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1.
温度、盐度、光照强度和pH对海洋原甲藻增长的效应   总被引:25,自引:2,他引:23  
采用微量移液稀释法对海洋原甲藻进行无菌培养,以研究温度、盐度、光照强度和pH对海洋原甲藻增长的效应。结果表明,海洋原甲藻最大增殖速率发生在温度为(25±1)℃、盐度为31、光照强度为3000lx、pH为8.0的环境条件下。海洋原甲藻在温度18—28℃、盐度为25—34、光照强度为1000—6500lx、pH为7.5—8.3范围内适宜生长。这一结果与观测到的海洋原甲藻赤潮发生时环境条件相近,其中温度的效应最为明显。  相似文献   

2.
在无菌条件下,单种培养具齿原甲藻以研究温度和盐度对其生长的影响。实验设计了5个温度梯度和6个盐度梯度,并计算了不同培养条件下藻细胞在指数生长期的比生长率。实验结果表明:具齿原甲藻生长的最适温、盐范围分别为22℃和25~31。温度对藻类生长的影响比盐度的要明显得多,而且藻生长的最适盐度有随着温度升高向低盐度偏移的趋势。同时,实验研究了同样条件下中肋骨条藻的生长情况,并与具齿原甲藻进行了比较,以试图探讨东海大规模爆发具齿原甲藻赤潮的原因。  相似文献   

3.
采用半连续培养方法研究了温度和营养盐(N和P)限制对中国东海2种重要赤潮生物东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻生长及种间竞争的影响。结果表明,东海原甲藻在20℃和25℃时生长状态良好,具有明显的指数增长期,15℃时细胞生长明显受到影响;中肋骨条藻具有较广的温度适应性,15~25℃时均具有明显的指数增长期。东海原甲藻可以忍受低营养盐环境并种群增长,而中肋骨条藻细胞增长需要较丰富的营养盐。在营养盐充足的环境里中肋骨条藻具有竞争优势,相反,在营养盐限制的环境中,东海原甲藻是竞争的优胜者。实验结果与东海原甲藻赤潮爆发现场的环境调查结果基本一致,可以作为解释东海原甲藻赤潮形成原因的依据。  相似文献   

4.
东海原甲藻cDNA文库构建及尝试性EST分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
东海原甲藻(Prorocentrumdonghaiense)是中国沿海频繁发生的大规模赤潮的原因种之一,大规模分离鉴定东海原甲藻功能基因是理解东海原甲藻赤潮形成过程和机理的重要基础。取对数生长期藻体,经微量总RNA抽提、cDNA合成、cDNA扩增和克隆等步骤,构建了东海原甲藻cDNA文库并进行了尝试性表达序列标签分析。从含有约5000个转化子的文库中随机取150个测序,获得126条EST序列。经网上BlastN及BlastX分析,共发现11个是已知功能的基因的标签。这些基因与东海原甲藻生长发育、物质转换和能量代谢相关。  相似文献   

5.
甲藻赤潮与水体中营养盐的关系初探   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
林昱 《台湾海峡》2001,20(1):77-79
作者在国家海洋局第三海洋研究所的陆基水池中,应用围隔实验技术,排除了水动力、盐度等环境因子的变动性的干扰,人工诱发甲藻赤潮.在这个围隔实验的两个围隔体中,分别发生了一种裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)和海洋原甲藻(Prorocentum micans)的赤潮.在赤潮发生和发展过程中所监测到的营养盐数据表明有些甲藻增殖不一定需要水体中高营养盐;营养盐供给的多寡会导致甲藻赤潮优势种的差异和赤潮规模.  相似文献   

6.
温度、盐度和光照对一株有毒利玛原甲藻生长的影响研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对一株利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima Dodge),应用小鼠生物测试法和高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析方法对其毒性和毒素成分进行了初步分析,并通过多因子实验,研究了温度、盐度和光照强度等环境因子对利玛原甲藻生长的影响.分析结果显示,这株利玛原甲藻能够产生大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)和鳍藻毒素1(Dinophysistoxin 1,DTX1)等腹泻性贝-毒-(Diarrhetic Shellfish Poison,DSP).多因素方差分析结果表明,在实验条件范围内(温度为18、21和24℃;盐度为28、32和36;光照强度为2500、5 000和7 500 lx),利玛原甲藻的生长受盐度影响显著(P<0.05),而温度和光照强度对利玛原甲藻的生长没有显著影响.温度和光照强度及温度和盐度之间的交互作用对利玛原甲藻的比增长率也有显著影响(P<0.05).根据实验结果,这株利玛原甲藻生长的最适条件为:温度18℃,盐度28,光照强度7 500 lx.  相似文献   

7.
近年来,东海原甲藻赤潮在我国东海近岸海域频繁发生。本研究利用生物-物理耦合模型对发生于2005年的东海原甲藻赤潮进行后报模拟,并对控制其起始与发展的因素展开研究。该模型由东海原甲藻种群动力学模型与多层嵌套的水动力模型组合。通过对比模拟结果与室内实验结果,证实种群动力学模型能够很好地重现东海原甲藻在不同光照与磷营养限制条件下的生长过程,同时能够再现藻细胞内部磷含量及藻类对外部营养盐浓度的影响。耦合模型能够较好地再现模拟海域水动力(见Sun et al.,2016)与东海原甲藻赤潮的时空分布。模拟的赤潮发展过程与此前研究中的观测结果一致,且模拟结果表明模型能够捕捉到赤潮初期种群的次表层孕育现象。随后模拟结果被用于诊断决定赤潮垂直分布的决定性因素,结果表明磷酸盐是控制这一现象的关键因素。同时,表层风场在决定赤潮的分布中扮演着重要角色。模拟结果强调了营养盐限制在东海原甲藻次表层孕育及消散过程中的作用,本文所建立的耦合模型需要进一步优化并应用于其它条件下东海原甲藻赤潮的研究中。  相似文献   

8.
温度、盐度及pH对斜带石斑鱼受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响   总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28  
比较观察了不同温度(20、22、24、26、28、30和32℃)、不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40和45)及不同pH(5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0和9.5)下斜带石斑鱼Epinephelus coioides受精卵的培育周期、孵化周期、孵化率和畸形率。在以上各种条件下对斜带石斑鱼初孵仔鱼进行耐饥饿试验,测定其不投饵存活系数(Survival activity index,SAI)。结果表明,斜带石斑鱼受精卵孵化的适宜温度范围是24—30℃,最适温度范围是24—26℃;受精卵孵化的适宜盐度范围是15—45,最适盐度范围是20—30;受精卵孵化的适宜pH范围是5.5—8.5,最适pH范围是6.5—7.5。仔鱼生存的适宜温度范围是24—32℃,最适温度范围是24—26℃;仔鱼生存的适宜盐度为10—40,最适生存盐度为15—30;仔鱼生存的适宜pH是5.5—9.0,而最适pH是7.0—8.5。斜带石斑鱼受精卵和仔鱼对以上3种环境因子的耐受范围基本相同。  相似文献   

9.
赤潮藻类温度生态幅的定量表达模型研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
首先在Moisan的温度和比生长率关系基础上,依据Shelford耐受性定律,建立了赤潮藻类温度生态幅(最适温度、适温范围、耐受范围)的定量表达模型。同时,依据此模型可定量导出赤潮藻类的生物学零度。其次,结合实验培养数据,建立了东海原甲藻比生长率的温度响应模式,并利用研究结果定量得到该藻种的温度生态幅,这与已有的实验研究和现场监测结果有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

10.
微塑料是海洋中的一种污染物,近年来已成为全球关注的热点环境问题。东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)是我国东海海域常见的有害赤潮藻,目前尚未有关于微塑料污染对东海原甲藻影响研究的报道。为了探讨聚苯乙烯(PS)微塑料对东海原甲藻生长的影响机制,阐明海洋微塑料对东海原甲藻生长的影响,本研究开展了东海原甲藻在聚苯乙烯微塑料差异化暴露条件下的生长动力学室内模拟实验。结果显示:①5 mg/L溶解性有机质(DOM)可促进东海原甲藻的生长;②10 mg/L(0.1 μm粒径)的聚苯乙烯微塑料对东海原甲藻前期生长的影响,表现为先抑制、后促进;③聚苯乙烯微塑料会抑制处于稳定期和衰退期东海原甲藻的生长;微塑料粒径越小、浓度越高抑制作用越强;浓度的抑制效应强于粒径的。我们研究发现聚苯乙烯微塑料会影响东海原甲藻的生长,这将为微塑料和赤潮藻复合污染生态效应以及海洋生态系统保护提供新的科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
Effects of the North American polychaete Marenzelleria cf. viridis on a simple shallow-water benthic community of the northern Baltic Sea were studied in a field experiment combining natural densities of dominating macrofaunal species. The presence of M. cf. viridis increased benthic production (chlorophyll a) and reduced the survival of the native polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Adult Macoma balthica caused a significant mortality on M. cf. viridis whereas adult Cerastoderma glaucum had no effect on M. cf. viridis. We suggest that the competitive interactions between M. cf. viridis and M. balthica are a possible key factor determining the distribution pattern of M. cf. viridis in the Baltic Sea.  相似文献   

12.
This study represents the first in situ assessment of seagrasses in the Union of the Comoros. The presence of the following 10 species (ranked in order of abundance) was confirmed: Thalassia hemprichii, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halodule wrightii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, Zostera capensis and Enhalus acoroides. Seagrasses occurred in large, continuous beds in the shallow waters at the northern and southern tips of Grande Comore Island and around the Bimbini Peninsula on western Anjouan Island, but were sparsely distributed throughout the shallow waters surrounding Mohéli Island.  相似文献   

13.
To refine the previous hypothesis of turbulent energy spectrum (Nan-niti, 1970), further theoretical consideration and a simple experiment using electric fans was carried out. From the hypothesis ofq=δε/δk andεq=const., the following relations are derived for the spectrumF, and the autocorrelation functionR:F(k)k −(5−2α)/3 andR(t)∼1−(t/τ)2(1−α)/3, whereq is the local energy supply,ε the energy dissipation rate, andk the wavenumber,t the time,τ the lifetime of the largest eddy. The following further relations are also obtained:εl −α,vl β,vτ γ andγ=(1−α)/(2+α)=β/(1−β), wherel is the length scale of the phenomenon,v turbulent velocity,α=1/2,β=1/6, andγ=1/5. The experimental results support these relations.  相似文献   

14.
The distributions of Stegodexamene anguillae and Telogaster opisthorchis in Anguilla dieffenbachii and A. australis studied over two years are described. Peak occurrence of S. anguillae was in the anterior intestine, declining posteriorly, except for mature flukes under crowded conditions in A. dieffenbachii which predominated in the mid intestine, declining anteriorly and posteriorly. Peak occurrence of T. opisthorchis was in the rectum of A. australis and posterior intestine of A. dieffenbachii; occurrence declined anteriorly. Distributions appeared to be maintained by selective site segregation. Flukes moved down the tract, with or without subsequent loss, in both host species held live or examined after death. T. opisthorchis were lost before S. anguillae, and the larger mature flukes of both parasite species were lost before the less mobile immature flukes. Fluke loss from electric‐fished A. dieffenbachii was more rapid than from netted A. australis. Chilling and freezing retarded movement in, and evacuation from, dead hosts.  相似文献   

15.
为比较短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)对不同生物饵料的利用效果,以南美白对虾、肉球近方蟹、菲律宾蛤仔和玉筋鱼四种饵料进行了饲喂实验。结果表明:1)肉球近方蟹组短蛸增重率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),南美白对虾组脏体比显著高于玉筋鱼组(P<0.05),各饵料组肝体比无显著差异;2)南美白对虾组和肉球近方蟹组短蛸肌肉的蛋白质含量显著高于菲律宾蛤仔组和玉筋鱼组(P<0.05),肉球近方蟹组脂肪含量显著高于其余各组(P<0.05),玉筋鱼组灰分含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);3)南美白对虾组短蛸肝胰腺谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.05),肉球近方蟹组谷草转氨酶活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.05),玉筋鱼组谷氨酸脱氢酶活性显著低于其余各组(P<0.05),菲律宾蛤仔组酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.05),玉筋鱼组胃蛋白酶活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。综上,投喂肉球近方蟹可以显著提高短蛸的增重率;不同饵料对短蛸肌肉的蛋白质、脂肪和灰分含量有影响,对其肝胰腺功能和胃蛋白酶活性也有显著影响。  相似文献   

16.
随着海上钻井数量的逐年增加、钻井液的使用量迅速增加,与之相关的环境危害引起了广泛关注,因此有必要筛选合适的毒性测试生物和开发环境友好的钻井液。本研究中,按照ISO11348-1(2007)、GB/T21805-2008和GB/T18420.2-2009的毒性测试方法,采用标准的海洋测试生物:发光细菌(Vibrio fischeri)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、诸氏鲻虾虎鱼(Mugilogobius chulae)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)、卤虫(Artemia)、蒙古裸腹溞(Moina mongolica),研究了钻井废液特征污染物(苯酚、七水硫酸锌、氯化汞)以及参比毒物十二烷基硫酸钠(Sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)的急性毒性效应。结果表明,钻井液特征污染物对6种海洋生物的急性毒性效应有所不同:Hg2+对海洋生物表现为极高毒性,Zn2+、SDS表现为中、高毒性,苯酚表现为中、低毒性;6种海洋生物对4种特征污染物的敏感性顺序为:蒙古裸腹溞 > 诸氏鲻虾虎鱼 > 卤虫 > 凡纳滨对虾 > 发光细菌 > 牟氏角毛藻;诸氏鲻虾虎鱼与卤虫、凡纳滨对虾种间毒性相关性显著,蒙古裸腹溞与发光细菌、凡纳滨对虾种间毒性相关性显著。上述研究结果为环保型海洋钻井液开发和钻井废液生物毒性评价中受试生物的选择提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

17.
We examined whether adults of three species of sea urchins species (Diadema antillarum, Arbacia lixula, and Paracentrotus lividus) exhibit a consistent depth-dependent partitioning pattern on rocky reefs of the Canarian Archipelago (eastern Atlantic). Hydrodynamic experiments were carried out to quantify the resistance to flow-induced dislodgement in these three species. We tested the model that different morphology can result in habitat partitioning among these sea urchins. Abundances of D. antillarum increased with depth. In contrast, A. lixula and P. lividus showed the opposite zonation pattern, coexisting in high abundances in the shallowest depths (<5 m), and occurring in low densities in the deepest part of reefs (>7 m). Both A. lixula and P. lividus had greater adhesion-surface to body-height ratios than D. antillarum. Similarly, A. lixula and P. lividus showed a greater ability to resist flow-induced dislodgement compared with D. antillarum. The mean “velocity of dislodgement” was 300% and 50% greater for A. lixula and P. lividus, respectively, relative to D. antillarum, for any particular size. As a result, A. lixula and P. lividus are better fitted to life in high-flow environments than D. antillarum. We conclude that the risk of dislodgement by water motion likely play a relevant role in the vertical distribution patterns of these sea urchins in the eastern Atlantic.  相似文献   

18.
Laboratory measurements of all four CO2 parameters [fCO2 ( = fugacity of CO2), pH, TCO2 ( = total dissolved inorganic carbon), and TA ( = total alkalinity)] were made on the same sample of Gulf Stream seawater (S = 35) as a function of temperature (5–35 °C) and the ratio of TA/TCO2 (X) (1.0–1.2). Overall the measurements were consistent to ±8 μ atm in fCO2, ± 0.004 in pH, ± 3 μ mol kg−1 in TCO2, and ± 3 μ mol kg−1 in TA with the thermodynamic constants of Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995). Deviations between the measured pH, TCO2, TA and those calculated from various input combinations increase with increasing X when the same constants are used. This trend in the deviations indicates that the uncertainties in pK2 become important with increasing X (surface waters), but are negligible for samples with the lower X (deep waters). This trend is < 5 μ mol kg−1 when the pK2 values of Lee and Millero (1995) are used.The overall probable error of the calculated fCO2 due to uncertainties in the accuracy of the parameters (pH, TCO2, TA, pK0, pk1, and pK2) is ± 1.2%, which is similar to the differences between the measured values and those calculated using the thermodynamic constants of Millero (1995).The calculated values of pK1, (from fCO2-TCO2-TA) agree to within ± 0.004 compared to the results of Dickson and Millero (1987), Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995) over the same experimental conditions. The calculated values of pK2 (from pH-TCO2-TA) are in good agreement (± 0.004) with the results of Lee and Millero (1995) and also in reasonable agreement (± 0.008) with the results of Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995). The salinity dependence of our derived values of pK1 and pK2, (S = 35) can be estimated using the equations determined by Millero (1995).  相似文献   

19.
The distributions of the nematode parasites Paraquimperia sp., Spirocamallanus sp., and Cucullanus sp. in the intestines and recta of Anguilla dieffenbachii and A. australis from Lake Ellesmere and the South Branch of the Waimakariri River were studied over two years. Peak occurrence of Paraquimperia was in the anterior intestine of A. australis and mid intestine of A. dieffenbachii. Male and female Spirocamallanus sp. established in the mid intestine, but as female worms grew they attached more anteriorly and thus maintained the mid body in the mid intestine, prevented the tail end entering the rectum, and maintained the vulvae close to male worms. Cucullanus sp. was most often found in the mid intestine, but occurred throughout the intestine, possibly because of migration with food. Paraquimperia and Spirocamallanus extended their range with crowding; Cucullanus increased in density in the mid intestine. Posteriad movement, with or without subsequent evacuation, was a general feature of all species in both hosts, held live or examined after death. Chilling and freezing slowed or arrested loss from dead hosts. Larger worms (Spirocamallanus sp.) moved and were lost more rapidly than small worms (Paraquimperia sp.); worm loss was more rapid from A. dieffenbachii than from A. australis.  相似文献   

20.
Isochrysis sp.strain HG是一株分离自福建长乐自然海区的金藻,是一种良好的西施舌育苗饵料藻。显微形态观察表明,Isochrysis sp.strain HG的形态特性与等鞭金藻属的球等鞭金藻(I.galbana)和湛江等鞭金藻(I.zhanjiangensis)比较接近。进一步克隆Isochrysis sp.strain HG的核糖体小亚基(small subunit,SSU)18S rRNA基因,获得了长度为1780bp的基因序列。同源性分析表明,该序列与在NCBI数据库中登录的等鞭金藻属的18S rRNA基因序列同源性最高,说明结果与形态鉴定的结果相一致。基于18S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明,Isochrysis sp.strain HG与等鞭金藻属的I.zhangjiangensis、Isochrysis sp.strain CCAP927/14、I.galbana和Isochrysis sp.strain Santou聚在一个分支类群上,其中I.zhangjiangensis与Isochrysis sp.strain CCAP927/14聚为一个独立的子类群,和I.galbana、Isochrysis sp.strain Santou以及目标菌株Isochrysis sp.strain HG形成4个并列独立的分支。根据形态及分子系统分析结果,Isochrysis sp.strain HG可能是不同于I.zhangjiangensis、I.galbana的等鞭金藻种类。  相似文献   

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