar inclusions attained their highest prevalence in P. flesus captured from the Tyne, Tees and Mersey. The presence of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic toxicopathic lesions was highest in P. flesus captured from these sites, when compared to fish from the Aide reference site. In particular, the prevalence of hepatic foci of cellular alteration (up to 43.3%) and hepatocellular adenoma (up to 10%) were highest in P. flesus captured from the Mersey estuary. Intersex (ovotestis) was only recorded in male P.flesus captured from the Mersey estuary (up to 8.3%) and from male Z. viviparous captured from the Tyne estuary (25%). Pathologies associated with the gill and the kidney were also most prevalent in fish captured from the Tyne, Tees and Mersey estuaries. This study has successfully applied histopathology to an estuarine monitoring program, both for the recording of toxicopathic lesions in the liver and other organs, and for the detection of the endpoint of endocrine disruption, intersex. As such, it provides a powerful integrative tool for the assessment of biological effects of contaminants in these environments.  相似文献   

14.
中国多金属结核开辟区仔稚鱼的分布特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用 1 997年~ 1 999年“大洋一号”调查船在中国多金属结核开辟区用邦哥网所采集的样品 ,对仔稚鱼的种类组成、密度的平面分布和年间变化及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明 :中国开辟区共有 2 2科 6 1种仔稚鱼 ,其中大洋性发光鱼类灯笼鱼科的种类最多 ,达1 7种 ,约占总种类数的 2 8% ,其次是钻光鱼科 (6种 )、金枪鱼科 (6种 )和拟白鲑科 (5种 ) ,分别约占总种类数的 1 0 %、 1 0 %和 8%。东、西两区的种类组成有较大的差异 ,共有种仅为 1 7种 ,东区种类数 (48种 )明显多于西区种类数 (3 0种 )。仔稚鱼的密度有明显的空间和时间变化 ,东区仔稚鱼的密度高于西区 ,东区 1 999年仔稚鱼的密度约为 1 997年的 5倍 ,西区 1 999年仔稚鱼的密度约为 1 998年的 3倍。仔稚鱼密度的年间变化可能与 El Nino事件有关  相似文献   

15.
Estimating diversity of modular organisms may be problematic due to actual difficulties in discriminating between 'individuals' and quantifying their abundances. Quantitative data, when available, are collected through methods that could preclude the application of classical diversity indices, making comparisons among studies difficult. Taxonomic distinctness indices, such as the 'Average Taxonomic Distinctness' (Δ+) and the 'Variation in Taxonomic Distinctness' (Λ+) may represent suitable tools in investigating diversity beyond the simple species number. The potential usefulness of such indices has been explored almost exclusively on unitary organisms, neglecting modular ones. In this study, we employed Δ+ and Λ+ to analyse patterns of diversity of epiphytic hydroid assemblages living on Cystoseira seaweeds at a hierarchy of spatial scales, along 800 km of rocky coast (SE Italy). ANOVA on species richness and Λ+ showed no significant difference in sample diversity at the investigated spatial scales. In contrast, there were significant differences at the scale of 10s of km in Δ+. Analyses based on simulations detected significant variations at all spatial scales in Δ+. Such findings underline the potential of Δ+ in highlighting relevant spatial scales of variation in patterns of hydroid diversity. Our results also suggest that the interplay between natural environmental variations and the complex ecological traits of modular organisms might affect taxonomic distinctness indices. We stress the need for further investigations focusing on modular organisms before any generalizations on the use of taxonomic relatedness measures in examining marine biodiversity can be made.  相似文献   

16.
Contemporary fish provisioning, in the era of globalization, is linking distant locations through the catchments and consumption of fish, and as more and more fish stocks are coming under threat there are unprecedented challenges emerging for environmental governance. The conventional nation-state-based regulatory arrangements of the past are becoming inadequate and in response alternative arrangements emerge. This article will compare two of these innovative fish governance arrangements addressing problems of sustainability, notably the Marine Stewardship Council and the WTO. This comparison provides support for the claim that environmental governance of global fish provision puts the traditional notions of ownership and sovereignty under pressure, while simple alternative governance arrangements are not (yet) available.  相似文献   

17.
黄河口及附近海域鱼卵和仔鱼种类组成及分布特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
刘霜  张继民  冷宇 《海洋通报》2011,30(6):662-667
根据2009年5月和8月2个航次对黄河口及附近海域18个站位的鱼卵和仔鱼调查资料,对该水域鱼卵仔鱼的种类组成和数量分布特征进行了分析和探讨.结果表明,鱼卵仔鱼的种类组成和数量分布呈现明显的季节变化特征;春季鱼卵仔鱼种类数高于夏季,平面分布范围大于夏季,主要优势种季节更替明显;与历史同期资料相比,鱼卵仔鱼种类和数量大幅下...  相似文献   

18.
Little is known about long-term changes in estuarine fish populations and related environmental variations. Fishes in the temporarily open/closed East Kleinemonde Estuary were sampled bi-annually, in summer and winter, using seine and gill nets between December 1994 and July 2005. A total of 18 families, represented by 33 species, were recorded. The 10 most abundant species caught were consistently recorded in catches each year, but CPUE of individual species varied on an annual basis and this can often be related to mouth state. Multivariate analyses of the annual marine fish community identified two distinct groups, with more species recorded during years that succeeded spring (September to November) mouth-opening events than in years following no mouth-opening events in spring. Interannual community stability (IMD) and seriation (IMS) also increased from the years following no opening events in spring to the years that succeeded spring opening events. These results highlight the importance of the timing of mouth opening to the marine fish community in a temporarily open/closed estuary. This study reinforces the importance of long-term studies to understanding community changes in estuaries caused by environmental variations over different time scales.  相似文献   

19.
The fish cage design requires accurate predictions of long-term extreme loads and responses. Compared with the time-consuming full long-term analysis method integrating all the probability distribution of the short-term extremes,the environmental contour method gains much attention in predicting the long-term extreme values due to the less computational effort. This paper investigates the long-term extreme response of a fish cage using the environmental contour method. The fish cage is numerically simulated based on the lumped-mass method and the curved beam theory. Based on the one-dimensional(1D) and two-dimensional(2D) environmental contour, the extreme responses,including the surge and heave motions, mooring force, and vertical bending of the floater, are predicted for different return periods and compared with the full long-term analysis results. Results indicate that the 1D method greatly underestimates the extreme values. The 2D environmental contour method with a higher percentile level, namely90%, provides reasonable estimations and seems to be suitable for the long-term value analysis. Sensitivity studies show that the mooring arrangement and the bending stiffness have great effects on the bending moment and the mooring force and the mooring line pre-tension has minor effects on the fish cage response.  相似文献   

20.
Nrf2参与水生动物氧化应激调控的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
环境变化会诱导机体活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)水平升高,从而产生氧化应激。氧化应激对所有生物的生存、生长、发育和进化都具有深远的影响。核因子E2相关因子2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, Nrf2)被公认为细胞氧化应激调控的主导者,与伴侣蛋白Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1 (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, Keap1)一起控制数百个解毒酶和抗氧化蛋白编码基因的表达。近年来, Nrf2在水生动物中逐渐获得重视,并在一些模式鱼类如斑马鱼、鲤鱼及其他一些鱼类和水生无脊椎动物中得到研究。介绍了Nrf2的结构以及调控机制,回顾了近年来水生动物Nrf2通路参与氧化应激调控所取得的进展。研究表明, Nrf2在水生动物中广泛存在,在非生物(金属、有机污染物、无机盐、药物及微塑料等)、生物(细菌、病毒、有毒藻类)以及生境变化(冰融、盐胁迫)诱导的氧化应激调控中发挥重要作用。Nrf2一经激活入核,在小Maf蛋白的协助下与抗氧化反应元件(antioxidant-responseelement,ARE)结合,启动一系列ARE驱动基因的表达,并和孕烷X受体(pregnane X receptor, Pxr)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)以及芳烃受体(arylhydrocarbonreceptor,AhR)等细胞通路协同作用参与一系列生理过程。Nrf2在水生动物响应环境变化过程中发挥重要的细胞保护机制,有望发展成为抗逆育种潜在的基因靶点。  相似文献   

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