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1.
南大洋气旋气候与变化特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A new climatology of cyclones in the Southern Ocean is generated by applying an automated cyclone detection and tracking algorithm(developed by Hodges at the Reading University) for an improved and relatively highresolution European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis during 1979–2013.A validation shows that identified cyclone tracks are in good agreement with a available analyzed cyclone product.The climatological characteristics of the Southern Ocean cyclones are then analyzed,including track,number,density,intensity,deepening rate and explosive events.An analysis shows that the number of cyclones in the Southern Ocean has increased for 1979–2013,but only statistically significant in summer.Coincident with the circumpolar trough,a single high-density band of cyclones is observed in 55°–67°S,and cyclone density has generally increased in north of this band for 1979–2013,except summer.The intensity of up to 70% cyclones in the Southern Ocean is less than 980 h Pa,and only a few cyclones with pressure less than 920 h Pa are detected for1979–2013.Further analysis shows that a high frequency of explosive cyclones is located in the band of 45°–55°S,and the Atlantic Ocean sector has much higher frequent occurrence of the explosive cyclones than that in the Pacific Ocean sector.Additionally,the relationship between cyclone activities in the Southern Ocean and the Southern Annular Mode is discussed. 相似文献
2.
The characteristic differences of tropical cyclones forming over the western North Pacific and the South China Sea 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
The best track dataset of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific (WNP) and the South China Sea (SCS) from 1977 to 2005 during the satellite era, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset and the extended reconstructed sea surface temperature dataset are employed in this study. The main climatological characteristics of tropical cyclone formation over the WNP and the SCS are compared. It is found that there is obviously different for the locations of tropical cyclone origins, achieving the lowest central pressure and termination points between over the WNP and over the SCS. The annual number of tropical cyclones forming over the SCS is obviously less than over the WNP, and there is a significant negative correlation with the correlation coefficient being -0.36 at the 5% significance level between over the WNP and over the SCS. The mean speed of tropical cyclone moving is 6.5 m /s over the WNP and 4.6 m /s over the SCS. The mean lowest central pressure of tropical cyclones is obviously weaker over the SCS than over the WNP. The tropical cyclone days per year, mean total distance and total displacement of tropical cyclone traveled over the WNP are all obviously longer than those over the SCS. Tropical cyclone may intensify to Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale 5 over the WNP, but no tropical cyclone can intensify to Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale 3 over the SCS. The changing ranges of the radii(R15,R16) of the 15.4 m /s winds them and the 25.7 m /s winds over the WNP are obviously wider than those over the SCS, and the median values of the radii over the WNP are also larger than those over the SCS. For the same intensity of tropical cyclones, both radii have larger medians over the WNP than over the SCS. The correlations of annual mean tropical cyclone size parameters between over the WNP and over the SCS are not significant. At the same time, the asymmetric radii of tropical cyclones over the WNP are different from those over the SCS. 相似文献
3.
我国南极科考站附近气旋的特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文基于欧洲中心的ERA-Interim再分析数据,采用雷丁大学的气旋自动识别与追踪算法,建立了1979-2013年中国南极科学考察站长城站、中山站以及泰山站划定的统计区域内气旋数据集。基于这套数据,分析了3个站区附近气旋的气候特征,包括:气旋数量、空间分布、强度、加深率等,并研究了达到爆发性发展的气旋的时空特征。分析表明,长城站以及中山站气旋数量均有增加趋势,但都未达到显著水平;泰山站气旋数量的减少趋势达到显著性水平。3个站区的气旋统计表明,长城站统计区域内气旋活动最频繁,且爆发性气旋活动相对较多;中山站、长城站气旋的数量和空间分布具有季节变化,气旋数量夏季较其他3个季节偏少、偏弱;泰山站气旋活动最少,并且大部分影响到该站的气旋都处于消亡阶段,气旋的强度较弱,故气旋活动对该站的影响较弱。 相似文献
4.
我国近海热带气旋活动的气候特征及其与大尺度环境场的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1949~2004年共54 a的热带气旋资料,通过对历年影响我国近海(距海岸线300 n mile范围内)25°N以北及以南热带气旋的基本要素特征值的分析,发现我国近海25°N以北与以南热带气旋影响的频数和年代际变化不一致,尤其是20世纪80年代中期以来呈现反位相特征,近海25°N以北TC偏多,强度强;25°N以南TC偏少,强度弱.对热带气旋个数偏多年与偏少年对应的夏季海温场、高度场的合成分析,发现25°N以北偏多年比以南偏多年的东太平洋海温负距平强度大、范围广,高度距平场上反映出25°N以北偏多年西太平洋(包括南海)负高度距平区更为偏北、偏东;25°N以北TC偏少年时,中东太平洋海温为正距平区,高度场上太平洋低纬区域基本为正距平区,太平洋高纬区域是负距平区,而以南TC偏少年中东太平洋海温是负距平区,高度场上太平洋高纬区域是正距平区.文中还对当年前期各月海温场、高度场与当年以北、以南热带气旋个数分别作了相关分析,得出了一些实用有效的预报因子. 相似文献
5.
Numerical modeling of extreme sea levels associated with tropical cyclones in the Indian seas has been confined to the northern part of the Bay of Bengal (north of Tamil Nadu). However, limited attempts have been made for modeling of surges along the Tamil Nadu and Sri Lankan coasts. Although, very rarely, cyclones form south of 10°N, there are some instances of severe cyclonic storms hitting these areas and causing widespread destruction to life and property. Keeping this in view, a suitable location-specific, high-resolution, numerical model has been developed for the prediction of storm surges in these regions with a grid resolution of 3 km. Using the model, numerical experiments are performed to simulate the storm surge associated with the 1964 Rameswaram cyclone, the 1978 Batticaloa cyclone, the 1992 Tuticorin cyclone, the 1993 Karaikal cyclone, and the 1994 Madras cyclone. During the years 1964, 1978, and 1992, the cyclones struck both Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu coasts, while in 1993 and 1994, the cyclones struck only the Tamil Nadu coast. It is found that the computed sea surface elevations are in close agreement with the available observations/estimates. 相似文献
6.
Numerical modeling of extreme sea levels associated with tropical cyclones in the Indian seas has been confined to the northern part of the Bay of Bengal (north of Tamil Nadu). However, limited attempts have been made for modeling of surges along the Tamil Nadu and Sri Lankan coasts. Although, very rarely, cyclones form south of 10°N, there are some instances of severe cyclonic storms hitting these areas and causing widespread destruction to life and property. Keeping this in view, a suitable location-specific, high-resolution, numerical model has been developed for the prediction of storm surges in these regions with a grid resolution of 3 km. Using the model, numerical experiments are performed to simulate the storm surge associated with the 1964 Rameswaram cyclone, the 1978 Batticaloa cyclone, the 1992 Tuticorin cyclone, the 1993 Karaikal cyclone, and the 1994 Madras cyclone. During the years 1964, 1978, and 1992, the cyclones struck both Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu coasts, while in 1993 and 1994, the cyclones struck only the Tamil Nadu coast. It is found that the computed sea surface elevations are in close agreement with the available observations/estimates. 相似文献
7.
Amal C. Phadke Christopher D. Martino Kwok Fai Cheung Samuel H. Houston 《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(4):5039-578
This paper compares three commonly used parametric models of tropical cyclone winds and evaluates their application in the wave model WAM. The parametric models provide surface wind fields based on best tracks of tropical cyclones and WAM simulates wave growth based on the wind energy input. The model package is applied to hindcast the wind and wave conditions of Hurricane Iniki, which directly hit the Hawaiian Island of Kauai in 1992. The parametric wind fields are evaluated against buoy and aircraft measurements made during the storm. A sensitivity analysis determines the spatial and spectral resolution needed to model the wave field of Hurricane Iniki. Comparisons of the modeled waves with buoy measurements indicate good agreement within the core of the storm and demonstrate the capability of the model package as a forecasting tool for emergency management. 相似文献
8.
1949-2017年南海海域热带气旋强度和路径快速变化统计特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为进一步认识南海地区热带气旋强度和路径快速变化的统计特征，利用中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的1949–2017年的热带气旋最佳路径数据集，统计分析了不同强度等级热带气旋发生强度和路径快速变化的特征。结果表明:(1)由强热带风暴快速加强为台风、以及由台风快速加强为强台风是热带气旋强度快速加强发生频率最多的事件；强度快速加强次数以1次居多，一般不会超过2次；但大部分途经南海的热带气旋出现快速加强时都在南海以外的地区，在南海出现快速加强的概率仅为9.8%。(2)不同强度的热带气旋，其强度的维持时间长短对其强度快速加强有重要影响，一般在该强度的前24 h是快速加强的最佳阶段，当其中心气压下降速度超过?12.0 hPa/(6 h)时容易出现台风级别或以上的强度快速加强，且热带气旋快速加强容易出现在海温偏高地区。(3)南海地区热带气旋路径的偏转主要出现在西行路径中，其中以5°～30°的偏转为最常见，占到全部热带气旋总数的48.65%，不过，按照定义的路径快速转向标准，路径快速转向的概率仅有15.13%。随着热带气旋强度的增强，南海地区发生路径快速转向的频次迅速减少，路径快速转向主要出现在近海岸地区和南海中北部偏东区域。这些结果进一步细化和丰富了对南海地区热带气旋强度和路径快速变化的认识。 相似文献
9.
V. V. Efimov M. V. Shokurov D. A. Yarovaya 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(6):667-686
The paper describes results of numerical experiments on the simulation of a mesoscale quasi-tropical cyclone, a rare event for the Black Sea, with the MM5 regional atmospheric circulation model. General characteristics of the cyclone and its evolution and physical formation mechanisms are discussed. The balances of the momentum components have been estimated, and sensitivity experiments have been performed. It is shown that, according to its main physical properties and energy supply mechanisms, the cyclone can be related to quasi-tropical cyclones. 相似文献
10.
I. A. Rudeva 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2008,44(3):273-278
Extratropical cyclones were identified on the basis of sea level pressure NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the Northern Hemisphere from 1948 to 2004. Cyclone positions were determined with a time interval of 6 h. Cyclone sizes were obtained with the use of a numerical scheme based on a rotation of the spherical coordinate system such that the pole of the new coordinate system coincided with the cyclone center. Cyclone sizes were determined at each step of the trajectory. The last closed isobar was assumed to be the outer boundary of the cyclone. The pressure deficit in the cyclone center was regarded as a characteristic of the intensity of a synoptic formation. The interrelation between the number of cyclones and their sizes was estimated for all extratropical cyclones of the Northern Hemisphere regardless of the stage of their development. The number of cases being analyzed is 1.5 × 106. Cyclone areas vary from 0.13 × 106 to 6.4 × 106 km2, and 80% of extratropical cyclones have an intensity of 1–15 hPa. The distribution of the number of cyclones depending on their intensities is shown to be of an exponential character. The distributions of the number of cyclones were approximated with a very high accuracy, so that the regularities obtained are very stable during the past several decades. 相似文献
11.
利用2008?2018年逐小时自动站资料、常规地面高空观测资料、NCEP-FNL资料,统计黄、渤海7级及以上气旋大风过程,围绕气旋加深率和气压梯度讨论气象因子与气旋强度和发展关系,根据Petterssen地面气旋发展公式讨论温度平流、涡度平流和非绝热加热在气旋中的作用。结果表明:(1) 70.5%气旋入海后加强,14.7%成为爆发性气旋,17.6%气旋入海过程强度不变,11.7%气旋入海后减弱。影响黄、渤海的温带气旋过程主要发生在秋季,春冬季次之,夏季一次也没有出现过。入海发展的气旋多位于200 hPa高空急流出口左侧或者分流辐散区,入海减弱的气旋多位于高空急流出口右侧。(2)影响黄、渤海域的气旋有3类:自西北向东南移动的蒙古气旋(17.6%);自西向东移动的黄河气旋(49%);自西南向东北移动的江(黄)淮气旋(33.4%)。江(黄)淮气旋在秋季容易发展为爆发性气旋。黄河气旋和蒙古气旋入海后最大风区域通常出现在气旋的西北象限(或偏西象限),江(黄)淮气旋最大风区域出现在气旋的东南象限。(3)温度平流是气旋入海发展最重要的物理量因子,温度平流对气旋入海发展比对气旋强度更敏感。5次爆发性气旋过程中温度平流和涡度平流均高于其他气旋过程。非绝热加热与气旋强度的相关性较强,与气旋发展相关性弱。(4)江(黄)淮气旋过程中温度平流和非绝热加热较强,黄河气旋过程中涡度平流较强,涡度平流和非绝热加热对蒙古气旋的作用较弱。 相似文献
12.
北极气旋的季节、年际变化及其与北极海冰、大气遥相关的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The seasonal and inter-annual variations of Arctic cyclone are investigated. An automatic cyclone tracking algorithm developed by University of Reading was applied on the basis of European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) ERA-interim mean sea level pressure field with 6 h interval for 34 a period. The maximum number of the Arctic cyclones is counted in winter, and the minimum is in spring not in summer.About 50% of Arctic cyclones in summer generated from south of 70°N, moving into the Arctic. The number of Arctic cyclones has large inter-annual and seasonal variabilities, but no significant linear trend is detected for the period 1979–2012. The spatial distribution and linear trends of the Arctic cyclones track density show that the cyclone activity extent is the widest in summer with significant increasing trend in CRU(central Russia)subregion, and the largest track density is in winter with decreasing trend in the same subregion. The linear regressions between the cyclone track density and large-scale indices for the same period and pre-period sea ice area indices show that Arctic cyclone activities are closely linked to large-scale atmospheric circulations, such as Arctic Oscillation(AO), North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and Pacific-North American Pattern(PNA). Moreover,the pre-period sea ice area is significantly associated with the cyclone activities in some regions. 相似文献
13.
本文采用气旋自动识别与追踪算法，基于欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA-Interim平均海平面气压场，建立1979-2015年共37年7-10月北极西北航道东西两个区域的气旋数据。数据包括气旋中心经纬度以及中心最低气压值。基于这套数据，分析了北极7-10月西北航道气旋数量特征、空间密度分布、强度特征、加深以及爆发性气旋的活动情况。西北航道东西两段的气旋个数存在显著的差异，东段气旋个数是西段区域的2~2.5倍，并且两段个数变化趋势不一致，西段的气旋个数趋势呈不显著的减少，东段的个数呈不显著上升趋势。西北航道气旋强度偏弱，中心最低气压达980 hPa的气旋仅占不到总数的5%。最低中心气压集中分布在990~1 000 hPa之间。1979-2015年以来，东段的气旋强度趋势增强，西段气旋在2002年以前也是显著的增强，2002年以后强度减弱。气旋的生命史集中在7 d以内，东段1 d以内的气旋个数明显偏多。西段气旋高密度区域主要分布在74°N以北的波弗特海北部，东段主要分布在巴芬湾的东北侧和巴芬岛的东南侧，近几年来其主要密度分布区域东西两段存在南移以及略微变化。西北航道内爆发性气旋的增长位置集中在70°N的沿岸附近，尤其是加拿大北部以及格陵兰西海岸附近。大西洋震荡指数与东段气旋的个数有较好的正相关。 相似文献
14.
中国近海温带气旋的时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于1979-2012年共34年的ECMWF逐日4次平均海平面气压的再分析资料,采用英国雷丁大学气旋客观追踪算法,对出现在我国近海的温带气旋(气旋生命史1d以上,移动距离大于500km)的时空分布特征进行统计分析。结论包括以下几点:(1)1979-2012年进入中国近海的温带气旋平均每年45个,气旋数量呈现春夏多而秋冬少的特点。20世纪90年代初至今,气旋数量呈增加趋势,其中北部海区气旋数量增加达到显著水平,东部海区气旋数量表现为不显著减少,故认为影响中国近海的气旋路径有北移的趋势。(2)进入我国近海的温带气旋主要有4个生成源地,按比例由高到低分别是江淮气旋(38.9%),东海气旋(25.2%),黄河气旋(24.3%)以及蒙古气旋(11.6%)。气旋入海后,当大气海洋条件适合时,可以爆发性增长,气旋爆发性增长的主要区域在朝鲜半岛及以东洋面以及日本以东洋面,在我国近海气旋爆发的比例较小。(3)气旋生命史主要为1~7d,但生命史为1~4d的气旋比例最大,平均占气旋总数的52%,其中夏季长生命史气旋(大于10d)的比例最大,为8%,冬季最少,接近3%。冬季气旋最强,气压分布区间大;夏季弱气旋多,中心气压分布集中。 相似文献
15.
Analysis and prognosis of tropical cyclone genesis over the western North Pacific on the background of global warming 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
1 IntroductionAs is well known, the increasing greenhousegas and SO2extricated into the atmosphere due to hu-man activities have alreadyresulted in the global sur-face air temperature (SAT) and sea surface temper-ature (SST) rising. The globally mean surf… 相似文献
16.
用重建相空间的方法,研究了１９７０、１９８８年西北太平洋共３３９个台风路径。结果表明,发生于不同源区的台风数目各不相同;通过台风路径的相关积分的计算,发现其相应分维数受台风不同源区的影响和台风生命时间的限制。 相似文献
17.
海浪不仅决定着海洋表面的粗糙度,由热带气旋引起的海浪,还通过其发展演化控制着大部分的海气之间的动量和能量传递。本文采用热带气旋观测数据IBTrACS和海浪模式WW III的模拟结果探究了热带气旋下海浪对大气向海洋输入的动量和能量的影响。结果发现,近30 a热带气旋的强度约每10 a增加 1 m/s,但移速没有明显变化。热带气旋的强度越大,从大气输入到海浪和从海浪输入到海流中的动量之差和能量之差也越大。由于热带气旋的风场和海浪场都有较强的不对称性,海气动量差和能量差也表现出非均匀分布:动量差较大的区域在热带气旋移动方向的后方,能量差的最大值则分布在右后象限,且二者均为左前方比较小。逆波龄与动量差和能量差呈高度正相关,相关系数约为0.95,说明波越年轻吸收的动量和能量越多。气旋移速越快逆波龄越大,且热带气旋移动速度与动量差和能量差呈正相关,相关系数在0.8以上。因此,海浪影响着大气向海洋输入的动量和能量的分布和大小,在以后关于海洋边界动力学和热力学的研究中,考虑海浪的演化可能会使结果更加准确。 相似文献
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本文利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)提供的0.125(°)×0.125(°)的ERA-Interim再分析资料、美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,NASA)提供的MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)可见光云图、气象卫星合作研究所(Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies,CIMSS)提供的GOES-EAST红外卫星云图等资料以及WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)数值模式的模拟结果,对2003年3月北大西洋上一个爆发性气旋B“吞并”另一个气旋A后快速发展机制进行了分析。气旋A和B均生成于美国东部,气旋A于2003年3月5日06 UTC生成,气旋B于6日00 UTC生成,且比气旋A向东北方向移动得更快,7日18 UTC达到最大加深率3.27 hPa·h-1。在北大西洋中部地区,从8日00 UTC开始,气旋B吞并气旋A后形成气旋C,8日12 UTC气旋C中心气压达到最低值938.3 hPa。高空急流、低空水汽输送和潜热释放为气旋A和气旋B的快速发展提供了有利的环流背景场。气旋B吞并气旋A的过程经历三个阶段:前期阶段、吞并阶段、完成阶段。利用WRF模式模拟结果的分析表明,气旋A和B之间建立水汽输运通道,水汽从气旋A向气旋B输送。气旋B吞并气旋A后形成气旋C快速发展的主要原因是暖平流的作用。 相似文献
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M. I. Yaroshevich 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(5):505-507
During the periods of cyclonic activity, tropical cyclones frequently develop in groups partially coinciding in time. In the “atmosphere–ocean” system, the conditions favoring the development of tropical cyclones are limited. In such setting, a “competition struggle” between tropical cyclones suggesting their possible interrelation is possible. As a result of this study, a regression signature illustrating the energetic impact of a group of tropical cyclones on the development of an individual cyclone in this group has been revealed. 相似文献