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1.
南海东北部陆坡天然气水合物区的滑塌和泥火山活动 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文研究了南海东北部陆坡天然气水合物区滑塌和泥火山活动的特征及表现形式,探讨了滑塌和泥火山活动对天然气水合物成藏的影响,提出了滑塌主导和滑塌、泥火山共同作用两种控制模式。根据地震数据、浅层剖面和海底地形数据解释,将研究区划分为规则滑塌区和泥火山活动影响区,并识别出泥火山、泥火山脊、凹槽、凹坑等特征地形。滑塌和泥火山活动是陆坡天然气水合物发育区重要的地形控制因素,两种活动共同作用产生复杂的地形特征。综合多条地震测线中似海底反射层(BSR)形态、连续性和滑塌、泥火山活动的关系,认为滑塌控制的区域,BSR连续,天然气水合物储藏较完整,泥火山活动区天然气水合物储藏也仅受到局部破坏。同时指出滑塌和泥火山活动对研究区长期天然气渗漏活动具有重要作用。 相似文献
2.
南海北部陆架主要地貌特征及灾害地质因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用最新高精度多波束水深资料,对南海北部陆架地貌类型和特征进行了系统的识别和分析,发现研究区活动沙波、滑塌体、隆起脊、沟槽和麻坑等灾害地质因素发育。沙波多为直线型沙波,小、中、大型沙波均有发育,自北向南随着水深增大,沙波规模增大,沙波的活动性显著增强。底流内波特征变化与沙波规模和迁移情况具有一致性,沙波的形成和迁移与内波活动密切相关。根据滑塌特征地貌识别出7处滑塌,新老滑塌均有发育,新滑塌多呈线状延伸,梯状滑塌特征明显,分析认为新滑塌近期并无进一步滑动的趋势。受古岸线残留地貌控制,南部地形起伏较大,发育一系列隆起脊,K1—K4隆起脊近NE—SW走向平行排列,K5隆起脊为E—W走向与之相交。另外,研究区发育大量麻坑,直径30～100m,麻坑深度1.0～3.0m。 相似文献
3.
冲绳海槽西部陆坡碎屑沉积物的搬运方式:滑塌和重力流 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
通过对冲绳海槽2000多公里的实测单道地震资料(95和99航次)和沉积物柱状样(92航次)分析,认为滑塌和重力流是冲绳海槽西部陆坡(东海陆坡)碎屑沉积物向海槽搬运的重要方式;分析结果表明,西部陆坡这两种作用是广泛存在的。陆坡沉积物堆积速率、地形坡度和构造活动、地震、海啸等因素造成了陆坡南、北和中段之间的滑塌和重力流发育程度存在差异。海底滑塌和重力流这两种作用可以同时发生,也可以单独发生,但柱状样揭示重力流发生得更频繁。从空间分布上看,海底滑塌主要分布于上陆坡的断裂带附近,平行海槽呈带状延伸;而重力流沉积主要分布于断裂带向下一直到槽底的部位。重力流沉积主要有4种表现形式：1)沉积物重力蠕动;2)浊积平原;3)透镜状浊积体;4)沿斜坡的碎屑流沉积。上述研究表明,滑塌和重力流不仅是陆架向海槽输送物质的重要方式,也对陆坡沉积结构的塑造起了重要的作用。 相似文献
4.
《海洋地质前沿》2015,(8)
陆架坡折带特殊的地形地貌反映了其独特的水动力和沉积特征。根据水深和高分辨率单道地震资料对琼东南盆地陆架坡折带特征进行分析,旨在探讨现代陆架坡折带的成因及其沉积作用。研究结果表明,琼东南现代陆架坡折带呈NE—SW向展布,水深变化大,形态复杂,自西向东陆架坡折差异较大。西部陆架坡折带水深范围为250~700m,宽约7km,高差450m,坡度平均为2°,地形平缓,槽谷不发育;中部陆架坡折带水深范围为250~750m,宽约10km,高差500m,地形平均坡度为7°,槽谷呈V型或U型,长约5~6km,宽约3~8km,下切深度100~300m;东部陆架坡折带水深范围为400~1 500m,宽约30km,高差达1 100m,平均坡度为10°,槽谷呈"V"型,长约13~28km,宽约为3~4km,下切深度最大达500m。结合琼东南盆地构造区划和物源特征,对琼东南陆架坡折带沉积作用进行分析,划分坡折带类型。西部陆架坡折带以大量的沉积物不断加积为主,地形平缓,槽谷不发育,属堆积型陆架坡折;中部属过渡型陆架坡折带,沉积物供应量小,侵蚀和堆积作用同时存在,相互制约,槽谷规模小,滑塌作用较弱;东部为侵蚀型陆架坡折,以底流冲刷侵蚀为主,槽谷及滑塌发育。总体反映了不同区段位置沉积物供给,沉积物堆积,底流侵蚀等作用的差异,是形成现今陆架坡折地貌格局的重要因素。 相似文献
5.
跨越陆架的三角洲，不管是形成于高位期还是形成于海平面下降的低位期，都在陆架边缘产生了独特的沉积中心，使这里成为重要的勘探目标区。由于陆架边缘的独特性，三角洲体系进积到深水区时变的不稳定，这一点与稳定陆架上沉积的三角洲体系有很大的不同。不稳定三角洲产生了多种同沉积（早期）构造，包括生长断层、滑移断层以及众多的组合断层、底辟和重力滑塌构造。生长断层导致储集区域的扩大。下倾方向的三角洲系统与上倾方向的供给系统被主要的生长断层分离开，而且被高位期深水泥页岩包围，因此陆架边缘的三角洲是极好的勘探目标：因为它们具有超压地层、早期构造以及分布广泛的储层和良好的盖层。事实上，过去30年来在墨西哥湾的陆上和陆架地区，所有重大发现都位于这些陆架边缘三角洲系统中：如Tuscaloosa、Wilcox、Yegua、Vicksburg、Frio以及中新统滨岸带的发现。这些成藏组合并不仅仅存在于海湾盆地，它们可能会出现在任何三角洲达到的陆架边缘并前积进入深水的地带。海湾盆地的成功仅是世界范围内正在进行的这种类型沉积区勘探的一个开始，它们不仅提供了有意义的地质类比研究的对象，而且对勘探工作的指导有着重要作用。 相似文献
6.
杨永何高文刘方兰涂广红韦振权邓希光姚会强刘永刚 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(1):107-113
对嘉偕平顶山群重力数据进行了垂向导数处理,磁力数据进行了解析信号处理。重力垂向导数异常显示海山斜坡至坡底发育几个局部重力低异常,反映了此处存在低密度的沉积;磁解析信号异常显示海山斜坡山脊和山顶存在局部磁力高异常,反映了此处存在高磁性体。综合分析后认为重力垂向导数低异常可能是重力滑塌作用引起的碎屑流沉积的反映,磁解析信号高异常可能与侧翼裂谷带引起的岩墙侵入和火山活动相关,进而形成了斜坡山脊和山顶局部隆起。海山重力滑塌作用引起的碎屑流沉积多位于侧翼裂谷带附近区域,这可能是侧翼裂谷带处易发生岩墙侵入和火山活动,在此阵发性因素诱导下,易发生较大规模的重力滑塌。 相似文献
7.
边坡稳定是淤泥质海底航道安全运营的关键问题之一。海底航道边坡失稳滑塌过程的不同阶段浅地层剖面图像声纹特征不同。采用灰度共生矩阵和小波多尺度分解方法分析了航道边坡失稳滑塌过程浅地层剖面图像纹理特征。结果表明,对比度、能量、相关度和逆差距在边坡失稳滑塌过程中具有明显的差异,分别从不同方面刻画了浅地层剖面图像声纹的清晰度、纹理粗细、主要方向和规则性,以定量的形式显示其内在异质性。能量、相关度和逆差距的水平和垂直方向变化大于对角方向,水平方向波动最明显。浅地层剖面声强时间序列和垂向空间变化序列小波多尺度分解突出了声强变化的局部细节及其在各尺度上变化的强弱分布和突变点位置,克服了常规人工识读的困难,这些声纹特征是边坡失稳滑塌预测预警的重要依据,有助于对海底航道边坡稳定性的探测。 相似文献
8.
9.
珠江口盆地中部珠海组—珠江组层序结构及沉积特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
南海北部珠江口盆地珠海组分为SQ32、SQ25.5两个三级层序,珠江组划分为SQ23.8、SQ21、SQ17.5和SQ16.5四个三级层序,其中前3个层序分为水进域、高位域,后3个层序分为低位域、水进域和高位域。珠江组初期的白云运动使珠海组的浅水陆架环境变更为珠江组的陆架-陆坡沉积环境,造就了古地貌的更迭、层序界面的形成和沉积相的突变。层序界面在陆架主要为粗粒沉积物形成的侵蚀界面、浅水暴露界面,而陆坡为下切水道、丘状扇体底部侵蚀界面和滑塌层。层序的更迭使古珠江三角洲物源供给强度呈现强-弱-强-弱的特点,即珠海组时期的三角洲为陆架三角洲,沉积规模大;之后珠江组物源变弱,珠江组各层序低位域形成陆架边缘三角洲,水进域、高位域演化为陆架三角洲。低位期的三角洲前缘带越过坡折带沉积,并与陆架外的峡谷水道相连,三角洲进积、加积的碎屑沉积物向上陆坡内的白云凹陷内沉积,形成深水扇。因此,相对海平面变化、构造升降和沉积物供给强度控制着层序结构和沉积体展布。 相似文献
10.
为了明确白云凹陷北坡珠江组下段陆架边缘三角洲的形成演化阶段及其主要控制因素,采用地震沉积学、层序地层学的相关理论和方法,结合钻测井数据、地震反射结构特征和均方根振幅属性等资料,在前人研究的基础上对该陆架边缘三角洲的识别特征、演化模式和控制因素进行了重新认识和探讨分析。结果表明:陆架边缘三角洲在顺物源方向具有高角度斜交型前积反射,缺乏顶积层的海岸平原相,其前端发育盆底扇沉积;垂向沉积序列以多期反旋回的前三角洲、席状砂、河口沙坝和水下分流河道的叠置为特征,发育陆坡区常见的生物扰动、泥质条带变形和滑塌、滑动现象;珠江组下段陆架边缘三角洲形成于强制海退体系域时期,并伴随着盆底扇的发育,而低位体系域时期主要发育斜坡扇和低位楔状体;构造活动促使白云凹陷北坡在珠江组下段时期形成稳定分布的陆架坡折带,珠江组下段时期古珠江携带的充沛物源和该时期强烈的海平面下降使碎屑沉积物能够进积至陆架边缘,甚至陆坡地区形成陆架边缘三角洲沉积。 相似文献
11.
Michael S. Dinniman John M. Klinck Walker O. Smith Jr. 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2003,50(22-26):3103
Transport of warm, nutrient-rich Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) onto Antarctic continental shelves and coastal seas has important effects on physical and biological processes. The present study investigates the locations of this transport and its dynamics in the Ross Sea with a high-resolution three-dimensional numerical model. The model circulation is forced by daily wind stress along with heat and salt fluxes calculated from atmospheric climatologies by bulk formulae. All surface fluxes are modified by an imposed climatological ice cover. Waters under the Ross Ice Shelf are not included explicitly, but their effect on temperature and salinity is imposed in a buffer zone at the southern end of the model domain. A simple nutrient uptake is calculated based on the climatological chlorophyll distribution and Monod uptake kinetics.Model circulation is strongly affected by bottom topography, due to weak stratification, and agrees with schematics of the general flow and long-term current measurements except near the southern boundary. The sea-surface temperature is similar to satellite estimates except that the warmest simulated temperatures are slightly higher than observations. There is a significant correlation between the curvature of the shelf break and the transport across the shelf break. A momentum term balance shows that momentum advection helps to force flow across the shelf break in specific locations due to the curvature of the bathymetry (that is, the isobaths curve in front of the flow). For the model to create a strong intrusion of CDW onto the shelf, it appears two mechanisms are necessary. First, CDW is driven onto the shelf at least partially due to momentum advection and the curvature of the shelf break; then, the general circulation on the shelf takes the CDW into the interior. 相似文献
12.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(8):1423-1438
The distribution of nepheloid layers across the outer shelf and upper continental slope off Namibia was studied during a cruise with R.V. Meteor in late austral summer 2003. Optical measurements, carried out with a transmissometer and a backscattering fluorometer, are correlated with suspended particulate matter (SPM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) values from water sample filtration. Conductivity-temperature-depth and oxygen data are used to relate the nepheloid layers to hydrographic structures. The particle content of surface water at the continental slope is controlled primarily by the offshore extension of highly productive upwelling filaments. A pronounced bottom nepheloid layer (BNL) covers the entire area of study with maximum intensity above the outer shelf and at the shelf break—an area where erosional forces dominate. The detachment of this BNL at the shelf break feeds a major intermediate nepheloid layer (INL) at 25.5°S. This INL is positioned at 250–400 m depth, at the lower boundary of an oxygen minimum zone, and is likely connected to the poleward flow of South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) across the shelf break. Together, these strong subsurface nepheloid layers are indicators of intensive lateral particle transport from the outer shelf towards a depocenter of organic matter on the upper continental slope. 相似文献
13.
对南海北部陆架坡折附近取的50个表层沉积物样品,作粒度测试,计算粒度参数。粒度分析表明研究区的沉积物主要存在4种类型:含砾砂、砾质砂、砂质砾和含砾泥质砂;沉积物组分中砾石和砂占绝对优势,基本上不含黏土。综合因子分析和聚类分析的结果把研究区划分为4类沉积区:Ⅰ类沉积区属于内陆架沉积区,Ⅱ类沉积区属于陆架坡折上部沉积区,Ⅲ类沉积区属于陆架坡折下部沉积区,Ⅳ类沉积区区属于陆架边缘沉积区,每类沉积区都代表着不同的沉积环境。研究区沉积物的粒径趋势分析结果显示,陆架坡折附近的沉积物主要向内陆架和外陆架边缘或上陆坡输运,同时存在着跨陆架输运和沿陆架坡折输运现象,这与研究区实测的底流方向相一致。本研究表明,南海北部陆架坡折附近的沉积环境和沉积物输运模式比较复杂和特殊。本研究对今后陆架和陆坡区其他相关的研究具有十分重要的指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
14.
地形斜坡对东海黑潮陆架坡折锋稳定性影响研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究地形斜坡对东海黑潮陆架坡折锋稳定性的影响,利用简化的线性原始方程,在一定背景流的情况下,主要从增长率、相速度、空间结构和能量方面分析海底地形斜坡变化对坡折锋稳定性的影响。模式结果表明,平底地形时,扰动的强度大且扰动区域广,但有地形斜坡时,扰动区域变窄,强度变弱,地形对坡折锋起稳定性作用。通过能量分析得出东海黑潮陆架坡折锋是正压和斜压的混合不稳定,其中斜压不稳定占主导地位。实验分析得出,地形对东海黑潮陆架坡折锋起稳定作用,斜坡增大,斜压不稳定和正压不稳定均减弱,斜压不稳定减弱更明显。 相似文献
15.
《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(17):1351-1362
We use a 9-km pan-Arctic ice–ocean model to better understand the circulation and exchanges in the Bering Sea, particularly near the shelf break. This region has, historically, been undersampled for physical, chemical, and biological properties. Very little is known about how water from the deep basin reaches the large, shallow Bering Sea shelf. To address this, we examine here the relationship between the Bering Slope Current and exchange across the shelf break and resulting mass and property fluxes onto the shelf. This understanding is critical to gain insight into the effects that the Bering Sea has on the Arctic Ocean, especially in regard to recent indications of a warming climate in this region. The Bering Sea shelf break region is characterized by the northwestward-flowing Bering Slope Current. Previously, it was thought that once this current neared the Siberian coast, a portion of it made a sharp turn northward and encircled the Gulf of Anadyr in an anticyclonic fashion. Our model results indicate a significantly different circulation scheme whereby water from the deep basin is periodically moved northward onto the shelf by mesoscale processes along the shelf break. Canyons along the shelf break appear to be more prone to eddy activity and, therefore, are associated with higher rates of on-shelf transport. The horizontal resolution configured in this model now allows for the representation of eddies with diameters greater than 36 km; however, we are unable to resolve the smaller eddies. 相似文献
16.
基于中国第28、29和31次南极科学考察中的CTD数据,利用Thorpe尺度方法计算了普里兹湾及其附近海域湍动能耗散率,分析了其分布特征,并对当地的水团结构进行研究。结果表明,普里兹湾及其附近海域中,前两个航次观测中次表层湍动能耗散率强度在陆架坡折区域达到最大。在水团分布方面,在第28和29航次中均观测到了变性绕极深层水陆架入侵现象,水团分别向上涌升至海表以下100 m和200 m深度,向南均可达到67.5°S处。普里兹湾陆架坡折区域次表层湍动能耗散率强度分布与当地水团结构存在良好对应关系。研究认为变性绕极深层水入侵陆架,会使该深度水体变得不稳定,发生水体交换现象,最终造成该区域湍流混合强度加强。 相似文献
17.
中国第3次北极考察对白令海营养盐的分布及结构状况进行了观测分析,结果表明,白令海营养盐分布和结构状况区域性特征明显。海盆区表层DIN、磷酸盐和硅酸盐平均浓度分别为9.73,0.94,11.06 μmol/dm3;陆架区表层DIN,磷酸盐和硅酸盐平均浓度分别为0.60, 0.43, 3.74 μmol/dm3。营养盐高值主要出现在白令海西南部的海盆区和海峡口西南侧水域,低值出现于陆架边缘的陆坡区和陆架东部水域。白令海盆区真光层DIN,磷酸盐、硅酸盐浓度普遍较高,叶绿素浓度则较低,具有典型的高营养盐、低叶绿素(HNLC)特征。海盆区生物作用不是营养盐空间分布的主要调控因子,而陆架区营养盐的分布变化不仅受控于物理海洋输运过程的变化,同时也受夏季浮游生物生长、营养盐吸收消耗所影响。陆架和陆坡区表层海水N/P,Si/P比值平均分别为1.8, 9.9和3.2, 2.2,呈明显的低N/P,Si/P比值结构特征,陆坡区缺硅明显,陆架区缺氮显著。在白令海水域磷酸盐浓度普遍较高,它不可能成为浮游植物光合作用限制因子。受硅限制水域主要限于陆坡区硅藻大量繁殖时期,属偶然性限制,在白令海陆架区绝大部分水域主要表现为氮限制。 相似文献
18.
Raphael M. Kudela Newell Garfield Kenneth W. Bruland 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2006,53(25-26):2999
The NSF-sponsored Coastal Ocean Processes Wind Events and Shelf Transport (WEST) experiment investigates the interplay between wind-driven transport and shelf productivity; while eastern boundary shelves are characterized by high productivity due to upward fluxes of nutrients into the euphotic zone, wind forcing also represents negative physical and biological controls via offshore transport and deep (light-limiting) mixing of primary producers. Although this interaction has been well documented for eastern boundary systems generally and for California specifically, one of the primary goals of WEST was to characterize more fully the interplay between positive and negative effects of wind stress, which result in the consistently elevated biological productivity in these shelf regions. During 3 month-long summer cruises (2000–2002) we observed extremes in upwelling/relaxation, using both in situ instrumentation and remotely sensed data. Relationships between optical and physical properties were examined, with emphasis on biogeochemical implications. During 2000, the WEST region was optically dominated by phytoplankton and covarying constituents. During 2001 and 2002, periods of more intense upwelling favorable winds, we observed a transition to optical properties dominated by detrital and inorganic materials. In all years, the continental shelf break provided a natural boundary between optically distinct shelf and open ocean waters. During 2002, we obtained discrete trace-metal measurements of particulate iron and aluminum; we develop a bio-optical proxy for acetic-acid leachable iron from backscatter and fluorescence, and demonstrate that particulate iron is not well correlated to traditional upwelling proxies such as macronutrients, temperature, and salinity. We conclude that the shelf break between ca. 100 and 200 m water depth serves as a natural break point between coastal and oceanic water masses in this region, and that the elevated biomass and productivity associated with this eastern boundary current regime is dominated by these iron rich, shallow shelf waters. 相似文献
19.
珠江口盆地陆架坡折带海底滑坡及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了解海底滑坡在陆架坡折演化过程中所起的作用并分析影响海底滑坡发育的因素,以最新采集的二维和三维地震资料为基础,综合运用了地貌分析和地震解释技术,通过对滑坡的地貌形态特征及地震响应特征进行详细刻画,在珠江口盆地陆架坡折带新近纪地层中识别出多处海底滑坡,明确了其分布范围并建立了滑坡发育的地质模式。分析认为,珠江口盆地相对海平面变化和流体活动的综合作用是导致研究区海底不稳定的主要因素。海底滑坡发源于海底峡谷的朔源侵蚀,向上陆坡扩展并终止于陆架坡折带。 相似文献
20.
Dongxiao Wang Bo Hong Jianping Gan Hongzhou Xu 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(10):1206-1221
The propulsion of the winter counter-wind current in the northern South China Sea (SCS) is investigated with a regional, three-dimensional, primitive equation model. This current is usually called the SCS Warm Current (SCSWC). Model results well reproduced the banded structure of the Guangdong coastal current, the SCSWC and the slope current from the coast to the slope in the northern SCS in the climatological data. The across-shelf flow is active in the shelf break area. Both onshore and offshore flows exist; the net across-shelf transport is shoreward throughout the year, and is larger in winter than in other seasons. The joint effect of baroclinicity and relief (JEBAR) is the dominant forcing of the across-shelf transport in the shelf break area. The major mass source of the SCSWC is the onshore-veered slope current. It is the JEBAR effect that supplies the necessary negative vorticity to maintain the slope current flowing across the isobaths and veering to the right hand to feed the SCSWC. Analyses of the momentum fields indicate that the onshore pressure gradient in the outer shelf balances the Coriolis force induced by the northeastward SCSWC in the frame of geostrophy. In winter, such an onshore pressure gradient is mainly provided by the strong density contrast between waters of the shelf and of the upper slope, which results from the Kuroshio intrusion via the Luzon Strait. The notable intrusion of the Kuroshio in winter is crucial for maintaining the density structure in the shelf break area and facilitates the set-up of the onshore pressure gradient over the outer shelf. 相似文献