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多年用海底压力式验潮仪的研制（英国Ｐｒｏｕｄｍａｎ海洋研究所，ＰＯＬ，Ｂｉｄｓｏｎ观测站Ｒ．ＳＰｅｎｃｅｒ，Ｐ．Ｒ．Ｆｏｄｅｎ，Ｃ．ＭｃＧａｒｒｙ，Ｊ．Ｍ．Ｖａｓｓｉｅ）１引言ＰＯＬ技术研究方案的一部分是ＭＹＲＴＩＥ（重现多年潮位的设备ＭｕｌｔｉＹｅ... 相似文献
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１９９０年９月３日，中国成功地发射了第２颗“风云１号”气象卫星ＦＹ－１Ｂ。当时，正好中方科学家在德国研技部ＧＫＳＳ研究中心，参加中德海洋水色遥感合作研究。ＦＹ－１Ｂ上的海洋通道引起了中德双方科学家的浓厚兴趣，立即从事ＦＹ－１Ｂ的图像处理，应用于海洋水色遥感潜力研究。通过一系列ＦＹ－１Ｂ模拟数字条辐图像和在德国实际接收到的图像，评价了ＦＹ－１Ｂ卫星所安装的高分辨率扫描辐射机（ＶＨＲＳＲ）的两个海洋通道（４８０～５３０和５３０～５８０ｎｍ）图像的利用率和辐射分辨率；研究表明，ＶＨＲＳＲ的波段配置科学地结合了气象和海洋两者的应用。两海洋通道资料可以有效地应用于海洋沿岸水体的悬浮泥沙浓度和大洋水体的叶绿素ａ浓度的测量。为了今后中国气象卫星上加海洋通道获得更佳应用效果，本文最后提出了一些新建议。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1994,(2)
攀登海洋地质科学高峰──记李四光地质科学野外地质工作奖获得者王光宇教授的科学事迹ＡＭＡＮＤＥＶＯＴＥＤＨＩＭＳＥＬＦＴＯＭＡＲＩＮＥＧＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＳＸＩＥＮＣＥ地矿部广州海洋地质调查局王光宇教授，１９９３年１０月喜获第三届李四光地质科学野外地质... 相似文献
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刘树臣 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1994,(3)
我国环境地质状况及值得重视的若干问题ＳＩＴＵＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＣＨＩＮＡ＇ＳＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＧＥＯＬＯＧＹＡＮＤＳＯＭＥＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳＴＨＡＴＭＥＲＩＴＡＴＴＥＮＴＩＯＮＳ我国人口众多，地质条件复杂，各种环境地质和灾害地质问题极为突出和严重... 相似文献
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海洋化学传感器研制的动态评述 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
化学海洋学研究数据的获得要方便、经济、高效的分析测试手段,化学传感器则是海洋调查和监测ＤＯ、ｐＨ、ＣＯ２、ＮＨ３－Ｎ和Ｓ（－ＩＩ）等的理想手段和工具。本文评述了６０年代末以来用于天然水体中ＣＯ２、ＮＨ３－Ｎ和Ｓ（－ＩＩ）检测的化学传感器的研制情况,进一步讨论了海洋化学传感器研制所需解决的问题和发展方面,并分析了海洋化学传感器研制进展缓慢的原因。 相似文献
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利用中二层非线性原始方程海洋模式，研究海洋在自身不同热力结构下对热带气旋的响应。计算结果表明，初始混合层（ＭＬ）深度和层强强度对海表温（ＳＳＴ）和ＭＬ深度变化起着十分重要的作用。初始ＭＬ深度对海流量值影响较大，层结强度则较小。东海陆架区特殊的海洋热力结构，极易造成ＳＳＴ下降。海洋对７００２号台风响应的模拟结果与观测资料较一致。 相似文献
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１９９５年春，美国国家宇航局（ＮＡＳＡ）将发射一颗携带宽视场海洋观测传感器（ＳｅａＷｉＦＳ）的海洋卫星（Ｓｅａｓｔａｒ）．宽视场海洋观测传感器是继工作了七年多，于１９８５年停止发送资料的Ｎｉｍｂｕｓ－７海岸带水色扫描仪（ＣＺＺ）之后的第一个星载海洋水色传感器，不像作为概念验证性实验的海岸带水色扫描仪那样，宽视场海洋观测传感器被设计用来提供充分精确的光合色素浓度资料以进行海洋初级生产力和生物地球化学定量研究［４］。宽视场海洋观测传感器将常规地每二日一次提供全球复盖资料。美国国家宇航局空间科学应用署（ＡＳＳＡ）和哥达德空间飞行中心（ＧＳＦＣ）为了发展、管理海洋水色研究资料系统而制定了宽视场海洋观测传感器计划，这个系统能有效地收集、处理、校正、检验、存档以及发布由宽视场海洋观测传感器接收到的资料。本文主要介绍了宽视场海洋观测传感器计划的目的意义，研究内容以及其他概况［２，３］。 相似文献
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业治铮院士80华诞庆贺会在宁举行 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
莫杰 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1997,(3)
业治铮院士８０华诞庆贺会在宁举行ＡＣＥＬＥＢＲＡＴＩＯＮＷＡＳＨＥＬＤＩＮＮＡＮＪＩＮＧＦＯＲＴＨＥ８０ＴＨＢＩＲＴＨＤＡＹＯＦＰＲＯＦ．ＹＥＺＨＩＺＨＥＮＧ１９９７年４月１１日，地矿部南京地质矿产研究所和青岛海洋地质研究所共同为两所名誉所长，我国著... 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献