共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
日本西南部的南海海槽是一个典型的俯冲系统，由菲律宾海板块向欧亚板块俯冲形成，其俯冲板片包含了九州-帕劳洋脊（KPR）、Kinan海山链、四国海盆和伊豆-小笠原岛弧（IBA）等多种地质单元。为了研究不同地质单元的板块俯冲效应，本文系统分析了南海海槽的地球物理和岩石地球化学特征。重力和热流特征显示南海海槽中部具有低的重力异常（-20–-40 mGal）和高的热流值（60–200 mW/m2），而东西两侧的热流值（20–80 mW/m2）较低。地震模拟结果显示俯冲板块的地壳厚度为5–20 km。地球化学结果表明俯冲板块的下覆地幔成分从西到东逐渐亏损。无震洋脊（如KPR、Kian海山链和Zenisu洋脊）的俯冲是控制南海海槽俯冲效应的主要因素。首先，无震洋脊的俯冲可能使上覆板块发生变形，沿着增生楔前缘出现不规则的地形凹陷。其次，无震洋脊的俯冲是大型逆冲地震的止裂体，阻碍了南海海槽1944年Mw 8.1和1946年Mw 8.3地震破裂的传播。此外，KPR和热的、年轻的四国海盆的俯冲会导致俯冲板片熔融，在日本岛弧上出现埃达克质岩浆活动，并为斑岩铜金矿床提供成矿物质。地球物理和地球化学特征的差异表明尽管IBA已经和日本岛弧发生碰撞，但作为IBA的残留弧，KPR仍然处于俯冲阶段，与日本岛弧之间有明显的地形分界，呈现单向收敛的状态。 相似文献
2.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(4)
西太平洋-北印度洋及其洋陆过渡带是国家发展战略"一带一路"的海洋丝绸之路核心区,从地球科学的视野,科学地深度思考认知"一带一路"相关的地学基本问题,尤其相关两洋及其洋陆过渡带的地质与海洋的科学基本问题及其自然生态环境、灾害、资源能源状态、潜力、发展趋势,是当前地球科学界服务于国家重大需求的重要任务。因此,本文主要就西太平洋和北印度洋及其洋陆过渡带的相关固体海底科学的几个重要问题进行讨论:1、现代有关两洋突出的大洋地质问题。从两洋及其洋陆过渡带研究现状与发展需求思考,主要包括,(1)两洋及其中板块的起源、起始与生消演化问题,主要有,(1)初始三角型太平洋域板块起源、过程,包含Galapagos和西Shatsky等微板块差异成因等;(2)古今太平洋域的诸板块对东亚大陆作用时空演化过程和现今状态与趋势;(3)印度洋起始、演化与超大陆裂聚问题。(2)洋中脊研究最新进展与问题:(1)洋中脊-热点相互作用和洋中脊增生方式问题,如何思考洋中脊0 Ma处的千万年垂向增生行为与百万年侧向扩张关系问题;(2)弧后盆地扩张与正常大洋洋中脊的成因机制差异;(3)印度洋超慢速和太平洋快速扩张与差异扩张的根本动因,是否有主动与被动扩张之分,及其关于洋中脊推力问题等;(4)洋中脊跃迁死亡:洋内板块重建、洋中脊终止活动和空间跃迁的原因;(5)洋中脊-地幔柱相互作用。(3)洋内俯冲和洋内构造问题:(1)洋内俯冲带起因与洋内弧、洋中脊俯冲与陆缘板片窗、转换断层与转换型大陆边缘;(2)大火成岩省与海山链、洋底高原等。(4)印度洋海洋核杂岩与洋壳流变学问题等。(5)大洋板块驱动力问题研究进展,包括地幔对流、负浮力、海沟吸引力、洋中脊推力等新的评述讨论。2、两洋的洋陆过渡带问题。包含:(1)陆缘基底属性:冲绳海槽、鄂霍茨克海、新西兰东侧海底地壳是陆壳还是洋壳及洋内微小陆块的成因和来源;(2)洋陆过渡带的洋陆交接转换与耦合过程如何:西太平洋海山链记录的洋内重大转折事件与大陆边缘重大事件对比、洋陆转换带与地幔剥露、弧后盆地转换断层成因、转换型陆缘的形成与消减等问题。(3)西太平洋与东亚大陆的洋陆过渡带有无巨大平移转换断裂作用,其时空、规模如何,意义何在。(4)两洋交接转换与洋陆过渡带深浅部关联,即欧亚、太平洋和印度-澳大利亚三大板块汇聚,及其从深层地幔、岩石圈到地壳与地表系统效应问题,及在此背景下两洋的洋陆过渡带相关问题。3、古今太平洋板块与特提斯带、欧亚大陆板块、印度洋域板块关系,尤其现今它们的关系及其发展动态趋势。最后对"两洋一带"有关海洋地质、洋陆过渡带与深部地质作了瞻望。 相似文献
3.
洋-陆转换与耦合过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洋-陆转换/耦合地带就是大陆与大洋岩石圈转换/耦合的特殊构造地带。探索该区动力学对于深入理解人类密集区的地质过程具有重要的意义。这里洋-陆转换/耦合过程不是指陆壳向洋壳或陆幔向洋幔之间的物质转换,因洋壳向陆壳或洋幔向陆幔的物质转换过程也是不可逆的,而是特指构造动力作用或能量的转换交接过程。洋-陆转换/耦合带的狭义定义为被动大陆边缘的陆壳明显减薄到洋壳出现的深水区;但广义定义包括上述被动陆缘裂解作用涉及的区域范围,或是大洋岩石圈俯冲作用所能影响到的区域,其核心依然是俯冲带和/或大陆边缘,也就是说,其内涵是俯冲带和大陆边缘概念的总和,包涵浅部的地理要素和深部的地质因素。当前,对于洋-陆转换/耦合带的国际关注点很多,国际地学前沿问题较多,其中主要侧重以下几个方面:(1)物质:洋内弧形成与初始陆壳生成、俯冲脱水-相变、岩浆工厂、变质工厂;(2)结构:俯冲带类型、分段性、洋-陆转换/耦合带变形型式、地幔楔精细对流结构、俯冲面糙度-孔隙度-渗透率时空特征;(3)过程:俯冲过程、构造跃迁、构造转换、深部底侵、拆沉、高压-超高压岩石剥露、弧后扩张过程、板片窗、俯冲侵蚀与增生、物质迁移-转变-运聚、多圈层耦合过程;(4)机制:俯冲起源与板块机制起源、陆缘互换机制、地震触发机制、深部拆沉与底侵动力学机制、大陆裂解与(火山型和非火山)被动陆缘形成、洋-陆转换/耦合带构造跃迁机制、高压-超高压岩石剥露新机制、岩浆动力学、主动与被动俯冲机制、海山俯冲;(5)效应:源-汇效应、地表地形过程与深部流变关联、板片窗的构造-岩浆-成矿效应、边缘海盆地与资源-能源效应、俯冲与地震-海啸-滑坡灾害链。西太平洋和印度洋更是我国走向深海大洋、实现"海洋强国"的关键海域,蕴含着诸多中国的国家利益,也具有极其丰富的洋-陆转换/耦合过程的关键科学问题。现阶段可初步概括为以下几点:(1)板块重建的洋陆转换/耦合带检验;(2)深部过程(底侵-拆沉)与机制;(3)西太平洋陆缘构造体制和机制转换;(4)俯冲带分段性、过程与地震触发机制;(5)地表地形过程与深部流变、岩石圈强度关联;(6)地史期间的板片窗及其构造-岩浆-成矿效应;(7)洋陆转换/耦合带变形型式、构造跃迁和机制;(8)俯冲脱水、岩浆工厂与岩浆动力学;(9)边缘海盆地与资源、能源和灾害;(10)西太平洋板块格局与华北克拉通破坏;(11)太平洋板块格局与华南大陆再造;(12)印度洋过程重建与青藏高原隆升;(13)东亚地史期间的洋陆转换/耦合过程。 相似文献
4.
5.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
俯冲侵蚀是一种将地壳及岛弧物质从弧前搬运走的地质过程,会导致弧前物质的缺失,这种地质过程普遍地出现在汇聚型板块边缘。雅浦海沟位于加罗林板块与菲律宾海板块之间,是一个活跃的俯冲带。利用2015年中科院海洋所在西太平洋雅浦海采集的最新的多波束和地震数据,给出了雅浦海沟发生俯冲侵蚀的直接证据:(1)雅浦海沟具有异常短的沟弧间距(41km);(2)海沟呈不对称的"V"字形,增生楔缺失;(3)俯冲板片基底起伏程度大,加罗林洋底高原上洋脊、海山、地垒地堑构造发育;(4)海沟内壁斜坡较陡,弧前斜坡坡度的平均值约8.69°,雅浦海沟的弧前增生楔缺失。揭示了雅浦海沟南北两侧俯冲侵蚀模式的差异,北部的俯冲侵蚀主要由于洋底高原上地垒地堑与上覆板块的摩擦造成,板块之间可能不是直接接触,存在"剥蚀带";南部的俯冲侵蚀主要由于洋底高原上的海山与上覆板块的摩擦造成,板块之间可能是直接接触的。 相似文献
6.
俯冲带系统是研究地球水圈-岩石圈相互作用的天然实验室。俯冲板片所携带的水进入俯冲带系统,显著影响俯冲板片上地幔蛇纹石化程度、岛弧岩浆活动以及俯冲带地震机制等构造动力学过程。沿着环太平洋俯冲带,由主动源地震探测得到的板片含水量结果可以很好地解释区域相关地震观测,同时由被动源地震探测到的上地幔低速异常区域都与俯冲板片断层发育区相一致。多道反射地震探测与数值模拟都揭示了俯冲板块正断层广泛存在,可穿透莫霍面,深度可达海底下至少20 km。俯冲板块正断层为流体进入地壳与上地幔提供了重要通道,导致上地幔蛇纹石化程度达到1.4%,甚至更高。在洋壳俯冲过程中,随着温压增加,在不同深度脱水形成不同性质流体与地幔反应。通过俯冲带流体包裹体和交代成因矿物等的研究发现水岩相互作用广泛存在。本文旨在回顾俯冲板片含水量探测及水岩相互作用研究,简述近年来取得的重要进展以及对将来相关研究的启示。 相似文献
7.
俯冲板片为板块运动和地幔流提供了主要的驱动力，地球动力学、地震以及地球化学的研究成为了解板块动力学和俯冲引起的地幔流的工具。以前大多数地球动力学研究都将俯冲带看作沿平行海沟方向无限延伸的（二维）或在宽度上是有限的，而空间位置上是不变的。但是俯冲带及其相关板片在水平方向上（250～7400kin）是有限的，而且它们的三维几何形状随时间将会发生改变。这里我们将介绍板块宽度控制板块构造的两个一级特征——俯冲带的弯曲和随着时间后退的趋势。 相似文献
8.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(1)
2015年中科院海洋所在西太平洋雅浦海域首次开展了综合地球物理调查,并同步采集了重磁震及多波束、浅地层剖面等数据,主要利用采集的多道地震剖面及多波束数据研究了雅浦俯冲带主要构造单元的地貌及沉积地层结构特征,并进一步探讨了加罗林洋脊俯冲作用下的构造特征。研究表明弧后的帕里西维拉盆地为区域沉积中心,最厚处可能发育近千米沉积层,而雅浦海沟内未发育明显水平沉积,以俯冲侵蚀作用为主;加罗林俯冲板片之上的加罗林洋脊因其特殊的地形地貌改造了俯冲带的构造发育特征,可能造成了岛弧岩浆作用的南、北部差异;揭示了雅浦海沟北段的地貌及地质结构细节特征,认为加罗林洋脊的高地形可能导致了海沟附近的俯冲板片更大的挠曲拉张量,从而形成垒堑构造带;为索罗尔海槽的盆地张裂结构提供了多道地震剖面证据,并推测了海槽的形成年代。 相似文献
9.
海山等粗糙海底的俯冲对增生楔的结构、地貌、应力和地震灾害有着重要的影响。希库朗伊（Hikurangi）俯冲带位于新西兰北岛外海，希库朗伊高原向西正以40～47 mm/a的速率俯冲于澳大利亚板块之下。希库朗伊高原内部发育大量形态各异的海山，其俯冲造成希库朗伊北缘经历了严重的构造侵蚀。目前该区域的慢滑移事件有了很好的地震学和测地学约束，但对于希库朗伊北缘的构造侵蚀和构造应力体制如何演化以及对地震活动的影响仍然不清。本文基于离散元方法（DEM）数值模拟，结合地震反射剖面，探讨了海山俯冲对希库朗伊俯冲带北缘增生楔的形态、断裂结构、活动性、应变分配的影响。模拟结果显示海山的俯冲在其顶部形成一条巨型分支断层(mega-splay fault)，吸收主要的缩短量并沿海底发生长距离、低角度逆冲推覆。随着俯冲的持续，海山前缘形成一个双重构造剪切带，而随着滑脱层的下移并向前扩展，最终形成前缘逆冲断裂体系。模拟证实海山俯冲提高了弧前增生楔内应力分布的非均质性，海山前缘最大剪切应力显著累积，而海山后缘则表现为一个稳定的应力影区。海山俯冲显著增加了希库朗伊俯冲带板间逆冲断层的几何粗糙度和物质非均质性，对微地震和... 相似文献
10.
雅浦俯冲带北段和马里亚纳俯冲带西南端均受加罗林岛脊俯冲影响,但是二者的地球物理特征存在显著差异。通过分析雅浦俯冲带北段和马里亚纳俯冲带的地球物理特征,对比了二者之间的海底地形、重力异常、地震活动和应力场等特征。结果表明：①雅浦海沟北段外缘发育垒堑构造带,马里亚纳海沟西南端加罗林岛脊俯冲区域水深明显变浅,加罗林岛脊俯冲最前端形成凹角。②雅浦岛弧北段和马里亚纳岛弧西南端加罗林岛脊俯冲区域高布格异常值反映了强烈的构造侵蚀可能导致火山弧地壳缺失,岛弧之下高密度物质上涌。③雅浦俯冲带北段和马里亚纳俯冲带西南端地震活动性弱并且缺乏高震级地震,说明加罗林海脊岛脊的俯冲阻塞降低了俯冲带的构造活动性。马里亚纳俯冲带西南端存在少量的中源地震,表明该区域板片俯冲深度比雅浦俯冲带北段更深。④马里亚纳俯冲带西南端的地震存在更多的走滑分量,与加罗林板块的倾斜俯冲、加罗林岛脊的倾斜碰撞有关。⑤加罗林岛脊相对于海沟走向的俯冲角度是造成雅浦俯冲带北段和马里亚纳俯冲带西南端的地球物理特征存在差异的主要原因。 相似文献
11.
Hydrosweep mapping of crust in the Central Indian Ocean Basin reveals abundant volcanoes ocurring both as isolated seamounts and linear seamount chains parallel to flow lines. Their shapes, sizes and overall style of occurrence are indistinguishable from near-axis seamounts in the Pacific. Evidence from seamount morphology, distributions and petrography of dredged samples suggests that they were generated near the fast-spreading Southeast Indian Ridge at 50–60 Ma. If so, this style of near-axis seamount generation may be a result of fast-spreading rate rather than a peculiarity of the present Pacific spreading ridges. In fact, the results of several recent studies, taken together, suggest that the style of axis/near-axis seamount volcanism varies systematically as a function of spreading rate. 相似文献
12.
Crustal structure and deformation associated with seamount subduction at the north Manila Trench represented by analog and gravity modeling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We investigated the deformation in the accretionary wedge associated with subducted seamounts in the northern Manila Trench by combining observations from seismic profiles and results from laboratory sandbox experiments. From three seismic reflection profiles oriented approximately perpendicular to the trench, we observed apparent variations in structural deformation along the trench. A number of back-thrust faults were formed in the accretionary wedge where subducted seamounts were identified. In contrast, observable back-thrusts were quite rare along the profile without seamounts, indicating that seamount subduction played an important role in deformation of the accretionary wedge. We then conducted laboratory sandbox experiments to investigate the effects of subducted seamounts on the structural deformation of the accretionary wedge. From the analog modeling results we found that seamount subduction could cause well-developed back-thrusts, gravitational collapse, and micro-fractures in the wedge. We also found that a seamount may induce normal faults in the wedge and that normal faults may be eroded by subsequent seamount subduction. In addition, we constrained the crustal structure of the South China Sea plate from modeling free-air gravity data. The dip angle of the subducting plate, which was constrained by hypocenters of available earthquakes, increased from south to north in the northern Manila Trench. We found a laterally heterogeneous density distribution of the oceanic crust according to the gravity data. The density of subducted crust is ~2.92 g/cm3, larger than that of the South China Sea crust (2.88 g/cm3). 相似文献
13.
冲绳海槽是因菲律宾海板块俯冲于欧亚板块之下,在陆壳上发育起来的一个初始的弧后盆地,是研究弧后扩张作用早期盆地演化、岩浆作用和壳幔过程的天然实验室。尽管迄今对冲绳海槽已经做了大量的调查研究工作,但仍存在一些颇有争议或亟待解决的科学问题,如:冲绳海槽酸性浮岩与基性玄武岩之间的成因联系,冲绳海槽不同区段构造背景对岩浆作用的控制,冲绳海槽岩浆源区地幔的特征,俯冲板块组分(流体+熔体)对地幔楔部分熔融的贡献等。本文在系统收集和整理(剔除了一些存疑数据)了迄今已有冲绳海槽火山岩主量元素、微量元素(包括稀土元素)与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素数据的基础上,通过对资料的系统分析,进一步确认了酸性浮岩与基性玄武岩的岩浆同源性;认为在冲绳海槽北段与中段主要分布有酸性浮岩和中性安山岩,应该是两段区域目前正处于裂谷阶段的反映,而南段广泛分布的基性玄武岩说明在构造性质上已接近成熟性弧后盆地;冲绳海槽的火山岩岩浆源区具有II型富集地幔（EMII型）Dupal异常特征,岩浆源于流行地幔（PREMA）和EMII型地幔端元混合的源区地幔,其中EMII约占比15%,PREMA贡献率在85%左右;源于俯冲的菲律宾海板块(俯冲洋壳或沉积物)的流/熔体的加入是导致冲绳海槽下伏地幔具有EMII型特征的原因,这一点不同于Dupal异常源于壳幔相互作用的观点。 相似文献
14.
印度洋无震海岭及海底高原的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据１９８６年１０月－１９８７年５月第三次南极考察和首次环球科学考察所获的印度洋实测重力资料，对印度洋一些典型构造进行了分析研究。初步主人为：无震海岭，海底高原和大洋中脊都有着复杂的壳－幔结构，其上都伴有一个布格异常的低值带，但引种布格局异常低值原因却不尽相同。虽然上述３者都是大洋中的隆起地带，但前两者的地壳增厚，莫氏丰下拱，软流圈变深，影响布格异常的主要因素是其下存在着一个较大的负山根。相反，在 相似文献
15.
The Philippine Basin,surrounded by a series of oceanic trenches,is an independent deep ocean basin in the West Pacific Ocean.Its middle part is divided into three marginal sea sub-basins by the Kyushu-Palau and West Mariana Ridges,namely,the West Philippine Basin,the Shikoku and Parece Vela Basins and the Mariana Trough.This paper,through the analysis of the geomorphologic features and gravity and magnetic characteristics of the basin and identification of striped magnetic anomalies,suggests that the entire Philippine Basin developed magnetic lineation of oceanic nature,and therefore,the entire basin is of the nature of oceanic crust.The basin has developed a series of special geomorphic units with different shapes.The KPR runs through the entire Philippine Basin.From the view of geomorphologic features,the KPR is a discontinuous seamount chain (chain-shaped seamounts) and subduction beneath the Japanese Island arc at the Nankai Trough which is the natural boundary between the basin and the Japanese Island arc.At the positions of 25 N,24 N,23 N and 18 N,obvious discontinuity is shown,which belongs to natural topographic discontinuity.Therefore,the KPR is topographically discontinuous. 相似文献
16.
The Eastern and Southeastern Asian regions witness the strongest land–ocean and lithosphere–asthenosphere interactions. The extreme diversity of geological features warrants a unified study for a better understanding of their geodynamic uniqueness and/or ubiquity from a regional perspective. In this paper we have explored a large coverage of potential field data and have detected high resolution Moho and Curie depths in the aforementioned regions. The oldest continental and oceanic domains, i.e. the North China craton and the Pacific and Indian Ocean have been found thermally perturbed by events probably linked to small-scale convection or serpentinization in the mantle and to numerous volcanic seamounts and ridges. The thermal perturbation has also been observed in proximity of the fossil ridge of the western Philippine Sea Basin, which shows anomalously small Curie depths. The western Pacific marginal seas have the lowest Moho temperature, with Curie depths generally larger than Moho depths. The contrary is true in most parts of easternmost Eurasian continent. Magmatic processes feeding the Permian Emeishan large igneous province could have also been genetically linked to deep mantle/crustal processes beneath the Sichuan Basin. The regionally elongated magnetic features and small Curie depths along the Triassic Yangtze-Indochina plate boundary suggest that the igneous province could be caused by tectonic processes along plate margins, rather than by a deep mantle plume. At the same time, we interpret the Caroline Ridge, the boundary between the Pacific and the Caroline Sea, as a structure having a continental origin, rather than as hotspot or arc volcanism. The surface heat flow is primarily modulated by a deep isotherm through thermal conduction. This concordance is emphasized along many subduction trenches, where zones of large Curie depths often correspond with low heat flow. Local or regional surface heat flow variations cannot be faithfully used in inferring deep thermal structures, which can be better constrained overall through Curie depths detected from surface magnetic anomalies. 相似文献
17.
针对沙捞越盆地盆地类型的不同观点,通过盆地区域构造背景、构造演化阶段、构造沉降曲线的分析以及构造地质事件的恢复,得到以下认识:①盆地的构造演化可划分为晚白垩世—晚始新世,拉让洋壳向婆罗洲基底俯冲,并在婆罗洲中部形成火山岛弧的俯冲增生期;渐新世—早中新世,拉让洋壳俯冲消减完毕,路科尼亚地块与婆罗洲碰撞,并俯冲于婆罗洲基底之下,形成周缘前陆盆地的前陆盆地期;中中新世至今,南中国海开启、婆罗洲碰撞抬升引起盆地稳定沉降的被动边缘期3个阶段。②盆地所选井的构造沉降曲线具有早期缓慢沉降、晚期快速沉降这一前陆盆地的典型特征。③盆地构造地质事件复原图表明,盆地晚期处于被动大陆边缘构造背景。由此,认为沙捞越盆地为复合型盆地,即早期为前陆盆地,晚期则转化为大陆边缘型盆地。 相似文献
18.
J. L. Granja Bruña A. Muñoz-Martín U. S. ten Brink A. Carbó-Gorosabel P. Llanes Estrada J. Martín-Dávila D. Córdoba-Barba M. Catalán Morollón 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2010,31(4):263-283
The Muertos Trough in the northeast Caribbean has been interpreted as a subduction zone from seismicity, leading to infer
a possible reversal subduction polarity. However, the distribution of the seismicity is very diffuse and makes definition
of the plate geometry difficult. In addition, the compressive deformational features observed in the upper crust and sandbox
kinematic modeling do not necessarily suggest a subduction process. We tested the hypothesized subduction of the Caribbean
plate’s interior beneath the eastern Greater Antilles island arc using gravity modeling. Gravity models simulating a subduction
process yield a regional mass deficit beneath the island arc independently of the geometry and depth of the subducted slab
used in the models. This mass deficit results from sinking of the less dense Caribbean slab beneath the lithospheric mantle
replacing denser mantle materials and suggests that there is not a subducted Caribbean plateau beneath the island arc. The
geologically more realistic gravity model which would explain the N–S shortening observed in the upper crust requires an overthrusted
Caribbean slab extending at least 60 km northward from the deformation front, a progressive increase in the thrusting angle
from 8° to 30° reaching a maximum depth of 22 km beneath the insular slope. This new tectonic model for the Muertos Margin,
defined as a retroarc thrusting, will help to assess the seismic and tsunami hazard in the region. The use of gravity modeling
has provided targets for future wide-angle seismic surveys in the Muertos Margin. 相似文献
19.
Jean Delteil Jean-Yves Collot Ray Wood Richard Herzer Stéphane Calmant David Christoffel Mike Coffin Jacky Ferrière Geoffroy Lamarche Jean-Frédéric Lebrun Alain Mauffret Bernard Pontoise Michel Popoff Etienne Ruellan Marc Sosson Ruppert Sutherland 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1996,18(2-4):383-399
The Geodynz-sud cruise on board the R/V l'Atalante collected bathymetric, side-scan sonar and seismic reflection data along the obliquely convergent boundary between the Australian and Pacific plates southwest of the South Island, New Zealand. The survey area extended from 44°05 S to 49°40 S, covering the transition zone between the offshore extension of the Alpine Fault and the Puysegur Trench and Puysegur Ridge. Based on variations in the nature and structure of the crust on either side of the margin, the plate boundary zone can be divided into three domains with distinctive structural and sedimentary characteristics. The northern domain involves subduction of probably thinned continental crust of the southern Challenger Plateau beneath the continental crust of Fiordland. It is characterized by thick sediments on the downgoing slab and a steep continental slope disrupted by fault scarps and canyons. The middle domain marks the transition between subduction of likely continental and oceanic crust defined by a series of en echelon ridges on the downgoing slab. This domain is characterized by a large collapse terrace on the continental slope which appears to be due to the collision of the en echelon ridges with the plate margin. The southern domain involves subduction of oceanic crust beneath continental and oceanic crust. This domain is characterized by exposed fabric of seafloor spreading on the downgoing slab, a steep inner trench wall and linear ridges and valleys on the Puysegur ridge crest. The data collected on this cruise provide insights into the nature and history of both plates, and factors influencing the distribution of strike-slip and compressive strain and the evolution of subduction processes along a highly oblique convergent margin. 相似文献