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基于地球化学参数的海底沉积物端元定量判识方法研究：I.分离沉积物？… 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
系统介绍“分离沉积物端元的最优斜交成分因子算法”,此算法包括主成分分析、因子得分成分化和最优斜交变换三部分。此算法可获得成分化的非负的斜交因子得分,弥补了Ｑ型因子分析仅能用于样品间的相互关系及样品的分类研究,而不能胜任海底沉积物端元物质分离工作之不足。方法适合于沉积物物源端元定量分离工作。将此方法应用于冲绳海槽海底表层样,成功地仞了出长江陆源物质。此方法同样适合于诸如岩石、水体、土壤污染等混合过程 相似文献
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对南黄海南部海域414个站位表层沉积物进行了粒度分析,获取了粒级分布和粒度参数。采用Shepard分类方法,将沉积物划分为5种主要类型,以砂和砂质粉砂为主。应用端元分析模型对表层沉积物粒度数据进行了反演,分离出2个端元,根据各端元频率分布曲线和空间分布特征,结合南黄海西南部沉积动力格局,分析了各端元与研究区沉积物物源和水动力环境的对应关系。结果显示:2个端元所指示的物源主要为具有长江和黄河混合物源的沉积物,且反映了海洋动力过程对现代陆源沉积物的改造、输运和分选。较细的端元1和较粗的端元2分布特征分别与现代潮流通道和潮流沙脊在空间上有很好的对应关系。沉积物粒径趋势分析表明,研究区西北部沙脊和南部潮流通道口门延伸至外海的深槽尾部是沉积物集中输运区域,与EMMA分析结果基本一致。粒径趋势分析结果所揭示的沉积物输运格局与研究区水动力条件和物源吻合较好,可为研究区港口航道建设和管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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东亚边缘海陆源碎屑沉积物的"从源到汇"过程是我国陆海相互作用和海洋地质研究的重要内容。目前我国已开展的沉积物源汇研究大多集中于源汇过程中的"源"和"汇"2个端元的讨论,而对沉积物从源到汇的过程尤其是时间尺度缺乏系统和定量的探讨。根据234 U/238 U比值定量计算沉积物的搬运时间,是国际上最近发展的一种同位素地球化学示踪方法,已经成功应用于世界多条河流和海洋沉积物的搬运时间计算。对该方法的理论基础和应用情况进行了系统的介绍,该方法在我国的应用和推广将有助于深化我国东部边缘海不同构造—气候—人类活动背景下河流入海沉积物的从源到汇过程研究。 相似文献
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海洋沉积环境和物源的元素地球化学记录释读 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在海洋沉积环境和物源示踪研究中，元素地球化学方法起着非常重要的作用。保存在沉积物(岩)中的环境和物源信息，可以用多种元素地球化学方法进行释读，如研究元素的组成、相对含量和元素分布，元素间的比值关系，元素的组合、多元图解和配分模式以及研究元素与同位素关系等。充分研究元素在表生环境下的地球化学行为，其多种指标可作为古环境的替代性指标，在示踪古气候、沉积物来源、沉积环境和古海洋学事件等领域显示出有效的指示作用。冲绳海槽沉积物元素地球化学研究表明，冲绳海槽元素地球化学分区与沉积环境和物质来源是紧密对应的，由化学组分判识的物源在该区有陆源、生物源、火山热液源和自生源，第四纪以来冲绳海槽的沉积环境曾发生过很大的变化，是火山活动的高发区。 相似文献
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中小河流对长江水下三角洲远端泥沉积的贡献:以椒江和瓯江为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
海洋沉积物的来源、输运过程及其归宿一直是海洋沉积学的重要研究课题。浙闽沿岸泥区的沉积物主要来自长江及浙闽沿岸的中小河流，对后者的贡献量进行定量化分析是相关研究比较薄弱的环节，这个问题的难点可能是缺乏同时指示"物源"和"供应量"两个指标的示踪物。本文以椒江和瓯江这两条河流对浙闽沿岸泥区的贡献为切入点，运用了粒度端元和黏土矿物两种示踪指标进行研究，目的有两个:一是综合评价两种示踪指标的效率，二是定量化地了解中小河流对浙闽沿岸泥区的贡献。借助端元粒度分析模型对浙闽沿岸泥区的表层样粒度数据进行分解，划分出4个不同的端元，结果显示，EM1端元表现出长江来源的属性，EM2端元表现出椒江和瓯江等沿岸中小河流来源的属性，EM3端元可能来源于研究区南部并有向北输送的趋势，EM4端元可能来源于陆架中部的残留砂沉积区。基于特征粒级的进一步分析表明，研究区6个站位的柱样沉积物中都出现了第一特征粒级，在3.91~9.29 μm之间，推测与长江口外悬浮颗粒物有关，并认为柱样所在的区域都会受到长江入海泥沙的影响。黏土矿物由于具有粒度依赖性，在定量探讨椒江与瓯江的泥沙贡献量时，只能指示小于2 μm的细颗粒物的贡献量，而粒度端元作为一种"全粒度"的指标，在相对封闭的系统内，可以同时解答"从哪里来"和"有多少"这两个示踪问题，是受限比较小的示踪物指标，未来在定量研究物源方面可能会有较大的作用。 相似文献
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单颗粒碎屑矿物可减小源区岩石类型、蚀变过程和程度及搬运与沉积过程对物源信息释读的干扰,已逐渐成为海洋沉积物物源分析的有力工具,并取得一定的应用成果。目前,锆石、石榴石、长石、辉石、角闪石、独居石及磁铁矿等均已被成功用于海洋沉积物物源研究,并主要利用单矿物主量元素、年代学等方法精确识别物源区地质特征和位置,但单矿物微量元素、同位素及微区结构及多矿物对比研究的应用尚有不足;因此,目前对物源信息的释读难免片面,物源识别方法和技术也仍未成熟。随着方法的发展和完善,将可开展诸多深入研究,如通过锆石、独居石、云母和磷灰石等不同矿物的年代学研究,示踪研究物源区的时空变化;通过建立多矿物定量研究模型,进而定量研究源区蚀变速率和源汇过程中的物质输运通量和过程等。文章总结单颗粒碎屑矿物在物源识别中的应用现状,并展望其应用前景,以期引起同行对此研究方法的关注,进一步促进该方法在海洋沉积物物源分析中的应用和发展。 相似文献
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单颗粒碎屑矿物可减小源区岩石类型、蚀变过程和程度及搬运与沉积过程对物源信息释读的干扰, 已逐渐成为海洋沉积物物源分析的有力工具, 并取得一定的应用成果。目前, 锆石、石榴石、长石、辉石、角闪石、独居石及磁铁矿等均已被成功用于海洋沉积物物源研究, 并主要利用单矿物主量元素、年代学等方法精确识别物源区地质特征和位置, 但单矿物微量元素、同位素及微区结构及多矿物对比研究的应用尚有不足; 因此, 目前对物源信息的释读难免片面, 物源识别方法和技术也仍未成熟。随着方法的发展和完善, 将可开展诸多深入研究, 如通过锆石、独居石、云母和磷灰石等不同矿物的年代学研究, 示踪研究物源区的时空变化; 通过建立多矿物定量研究模型, 进而定量研究源区蚀变速率和源汇过程中的物质输运通量和过程等。文章总结单颗粒碎屑矿物在物源识别中的应用现状, 并展望其应用前景, 以期引起同行对此研究方法的关注, 进一步促进该方法在海洋沉积物物源分析中的应用和发展。 相似文献
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东海陆架北部长江、黄河沉积物影响范围的定量估算 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
采用粒度分析、扫描电镜观察 (SEM)、ICP— AES分析等方法 ,得到了关于长江、黄河入海沉积物的示踪粒级以及示踪指标 ,并提出沉积物物源定量识别的非线性规划数学模型 ,进而实现了东海陆架北部表层沉积物中长江型、黄河型物质的定量估算 相似文献
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南海中沙近海表层沉积物的轻组分(粒径为63~125μm)中主要包括有褐色火山玻璃、无色火山玻璃以及火山渣等3种火山灰类型。在硅碱图(TAS)及Al2O3、FeO*、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O对SiO2的变化趋势图中可以判断,本区可能存在双峰式火山活动,褐色火山玻璃代表中-基性端元,而无色火山玻璃代表酸性端元。无色火山玻璃与褐色火山玻璃具有共同的岩浆源区,结晶分异可能是源区岩浆演化的主要方式。这种双峰式火山活动暗示火山活动源区处于大陆拉张减薄环境,支持西沙海槽是一个正在活化的伸展大地构造现象这一观点,同时肯定基于地球物理学和岩石学研究资料所提出的海南地幔柱的存在。 相似文献
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分析了南海西北部198个表层沉积物的常量元素地球化学特征,研究了沉积物常量元素的含量分布特征、富集程度和粒度效应。结果显示,沉积物的常量元素以SiO2、Al2O3、CaO含量较高,平均值分别为45.9%、8.53%、16.7%,其中SiO2、Al2O3代表了陆源碎屑组分,CaO代表了生物碎屑组分。陆架区具有较高的SiO2含量,陆坡区具有较高的Al2O3、CaO含量,但是,Al2O3的高含量在深水下陆坡区,而CaO的高含量在上陆坡岛礁区。总体上,常量元素Fe2O3、K2O、MgO、Na2O、TiO2与Al2O3具有相似的含量分布特征,指示细粒组分的吸附作用;而SiO2、CaO与Al2O3呈相反的分布特征以及负相关关系,反映了沉积物的常量元素受到石英矿物和碳酸盐矿物的稀释作用。大部分元素的富集因子介于1~2之间,富集特征不明显,表明碎屑物质主要为地壳来源,仅CaO、MnO出现较高的富集因子,指示陆坡区生物富集作用和深水陆坡区化学沉积作用的贡献。 相似文献
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The western South Korea Plateau in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) is occupied by rifted continental fragments formed in association
with the early phase of back-arc opening. The present study focuses on the seismic stratigraphy of the sedimentary succession
and the underlying acoustic basement in this region, based on closely spaced multichannel seismic reflection profiles. The
sedimentary succession occurs mainly within a series of subparallel basement troughs (grabens or half grabens) bounded by
faulted continental blocks (horsts) or volcanic ridges, and commonly floored by extrusive volcanic rocks showing hyperbolic
reflectors. These features are strongly suggestive of continental rifting accompanied by normal faulting, volcanic activity
and high rates of basin subsidence. The sedimentary succession can be subdivided into four seismic units. Unit 1 is characterized
by short and irregular high-amplitude reflectors and interpreted as a syn-rift deposit consisting of a non-marine volcanics/sediment
complex in topographic lows. Units 2 and 3 formed in an open marine environment during the Middle Miocene to Early Pliocene,
characterized by an onlap-fill and later draping marine sedimentary succession dominantly composed of hemipelagic sediments
and turbidites with frequent intercalation of mass-flow deposits. Along the western margin of the plateau, these units were
deformed under a compressional regime in the Early Pliocene, associated with the back-arc closing phase. Unit 4 (deposited
since the Early Pliocene) comprises hemipelagic sediments and turbidites with evidence of sporadic slides/slumps. 相似文献
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南沙海槽区表层沉积物的地球化学特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
对南沙海槽区73个表层沉积物的地球化学及沉积环境特征进行了研究。微量元素主要有Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Cr、Sr、Ba和Zr，表现为亲陆性，常量组分为SiO2、AI2O3、TFe、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、MnO、PO25、TiO2，表现为边缘海向深海过渡的沉积环境特点。沉积物质含有粘土组分、碳酸盐型生物碎屑组分、陆源碎屑非粘土组分以及火山碎屑、岛源物质，沉积环境与水深关系密切，在200m以浅，沉积物的供给复杂，沉积环境多变，在200m以深，沉积物的供给和沉积环境稳定。 相似文献
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本文根据南海深海盆地三个沉积柱样的粒度结构、地球化学、微体古生物等特征分析,深讨了南海深海盆地细粒沉积物的浊积现象。结果表明,位于南海北部陆架斜坡上KL37孔的浊流沉积现象并不明显;位于陆架斜坡和深海盆地交界处的KL29孔存在着大量的浊积层,属于浊流沉积和半远洋沉积环境;位于南海盆地中部的KL91孔虽然已属于远洋性沉积环境,但除出现火山灰沉积外,浊流沉积作用仍然是相当活跃的。 相似文献
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The results of the complex study of the sedimentary cover (continuous seismic profiling and diatom analysis) in the northeastern
part of the Sea of Japan, including the Bogorov Rise, the adjacent part of the Japan Basin, and the continental slope, are
presented. Two varied-age complexes were distinguished in the sedimentary cover of Primorye’s continental slope, namely, the
Middle Miocene and Late Miocene-Pleistocene; these complexes were formed in a stable tectonic environment with no significant
vertical movements. The depression in the acoustic basement is located along the continental slope and it is divided from
the Japan Basin by a group of volcanic structures, the most uplifted part of which forms the Bogorov Rise. The depression
was formed, probably, before the Middle Miocene. In the Middle Miocene, the Bogorov Rise was already at the depths close to
the modern ones. In the sedimentary cover near the Bogorov Rise, buried zones were found, which probably were channels for
gas transportation in the pre-Pleistocene. Deformations of sediments that occurred in the beginning of the Pleistocene are
established in the basin. 相似文献
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The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献
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Wilfried Jokat Oliver Ritzmann Christian Reichert Karl Hinz 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2004,25(3-4):283-304
This study presents the results of a seismic refraction experiment that was carried out off Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica)
along the Explora Escarpment (14° W–12° W) and close to Astrid Ridge (6°E). Oceanic crust of about 10 km thickness is observed
northwest of the Explora Escarpment. Stretched continental crust, observed southeast of the escarpment, is most likely intruded
by volcanic material at all crustal levels. Seismic velocities of 7.0–7.4 km/s are modelled for the lower crust. The northern
boundary of this high velocity body coincides approximately with the Explora Escarpment. The upper crystalline crust is overlain
by a 4-km thick and 70-km wide wedge of volcanic material: the Explora Wedge. Seismic velocities for the oceanic crust north
of the Explora Escarpment are in good agreement with global studies. The oceanic crust in the region of the Lazarev Sea is
also up to 10-km thick. The lower crystalline crust shows seismic velocities of up to 7.4 km/s. This, together with the larger
crustal thickness might point to higher mantle temperatures during the formation of the oceanic crust. The more southerly
rifted continental crust is up to 25-km thick, and also has seismic velocities of 7.4 km/s in the lower crystalline crust.
This section is interpreted to consist of stretched continental crust, which is heavily intruded by volcanic material up to
approximately 8-km depth. Multichannel seismic data indicate that, in this region, two volcanic wedges are present. The wedges
are interpreted to have evolved during different time/rift periods. The wedges have a total width of at least 180 km in the
Lazarev Sea. Our results support previous findings that the continental margin off Dronning Maud Land between ≈2°E and ≈13°E
had a complex and long-lived rift history. Both continental margins can be classified as rifted volcanic continental margins
that were formed during break-up of Gondwana. 相似文献
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We use a simple approach to estimate the present-day thermal regime along the northwestern part of the Western Indian Passive Margin, offshore Pakistan. A compilation of bottom borehole temperatures and geothermal gradients derived from new observations of bottom-simulating reflections (BSRs) allows us to constrain the relationship between the thermal regime and the known tectonic and sedimentary framework along this margin. Effects of basin and crustal structure on the estimation of thermal gradients and heat flow are discussed. A hydrate system is located within the sedimentary deep marine setting and compared to other provinces on other continental margins. We calculate the potential radiogenic contribution to the surface heat flow along a profile across the margin. Measurements across the continental shelf show intermediate thermal gradients of 38–44 °C/km. The onshore Indus Basin shows a lower range of values spanning 18–31 °C/km. The Indus Fan slope and continental rise show an increasing gradient from 37 to 55 °C/km, with higher values associated with the thick depocenter. The gradient drops to 33 °C/km along the Somnath Ridge, which is a syn-rift volcanic construct located in a landward position relative to the latest spreading center around the Cretaceous–Paleogene transition. 相似文献