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1.
本文从南太平洋地区区域构造演化出发，开展盆地类型划分和石油地质条件分析，了解不同类型盆地的油气成藏特征，并分析油气分布规律和资源潜力，以期对未来油气勘探开发国际合作选区提供借鉴。研究表明:（1）南太平洋地区经历了亨特-鲍恩造山运动、澳大利亚板块与南极洲板块分离、塔斯曼海扩张及珊瑚海扩张、巴布亚新几内亚地区的洋壳俯冲和弧-陆碰撞作用，最终形成了澳大利亚东部南缘和海域及新西兰地区以裂谷盆地为主、澳大利亚东部内陆以克拉通盆地为主的包括晚二叠世-三叠纪前陆盆地、古近纪-新近纪前陆盆地、古近纪-现今弧前盆地和弧后盆地6种盆地类型；（2）澳大利亚内陆南缘和东部海域以及新西兰地区裂谷盆地分布广泛，裂谷盆地油气最为富集，但内陆和海域有所差异，内陆南缘裂谷盆地油气资源丰富且石油与天然气的比值约为2:1，而东部海域裂谷盆地因油气成藏条件差，尚无油气发现；（3）根据盆地的剩余可采储量和远景资源量对南太平洋地区的资源潜力进行分析，认为白垩纪-古近纪裂谷盆地和古近纪-新近纪前陆盆地油气资源潜力最大，并优选出吉普斯兰（Gippsland）、塔拉纳基（Taranaki）和巴布亚（Papua）3个有利盆地。 相似文献
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法尔维海盆位于西南太平洋海域豪勋爵海丘东侧、新喀里多尼亚岛西侧，是全球油气勘探的前沿地区。但目前对于该海盆的构造演化研究较为薄弱，限制了该海盆油气资源的进一步勘探开发。本文通过从新西兰塔斯曼海数据库搜集到大量地球物理资料，使用2D Move软件，通过平衡剖面技术进行构造演化模拟，结合区域动力学机制将海盆北部和南部的构造演化分为7个阶段:(1)早白垩世至晚白垩世陆内裂谷阶段；(2)晚白垩世断坳过渡阶段；(3)始新世早期坳陷阶段；(4)始新世晚期一次构造反转阶段；(5)始新世至渐新世热沉降阶段；(6)渐新世至中新世二次构造反转阶段；(7)中新世至今海洋沉降阶段。由于海盆中部未发现有明显的二次构造反转阶段，所以将海盆中部的构造演化划分为5个阶段:(1)早白垩世至晚白垩世陆内裂谷阶段；(2)晚白垩世断坳过渡阶段；(3)始新世早期坳陷阶段；(4)始新世晚期构造反转阶段；(5)中新世至今海洋沉降阶段。此阶段海盆整体下坳，逐渐形成现今样貌。法尔维海盆北部受到区域构造活动影响较大，白垩系地层发育较多的断裂构造；海盆中部晚白垩统地层发生较多的底辟构造；海盆南部从形成至今，受到构造活动影响较小，发育地层完整，前新生代地层较厚。整个法尔维海盆北部构造活动较强，中部较弱，南部较小。沉积地层从北到南由厚变薄。 相似文献
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南海西南次海盆被动陆缘洋陆转换带位于陆缘强烈伸展区,蕴含着岩石圈临界伸展破裂和洋盆扩张过程的丰富信息。本文利用多道地震剖面和重力异常数据,对西南次海盆被动陆缘构造单元进行划分,研究陆缘南、北部洋陆转换带结构构造特征,探讨陆缘伸展演化过程。多道地震剖面资料显示,北部洋陆转换带发育有裂陷期断陷和向海倾斜的掀斜断块;南部发育有低角度正断层控制的裂陷期断陷、海底火山以及局部隆起;从陆到洋方向,重力异常值变化明显。根据上述结果南海西南次海盆被动陆缘划分为近端带、洋陆转换带和洋盆三个构造单元,分别对应了其伸展演化过程的三个阶段：前裂谷阶段、陆缘裂陷阶段和海底扩张阶段。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
菲律宾海盆是西太平洋最大的边缘海盆地,作为地球上最壮观的"沟-弧-盆"体系的重要组成部分,其成因及构造演化可有效约束西太平洋洋陆过渡带的复杂动力学过程。海底磁异常条带是海底扩张的重要依据,其几何形态能够反映海底扩张的时间、方向及速率,为研究海盆的海底扩张过程提供重要信息。菲律宾海盆的次级海盆—西菲律宾海盆、四国海盆地磁异常表现为明显的条带状异常特征,帕里西维拉海盆内的磁条带特征虽不明显,但仍能看出南北向的分带现象。对海盆内的磁异常条带进行系统的分析、对比与解释,将菲律宾海盆划分为7个扩张阶段,构建了菲律宾海盆61 Ma以来的阶段性扩张模型。揭示了边缘海盆构造演化的一般规律及扩张过程为岛弧裂解、高速弧后扩张、慢速弧后扩张和扩张后作用4个阶段。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(2)
为了确定中南—司令断裂带在南海海盆及其在南部陆缘的延伸位置,并探讨其与南海扩张的关系,本文利用重磁异常、地震、莫霍面深度、P波速度特征、钻井拖网资料,对中南—司令断裂带的延伸位置进行了综合地质和地球物理研究,厘定了中南—司令断裂带在东部次海盆与西南、西北次海盆之间呈NS向延伸,并南延至南海南部陆缘之上,深度上切割至莫霍面。根据南海海盆中磁异常条带走向的变化,及磁异常条带、走滑/转换断裂、扩张方向的印证关系,结合前人对古南海"剪刀状"碰撞闭合、南海扩张演化、构造应力场的研究,提出在32~25 Ma,伴随着南海东部次海盆的NNW向扩张,南海海盆及南沙地块整体发生顺时针旋转,使中南—司令断裂走向由形成初期的NNW向转变为N—S向;23.5 Ma之后,顺时针旋转停止,南海东部次海盆继续NNW向扩张,西南次海盆呈NW—SE向渐进式扩张。作为一条切穿地壳的深大断裂,中南—司令断裂与红河-越东断裂、马尼拉海沟断裂三条深大断裂一起组成区域"滑线场",制约南海海盆的扩张与南沙地块的南移。 相似文献
6.
南海西南海盆地震反射特征及其形成时代 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用横穿西南海盆的地震剖面，结合声纳浮标资料获得的海盆中沉积物及基底的速度结构，同时结合陆上的钻井分层，并与邻区的沉积盆地地层进行对比，在西南海盆中划分出T2、T3、T4、、T5、Tg5个反射界面。T5界面之下的沉积层对应的年龄约为27Ma，即西南海盆在早渐新世开始扩张；T4界面以上的沉积在海盆中基本呈披覆式沉积。因此，海盆信止扩张的年龄应该在16Ma左右，即西南海盆的扩张时段为早渐新世－中中新世，穿过中央海盆的地震剖面显示海盆中的沉积结构与西南海盆相似，由此推测这两个海盆的海底扩张时代相近，可能是同一次海底扩张的产物。 相似文献
7.
印度洋大地构造背景及其构造演化——印度洋底大地构造图研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
印度洋底大地构造图(1∶1 500万)基于最新地球物理数据,结合中国大洋调查航次积累的地貌、地质、地球物理和矿产资源资料编制,综合反映印度洋底及周缘地质、地貌、地球物理和资源分布等特征,将为理解和推进印度洋盆构造演化和资源分布研究提供理论支撑。本文介绍了该图编制的思路和方法、数据来源、图面内容和大地构造单元划分,认为印度洋盆具有多微陆块、多期扩张、多洋底高原、无震海岭和"入"字形洋中脊等特征。在前人研究基础上,将印度洋盆地构造演化归纳为3个阶段:(1)冈瓦纳大陆裂解与洋盆初始张开(侏罗纪-白垩纪中期);(2)洋盆持续张开与扩张中心跃迁(白垩纪中期-古近纪初期);(3)印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞及非洲板块裂解(新生代)。在扩张中心跃迁式的发育形式下,现今印度洋盆多微陆块、多期扩张中心和"入"字形的洋中脊基本构造格局在古近纪早期便已形成。 相似文献
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在重建泛大陆裂解和北极地球动力系统演化框架中研究扩张盆地形成的时间序列。通过本研究可识别出扩张盆地形成的3个时空独立的阶段：晚侏罗世-早白垩世、晚白垩世一新生代早期、新生代。第一阶段，作为美亚海盆构造组分的加拿大海盆地的扩张中心形成、演化与消亡。第二阶段是拉布拉多-巴芬-马卡罗夫扩张中心的演化，它在始新世停止活动。第三阶段，极慢速的Mohna、Knipovich和Gakkel洋中脊的形成，至今在格陵兰海及欧亚海盆仍在活动。已有的地质地球物理资料解释表明，在加拿大海盆形成之后，北极地区脱离了古太平洋地球动力的影响，以扩张、俯冲、弧后盆地形成以及碰撞相关的过程等为特征。伴随着太平洋和大西洋的扩张系统向北延伸，马卡罗夫海盆形成，标志着北大西洋的大洋机制的开始（包括典型的陆间裂谷、慢速与超慢速的扩张、陆块的分离、原始盆地扩张中心的消亡、扩张轴的漂移、新的扩张脊和扩张中心的形成等）。上述表明，从。大地构造角度来看，北冰洋事实上是混合的大洋，也就是复合的异源大洋。北冰洋的形成是两个不同时代、不同类型空间并列的地球动力系统作用的结果。加拿大海盆的古太平洋系统，在晚白垩世完成其演化，马卡罗夫和欧亚海盆的北大西洋系统取代了古太平洋系统。与传统观点不同，认为挪威-格陵兰盆地北部的不对称形态是北大西洋两次扩张的结果。第二次扩张中心Knipovich脊始于渐新世一中新世之交，该过程导致Hovgard陆块裂离巴伦支海。泛大陆及其劳亚大陆部分的裂解，伴随着在两侧形成新的扩张盆地，是阶段性的过程。在晚白垩世之前（第一阶段），泛大陆在古太平洋-侧裂解形成加拿大海盆-美亚海盆的一部分（北冰洋形成的第一阶段）。从晚白垩世开始，裂解活动来自北大西洋一侧，导致格陵兰从北美分离，形成拉布拉多-巴芬-马卡罗夫扩张系统（北冰洋形成的第二阶段）。新生代以第二扩张轴的发展为标志，形成挪威-格陵兰海和欧亚海盆（北冰洋形成的第三阶段）。本段扩张中心至今还在活动，但速率极低。 相似文献
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10.
南沙海区万安盆地构造演化与成因机制 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文基于地震、钻井和区域地质资料，运用回剥法和平衡剖面技术定量研究了万安盆地的构造沉降和伸展程度，重建盆地的构造演化史并探讨其成因机制。模拟结果表明，万安盆地构造沉降曲线为多段式，其南北部构造沉降差异明显，且沉降中心逐渐向南发展的趋势。晚始新世-渐新世（37.8~23.03 Ma BP）盆地中、北部快速沉降，存在两个沉降中心；早中新世（23.03~16.0 Ma BP）盆地南部也发生快速沉降，整个盆地存在3个沉降中心；中中新世（约16.0~11.63 Ma BP）沉降作用减弱，盆地进入裂后热沉降期。万安盆地的伸展和形成演化呈现北早南晚的特征，与南海海底扩张密切相关，同时受控于万安断裂带交替地右旋-左旋走滑作用，是伸展和走滑双重作用的结果。盆地的构造演化过程可细分为4个阶段:初始裂谷期、主要裂谷期、走滑改造期和裂后加速沉降期。 相似文献
11.
Complementary to previous work mainly based on seismic interpretation, our compilation of geophysical data (multibeam bathymetry,
gravity, magnetic and seismic) acquired within the framework of the ZoNéCo (ongoing since 1993) and FAUST (1998–2001) programs
enables us to improve the knowledge of the New Caledonia Basin, Fairway Basin and Fairway Ridge, located within the Southwest
Pacific region. The structural synthesis map obtained from geophysical data interpretation allows definition of the deep structure,
nature and formation of the Fairway and New Caledonia Basins. Development of the Fairway Basin took place during the Late
Cretaceous (95–65 Ma) by continental stretching. This perched basin forms the western margin of the New Caledonia Basin. A
newly identified major SW–NE boundary fault zone separates northern NW–SE trending segments of the two basins from southern
N–S trending segments. This crustal-scale fault lineament, that we interpret to be related to Cretaceous-early Cainozoic Tasman
Sea spreading, separates the NW–SE thinned-continental and N–S oceanic segments of the New Caledonia Basin. We can thus propose
the following pattern for the formation of the study area. The end of continental stretching within the Fairway and West Caledonia
Basins (
65–62 Ma) is interpreted as contemporaneous with the onset of emplacement of oceanic crust within the New Caledonia Basin’s
central segment. Spreading occurred during the Paleocene (62–56 Ma), and isolated the Gondwanaland block to the west from
the Norfolk block to the east. Finally, our geophysical synthesis enables us to extend the structural Fairway Basin down to
the structural Taranaki Basin, with the structural New Caledonia Basin lying east of the Fairway Basin and ending further
north than previously thought, within the Reinga Basin northwest of New Zealand. 相似文献
12.
南海北缘新生代盆地沉积与构造演化及地球动力学背景 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
南海北缘新生代沉积盆地是全面揭示南海北缘形成演化及与邻区大地构造单元相互作用的重要窗口。通过对盆地沉积-构造特征分析,南海北缘新生代裂陷过程显示出明显的多幕性和旋转性的特点。在从北向南逐渐迁移的趋势下,东、西段裂陷过程也具有一定的差异,西部裂陷活动及海侵时间明显早于东部,裂陷中心由西向东呈雁列式扩展。晚白垩世-早始新世裂陷活动应是东亚陆缘中生代构造-岩浆演化的延续,始新世中、晚期太平洋板块俯冲方向改变导致裂陷中心南移,印度欧亚板块碰撞效应是南海中央海盆扩张方向顺时针旋转的主要原因。 相似文献
13.
琼东南盆地深水区东区凹陷带,即松南—宝岛—长昌凹陷,位于琼东南盆地中央坳陷东端。在大量地震资料解释的基础上,对38条主要断层进行了详细分析。获得以下认识:(1)琼东南盆地深水区东区凹陷带平面上表现为近EW向展布的平行四边形,剖面结构表现为自西向东由半地堑—不对称的地堑—半地堑有规律变化。(2)琼东南盆地深水区东区凹陷带断裂系统可划分控制凹陷边界断层、控制洼陷沉积中心断层和调节性断层3类。(3)琼东南盆地深水区东区凹陷带古近纪时期受到太平洋板块俯冲和南海海盆扩张的双重影响,构造应力场发生NW—SE→SN转变。构造演化可划分为3个阶段:～32Ma,应力场以区域性NW—SE向伸展为主,断裂系统以NE—SW向为主,控制凹陷边界;32～26Ma,以南海海盆近SN向拉张应力场为主,断裂系统以NWW—SEE向为主,断层活动控制凹陷沉积中心;26～Ma,区域性伸展与南海海盆扩张应力均逐渐减弱,NE—SW向和NWW—SEE向断裂继承性发育。(4)琼东南盆地深水区东区凹陷带内部主要断层在渐新统崖城组和陵水组沉积时期活动速率快,地形高差大、沉积水体深、沉积厚度大,控制了崖城组和陵水组的大规模沉积,有利于烃源岩的发育。圈闭以受断层控制的断鼻和断块为主,长昌主洼凹中隆起带发育2个最为理想的构造圈闭。 相似文献
14.
On the basis of the salinity distribution of isopycnal(σ_0=27.2 kg/m~3) surface and in salinity minimum, the Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW) around South Australia can be classified into five types corresponding to five regions by using in situ CTD observations. Type 1 is the Tasman AAIW, which has consistent hydrographic properties in the South Coral Sea and the North Tasman Sea. Type 2 is the Southern Ocean(SO) AAIW, parallel to and extending from the Subantarctic Front with the freshest and coldest AAIW in the study area. Type 3 is a transition between Type 1 and Type 2. The AAIW transforms from fresh to saline with the latitude declining(equatorward). Type 4, the South Australia AAIW, has relatively uniform AAIW properties due to the semienclosed South Australia Basin. Type 5, the Southeast Indian AAIW, progressively becomes more saline through mixing with the subtropical Indian intermediate water from south to north. In addition to the above hydrographic analysis of AAIW, the newest trajectories of Argo(Array for real-time Geostrophic Oceanography) floats were used to constructed the intermediate(1 000 m water depth) current field, which show the major interocean circulation of AAIW in the study area. Finally, a refined schematic of intermediate circulation shows that several currents get together to complete the connection between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. They include the South Equatorial Current and the East Australia Current in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, the Tasman Leakage and the Flinders Current in the South Australia Basin, and the extension of Flinders Current in the southeast Indian Ocean. 相似文献
15.
Gorda Ridge is the southern segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge complex, in the north-east Pacific. Along-strike spreading-rate variation on Gorda Ridge and deformation of Gorda Plate are evidence for compression between the Pacific and Gorda Plates. GLORIA sidescan sonographs allow the spreading fabric associated with Gorda Ridge to be mapped in detail. Between 5 and 2 Ma, a pair of propagating rifts re-orientated the northern segment of Gorda Ridge by about 10° clockwise, accommodating a clockwise shift in Pacific-Juan de Fuca plate motion that occurred around 5 Ma. Deformation of Gorda Plate, associated with southward decreasing spreading rates along southern Gorda Ridge, is accommodated by a combination of clockwise rotation of Gorda Plate crust, coupled with left-lateral motion on the original normal faults of the ocean crust. Segments of Gorda Plate which have rotated by different amounts are separated by narrow deformation zones across which sharp changes in ocean fabric trend are seen. Although minor lateral movement may occur on these NW to WNW structures, no major right-lateral movement, as predicted by previous models, is observed. 相似文献
16.
The Malay Basin is located offshore West Malaysia in the South China Sea, within north central region of 1st order Sunda Block. The basin developed partly as a result of tectonic collisions and strike-slip shear of the Southeast Asia continental slabs, as the Indian Plate collided into Eurasia, and subsequent extrusion of lithospheric blocks towards Indochina. The Sunda Block epicontinental earliest rift margins were manifested by the Palaeogene W–E rift valleys, which formed during NW–SE sinistral shear of the region. Later Eocene NW–SE dextral shear of (2nd order) Indochina Block against East Malaya Block rifted open a 3rd order Malay Basin. Developed within it is a series of 4th order N–S en-echelon ridges and grabens. The grabens and some ridges, sequentially, host W–E trending 5th order folds of later compressional episodes. The Malay Basin Ridge and Graben Model explains the multi-phased structural deformation which started with, the a) Pre-Rift Palaeo/Mesozoic crystalline/metamorphic Basement, b) Synrift phase during Paleogene, c) Fast Subsidence from Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene, d) Compressional inversion of first Sunda fold during Late Miocene, and e) Basin Sag during Plio-Pleistocene with mild compressional episodes. The subsequent Mio-Pliocene folding history of Malay Basin is connected to the collision of Sunda Block against subducting Indian–Australian Plate. This Neogene Sunda tectonics, to some degree after the cessation of South China Sea spreading, is due to the diachronous collision along the 1st order plate margins between SE Asia and Australia. 相似文献
17.
Elliot W. Dawson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):126-140
The problem of New Zealand‐Antarctic faunal relationships is discussed on the basis of echinoderm distribution. The limitations of the data upon which past zoogeographical speculations have been based are pointed out. Macquarie Island (occupying an intermediate geographical position between the New Zealand Plateau and the Antarctic) shows definite relationships with New Zealand, and the submarine Macquarie Ridge may have provided a connecting migration route. However, only four species of echinoderms are shared between the Ross Sea‐Balleny Islands area (the New Zealand sector of the Antarctic Region) and the New Zealand Pliateau‐Macquarie Island area (the New Zealand Region). Although the as yet unsampled part of the Macquarie‐Balleny Ridge may reveal other faunal similarities, the present systematic sampling has made possible a sounder understanding of the zoogeographical affinities of the two regions. 相似文献
18.
The Solomon Sea Plate was widely developed during late Oligocene, separating the proto-West Melanesian Arc from the proto-Trobriand Arc. Spreading in the Bismarck Sea and in the Woodlark Basin resulted from interaction between the Pacific and Australian Plates, specifically from the collision of the proto-West Melanesian Arc with north New Guinea, which occurred after arc reversal. This model explains the extensive Miocene, Pliocene, and Quaternary volcanism of the Papua New Guinea mainland as it related to southward subduction of the Trobriand Trough. Our interpreted plate motions are concordant with the geological evidence onshore and also with complex tectonic features in the Solomon Sea Basin Region. 相似文献
19.
我国南海历史性水域线的地质特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
40a的海洋地质、地球物理实测研究表明,九段线不仅是显示我国南海主权的历史性水域线,而且总体上也是南海与东部、南部和西部陆区及岛区的巨型地质边界线。根据实测数据,本文将从地质成因、来源、演化的角度论述此南海历史性水域线的合理性。主要结论包括:历史性水域线的东段在地形上基本与马尼拉海沟一致,海沟西侧为南海中央海盆洋壳区,东侧为菲律宾群岛。根据国际地质研究的资料,菲律宾群岛始新世以前位于较偏南的纬度,后来于中晚中新世(距今16~10Ma)仰冲于南海中央海盆之上,因此菲律宾群岛是一个外来群岛。而黄岩岛在马尼拉海沟以西,是中央海盆洋壳区的一个岛礁,与菲律宾群岛成因不同。南海历史性水域线的南段在地形上基本与南沙海槽一致,伴随南沙地块由北部陆缘向南裂离,古南海洋壳沿此海槽以南俯冲至加里曼丹岛陆壳之下,因此南沙地块与加里曼丹陆块为两个来历不同的地块。南海历史性水域线西段的分布在地形上与越东巨型走滑断裂带基本一致,可能与西沙地块、中沙地块、南沙地块从南海北部陆缘向南滑移有关。南沙地块北缘陡直的正断层结构,突显中央海盆是拉裂形成,其基底和中新生代地层与北部珠江口盆地的地层结构可以对比,说明南沙岛礁原属我国华南大陆南缘,后因南海的形成裂离至现今的位置。 相似文献
20.
Geophysical data on the northern part of the Pacific Ocean were systematized to compile a map of geomagnetic and geothermal studies of the Bering Sea. The absence of reliable data about the formation time of the Bering Sea structures of oceanic and continental origins is noted; this hampered the assessment of the geodynamical processes in the North Pacific. Based on the geophysical data, we estimated the age of the structures of the Bering Sea floor such as the Commander Basin (21 My), the Shirshov Ridge (95 and 33 My in the northern and southern parts, respectively), the Aleutian Basin (70 My), the Vitus Arch (44 My), the Bowers Ridge (30 My), and the Bowers Basin (40 My). These values are confirmed by the geological, geophysical, and kinematic data. A numerical modeling of the formation of extensive regional structures (Emperor Fracture Zone, Chinook Trough, and others) in the Northern Pacific is carried out. A conclusion was made on the basis of the geological and geothermal analysis that the northern and southern parts of the Shirshov Ridge have different geological ages and different tectonic structures. The northern part of the ridge is characterized by an upthrust-nappe terrain origin, while the southern part has originated from a torn-away island arc similar to the origin of the Bowers Ridge. The sea floor of the Aleutian Basin represents a detached part of the Upper Cretaceous Kula plate, on which spreading processes took place in the Vitus Arch area in the Eocene. The final activity phase in the Bering Sea began 21 My B.P. by spreading of the ancient oceanic floor of the Commander Basin. Based on the age estimations of the structures of the Bering Sea floor, the results of the modeling of the process of formation of regional fracture zones and of the geomagnetic, geothermal, tectonic, geological, and structural data, we calculated and compiled a kinematic model (with respect to a hot spot reference system) of the northern part of the Pacific Ocean for 21 My B.P. 相似文献