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1.
大西洋中脊胶状黄铁矿的特征及其成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大西洋中脊热液硫化物（矿床）中广泛出现松散粒状和胶状黄铁矿，利用1988年所采样品通过其形态、成份和热电性质的研究，对这种黄铁矿的成因、环带成因和热液演化特征进行初步探讨。结果表明，松散粒状和胶状黄铁矿是热液进入海底与海水混合后沉积形成，与固结粒状黄铁矿分属不同矿化阶段（期），反映热液活动的多阶段成矿特征；胶状黄铁矿环带和微环带是黄铁矿胶体沉淀后重结晶作用形成的；松散粒状黄铁矿和胶状黄铁矿同时出现是已经停止活动的烟囱物特征。 相似文献
2.
与快速扩张的洋中脊相比,主要由超慢速-慢速扩张洋脊组成的印度洋中脊具有独特的热液硫化物成矿模式.运用高精度矿相显微镜、XRD、电子探针和ICP-AES/MS等测试手段,对印度洋中脊的热液硫化物矿床样品开展了矿物成分、结构构造、地球化学等各方面分析.结果表明,来自中印度洋脊(CIR)艾德蒙德(Edmond)热液区的硫化物A主要由黄铁矿、白铁矿以及黄铜矿构成,其成矿期次可划分为白铁矿-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、闪锌矿-黄铜矿阶段(Ⅱ)以及后期石英阶段(Ⅲ),成矿流体温度经历了低-高-低的变化;同样来自于艾德蒙德热液区的硫化物B主要矿物成分为黄铁矿、白铁矿和硬石膏,成矿期次划分为硬石膏-白铁矿-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)和胶状黄铁矿-石英(Ⅱ) 2个阶段,流体温度经历了低-高的变化;与之相比,来自西南印度洋脊(SWIR)龙旂热液区的硫化物C主要由纤铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿和白铁矿组成,成矿期次划分为纤铁矿-白铁矿-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)和闪锌矿-黄铜矿(Ⅱ)阶段,后期闪锌矿、黄铜矿的出现反映热液流体温度发生了升高.地球化学特征表明,印度洋中脊的热液硫化物总体为富Fe型,并相对富集Co和Ni元素,而Zn和Cu元素的含量相对较低.此外,取自艾德蒙德热液区的硫化物与EPR 21°N热液硫化物组成非常相似,而与慢速扩张脊TAG相比,Pb、Zn、Ag和Sr元素含量较高,Cu和Fe元素含量则较低. 相似文献
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4.
西南印度洋脊(SWIR)是当前洋底超慢速扩张洋脊的典型代表,具有独特的热液硫化物矿床形成机理,对位于该洋脊的龙旂热液场硫化物样品进行了系统的矿物学分析,结果表明:该区硫化物为高温热液喷溢活动所形成的富Fe型硫化物,目前已经历了一定程度的氧化蚀变;硫化物矿物组合以磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿为主,其次是少量黄铜矿、白铁矿和(铁)闪锌矿;黄铜矿出溶等轴古巴矿现象普遍,部分样品中可见自然金颗粒。经综合分析,该区热液成矿作用可划分为3个成矿阶段和1个后期海底风化阶段:(1)高温的黄铁矿+黄铜矿(等轴古巴矿)+磁黄铁矿阶段,(2)中高温的黄铁矿+闪锌矿阶段,(3)低温的胶状或莓球状黄铁矿+白铁矿+自然金阶段,(4)后期硫化物海底氧化性蚀变阶段主要是形成Fe的氧/羟化物。在整个成矿期间,流体温度有不同程度的波动,主要硫化物矿物形成时端元流体的温度应在335℃以上,瞬间(短时)或局部热液的最高温度推测超过400℃。本区的磁黄铁矿属于富钴型磁黄铁矿亚类,经历了六方磁黄铁矿+黄铁矿→单斜磁黄铁矿+黄铁矿的变化,表明该区热液流体发生了快速降温的演化过程。 相似文献
5.
基于2011年大洋一号第22次环球考察在东太平洋热液活动区采集的5个站位的77个悬浮体样品,利用扫描电镜与能谱分析相结合的方法,对悬浮颗粒硫化物颗粒的矿物形貌和物相、矿物组合特征以及空间分布进行了系统的研究,探讨了悬浮颗粒矿物组成对海底热液活动的指示作用。研究区出现了闪锌矿、纤锌矿、黄铁矿、白铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方黄铜矿、铜蓝以及单质硫等多种硫化物颗粒,主要的硫化物矿物包括黄铁矿—闪锌矿—黄铜矿—磁黄铁矿,据此推断该区海底热液属于典型的高温热液流体,其温度在350℃以上。研究区不同站位间悬浮体丰度和保存程度差异明显,这与距离热液活动点远近有着较好的关系。 相似文献
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对新近(2014年)采自冲绳海槽南部Yonaguni Knoll IV热液活动区和中部伊平屋热液活动区的金属硫化物样品分别进行了X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析,旨在通过对比分析两个热液活动区金属硫化物的元素地球化学特征,探讨两个不同热液活动区成矿元素的富集规律、热液成矿的作用过程及其区域差异。研究结果表明:在冲绳海槽中部和南部热液区分布有两种金属硫化物,分别为富Fe-Zn型硫化物和Ba-Zn-Pb型硫化物(+硫酸盐);相较于大洋中脊和其它弧后盆地的热液硫化物,研究区硫化物中Pb的含量明显较高,而Cu和Fe的含量相对较低,这与冲绳海槽存在较厚的沉积盖层有关;无论是常量元素、微量元素、还是稀土元素(REE),其含量和相关的特征值都变化较大,表明研究区热液硫化物形成于不同的热液成矿阶段;富Fe-Zn型硫化物是在高温热液活动阶段形成的,而Ba-Zn-Pb型硫化物(+硫酸盐)则形成于热液喷出海底与海水混合的过程中,成矿温度较低;即使在同一热液活动区,成矿环境也有较大变化,主要表现在成矿温度的波动上;研究区热液硫化物中REE的配分模式特征表明硫化物中REE的物源相同,但经历的过程(REE的迁移和富集)有所不同,反映了热液硫化物形成于不同的热液成矿阶段;热液成矿作用存在区域性差异,海槽南部的成矿温度较中部低,成矿物质来源方面,南部热液区硫化物的Pb含量较中部高,表明其成矿物质可能部分来源于沉积物。 相似文献
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随着对海底热液多金属硫化物矿床的研究越来越深入,贵金属金(Au)和银(Ag)的赋存形式和沉淀机制被科学家广泛关注。相比于Au,前人对大洋中脊热液区中Ag的产出状态和富集机制研究相对较少。中印度洋Edmond热液区Ag平均含量为47×10-6,明显高于洋中脊环境产出的多金属硫化物中的平均Ag含量(2.78×10-6)。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜对Edmond热液区硫化物样品进行了详细的观察,确定了该热液区矿物组合、分期以及自然银的赋存形式,并初步探讨了自然银的沉淀机制。Edmond热液区硫化物主要为闪锌矿,其次是黄铁矿、黄铜矿和白铁矿,此外还观察到针钠铁矾、重晶石、硬石膏以及自然银等矿物。根据矿物结构和共生组合,Edmond热液区硫化物成矿过程大致可以分为3个阶段：阶段Ⅰ的主要矿物组合为一期黄铁矿(Py1)、重晶石、硬石膏等;阶段Ⅱ主要矿物为白铁矿;阶段Ⅲ则有二期黄铁矿(Py2)、黄铜矿、粗粒闪锌矿、等轴古巴矿等矿物结晶。自然银主要以细小颗粒的形式存在于Py1的边缘或者内部包体之中。Ag在Edmond热液区的主要迁移形式为AgCl2 相似文献
8.
相比于快速和中速扩张洋中脊,慢速和超慢速扩张洋中脊热液区通常含有丰富的金属硫化物资源。近年来的研究表明大洋中脊的扩张速率与矿石中金的品位呈明显的负相关,即超慢速扩张洋中脊热液区矿石中金的含量高。前人对龙旂热液区的构造环境以及硫化物组合进行了详细研究,但是对龙旂热液区硫化物中贵金属金的赋存形式和沉淀机制研究较少。本文对西南印度洋龙旂热液区中的硫化物进行了精细的矿物结构和微量元素分析,并探讨了金的赋存形式和沉淀机制。龙旂热液区的硫化物主要以黄铁矿为主,其次是黄铜矿和闪锌矿,黄铜矿普遍出溶等轴古巴矿,此外还观察到了少量的针钠铁矾和自然金等矿物。根据矿物结构和形态,黄铁矿明显被划分为两期,一期黄铁矿（Py1）自形度低,呈细粒状或胶状,内部多孔洞;二期黄铁矿（Py2）自形度高,呈自形-半自形,且粒径较大。Py1往往存在于Py2内部或以包体的形式被Py2所包裹,Py2则与自形-半自形黄铜矿和闪锌矿等矿物共生。自然金主要存在于Py1的内部孔洞之中,少量存在于Py2以及Py2与其他硫化物之间。相比于Py2,Py1含有更高的Ni、Zn、Pb、Ba、Mn、V、Mg、U、Au、Ag、Cd元素含量,更低的Co... 相似文献
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西南印度洋63.5°E热液区是在超慢速扩张洋脊发现的首个超镁铁质岩热液系统。对取自该区的热液硫化物样品进行了系统的矿物学和地球化学分析，矿物学分析结果表明:该热液区硫化物为富Fe型高温硫化物，且经历了较深程度的氧化蚀变，大量中间态的Fe氧化物充填在硫化物矿物间的孔隙及内部解理中；这些硫化物相以白铁矿为主，其次是等轴古巴矿和少量铜蓝，缺乏黄铁矿、闪锌矿。据推断，该区的热液成矿作用分为4个阶段:低温白铁矿阶段→高温等轴古巴矿阶段→自形白铁矿阶段→后期海底风化阶段（少量铜蓝以及大量的Fe的羟氧化物）。与之相对应，地球化学分析结果表明这些硫化物的Fe含量较高（31.57%~44.59%），Cu含量次之（0.16%~7.24%），而Zn含量普遍较低（0.01%~0.11%）；微量元素较为富集Co（328×10-6~2 400×10-6）和Mn（48.5×10-6~1 730×10-6）。该区硫化物中较高含量的Fe、Co与超镁铁质岩热液系统相似，明显高于镁铁质岩热液系统。独特的热液硫化物矿物学特征和元素组成可能与该区普遍出露的地幔岩、橄榄岩蛇纹石化作用以及拆离断层的广泛发育的环境有关。 相似文献
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慢速扩张洋中脊热液成矿的典型实例——青藏高原北部德尔尼铜矿地质对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青海德尔尼铜矿是发育在青藏高原北部的块状硫化物矿床,其赋矿围岩为阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩套中的超基性岩,代表了古特提斯洋的残骸。通过对德尔尼铜矿的详细地质解剖,认为其保留了大量海底热液喷流的地质记录,包括:矿体上部普遍发育的薄层喷流岩;多孔状硫化物中保留下来的胶状结构、草莓结构和角砾结构;矿石的主要矿物组成;与黄铁矿碎屑同期形成的方解石、长英质胶结物;与大西洋Rainbow、TAG热液硫化物矿床相似的矿体分带性。根据洋脊玄武岩中TiO2全岩含量估算德尔尼蛇绿岩所代表的这一段古特提斯洋洋中脊为慢速-超慢速扩张洋中脊,半扩张速率为1.1~2.5cm/a。类比现今洋中脊热液硫化物成矿过程,认为德尔尼铜矿经历了海底喷流、冷却保存和俯冲侵位等3个阶段,其中海底喷流阶段可能与洋底核杂岩具有成因联系,俯冲侵位过程中的矿体和超基性岩、玄武岩受逆冲断层控制。与世界上其他陆地上保存的类似矿床相比,德尔尼铜矿时代年轻(石炭纪),矿床结构和构造及其围岩蚀变特征保存完整,是慢速-超慢速洋脊超基性围岩热液成矿作用的典型实例,可以称之为德尔尼型成矿作用,研究其成矿过程,对研究和理解现今洋中脊超基性岩系统热液成矿作用(尤其是深部成矿作用)具有重要的意义。 相似文献
11.
Mineralogical characteristics of polymetallic sulfides from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field near 15°S,southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A seafloor hydrothermal field, named Deyin-1 later, near 15°S southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge(SMAR) was newly found during the 22 nd cruise carried out by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research Development Association(COMRA). Sulfide samples were collected at three stations from the hydrothermal field during the26 th cruise in 2012. In this paper, mineralogical characteristics of the sulfides were analyzed with optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe to study the crystallization sequence of minerals and the process of hydrothermal mineralization. According to the difference of the ore-forming metal elements, the sulfide samples can be divided into three types:(1) the Ferich sulfide, which contains mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite;(2) the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide consisting predominantly of pyrite, chalcopyrite and isocubanite, with lesser amount of sphalerite, marmatite and pyrrhotine; and(3) the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide dominated by pyrite, sphalerite and marmatite, with variable amounts of chalcopyrite, isocubanite, pyrrhotine, marcasite, galena and gratonite. Mineral precipitations in these sulfides are in the sequence of chalcopyrite(isocubanite and possible coarse pyrite), fine pyrite,sphalerite(marmatite), galena, gratonite and then the minerals out of the dissolution. Two morphologically distinct generations(Py-I and Py-II) of pyrite are identified in each of the samples; inclusions of marmatite tend to exist in the coarse pyrite crystals(Py-I). Sphalerite in the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide is characterized by a"chalcopyrite disease" phenomenon. Mineral paragenetic relationships and a wide range of chemical compositions suggest that the environment of hydrothermal mineralization was largely changing. By comparison, the Fe-rich sulfide was formed in a relatively stable environment with a high temperature, but the conditions for the formation of the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide were variable. The Fe-Zn-rich sulfide was precipitated during the hydrothermal venting at relatively low temperature. 相似文献
12.
Geochemistry of pyrite and chalcopyrite from an active black smoker in 49.6°E Southwest Indian Ridge
Bo Yuan Yaomin Yang Hongjun Yu Yuexia Zhao Qingfeng Ding Jichao Yang Xin Tang 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2018,39(3):441-461
Active hydrothermal chimneys, as the product of submarine hydrothermal activity, can be used to determine the fluid evolution and formation process of potential volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits. A hard-won specimen from an active hydrothermal chimney was collected in the 49.6°E ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) field through a television-guided grab. A geochemical study of prominent sulfide (e.g., pyrite and chalcopyrite) included in this sample was performed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The early sulfides produced at low temperature are of disseminated fine-grained anhedral morphology, whereas the late ones with massive, coarse euhedral features precipitated in a high-temperature setting. The systematic variations in the contents of minor and trace elements are apparently related to the crystallization sequence, as well as to texture. Micro-disseminated anhedral sulfides rich in Pb, As, Ni, Ba, Mn, Mo, U, and V were formed during the initial chimney wall growth, whereas those rich in Sn, Se, and Co with massive, coarse euhedral morphology were formed within the late metallogenic stage. The hydrothermal fluid composition has experienced a great change during the chimney growth. Such a conclusion is consistent with that indicated by using principal component analysis, which is a powerful statistical analysis method widely used to project multidimensional datasets (e.g., element contents in different mineral phases) into a few directions. This distribution pattern points to crystallographic controls on minor and trace element uptake during chimney growth, occurring with concomitant variations in the fluid composition evolutionary history. In this pyrite-chalcopyrite-bearing active hydrothermal chimney at the SWIR, the metal concentration and precipitation of sulfides largely occurred at the seafloor as a result of mixing between the upwelling hot hydrothermal fluid and cold seawater. Over the course of mixing, significant variations in metal solubility were caused by changes in temperature, pH, and redox conditions in the parental fluid phase. 相似文献
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TAO Chunhui WU Guanghai DENG Xianming QIU Zhongyan HAN Chenhu LONG Yanmei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(8):85-88
The 26th Chinese COMRA (China Ocean Mineral Resources Research & Development Association) cruise was an important cruise. The Carlsberg Ridge (CR) of the Northwest Indian Ocean and the North Atlantic Ridge (NAR), in which less investigation has been carried out for hydrothermal activities, were investigated and studied during the first two legs of the 26th COMRA cruise. During the first leg, we found one hydrothermal activity field located in the CR at 3.5 -3.8 N on the Northwest Indian Ocean Ridge (NWIR), and sampled seafloor polymetallic sulfide deposits where only abnormalities were found before. During the second leg, we found a new hydrothermal anomaly field located in the NAR at 4 -7 N. The discovery of two hydrothermal and anomaly fields filled in the gap of hydrothermal investigation and study in the corresponding regions for China. 相似文献
14.
热液羽状流是海底热液活动的重要标志，海底多金属硫化物是热液活动的产物。现阶段洋中脊多金属硫化物勘探工作的第一步是开展热液羽状流的近底探测；综合各类异常信息，实现从发现热液活动喷口到发现矿床的突破。本文以热液羽状流为研究对象，从羽状流的近底探测、扩散机制和分布特征3个方面，概述了最新的研究进展和有待完善的方面，阐述了羽状流在洋中脊多金属硫化物找矿中的指示作用，最后总结性地指出时空连续性、参数多元化将是热液探测的发展趋势，有助于提升对热液羽状流分布特征的认识，将为热液区分布模式的研究提供更加精细的探测资料。 相似文献
15.
Yu. A. Bogdanov A. Yu. Lein A. A. Ul’yanov V. V. Maslennikov N. V. Ul’yanova A. M. Sagalevich 《Oceanology》2006,46(1):81-94
In 2003, several hydrothermal mounds located at 9°50′ N on the East Pacific Rise were described and sampled during the expedition of R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh during dives of Mir deep-sea manned submersibles. These hydrothermal mounds were formed during a few recent years after the volcanic activity in this region that occurred in 1991. The studies of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the hydrothermal deposits of these mounds and of the chemical composition of the principal sulfide minerals helped to describe the initial stage of the formation of the hydrothermal circulation system and the initiation of the hydrothermal ore formation. 相似文献