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随着测高技术的不断发展,测高海洋重力场的精度不断提高,由其反演计算的海底地形精度也相应提高。利用Sandwell 2014年最新发布主要由Jason-1末期大地测量任务和Cryosat-2观测资料反演的测高重力场V23.1,采用重力地质法(GGM)反演了中国南海海域海底地形模型,并对结果进行了精度评价。该过程中首先直接计算一系列密度差下的反演结果,并通过船测数据检核选定优化的密度差范围,然后利用向下延拓的方法确定了最优密度差异常数为7g/cm3。与船测水深数据相比,反演得到的GGM模型与检核点船测水深数据差值的标准差达到了±70.32m;此外,还计算了由测高重力异常V15.2反演的海底模型,比较这两个模型发现:测高重力场短波部分的改善对海底地形反演精度的提升作用有限,为得到更高精度的海底地形模型,需引入短波更为敏感的重力梯度资料。 相似文献
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基于重力地质法(GGM)采用卫星重力异常数据反演了中国南海112°E~119°E,16°N~20°N范围1'×1'的海底地形模型,通过船测水深数据的直接格网化结果和ETOP01模型的检核进行了精度评价。结果表明,GGM模型较船测水深的直接格网化结果更为精细,在船测控制点分布均匀的海域,GGM模型能获得比ETOP01模型更高的精度。为进一步验证GGM模型受海底地形特征影响的情况,采用GGM模型与ETOP01模型分别内插出9356个检核点处的水深,并统计得到两模型差值的较差结果平均值为19.560m,标准差为130.156m,相对精度为4.79%。经分析得出:GGM模型与ETOP01模型在坡度变化平缓深海区有着较好的一致性,随着水深的依次变浅,二者的差异逐渐显现,在多海山的海域差异达到最大。最后,为充分发挥重力地质法在海底地形反演中的优势总结了其最佳适用条件。 相似文献
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海底地形是全球地形的重要组成部分,对地球物理科学研究、经济活动等具有重要作用。基于Parker公式,利用卫星测高重力异常和船测水深数据,采用频域的方法反演了疑似马航MH370失事区域的留尼汪海域的10°×10°的海底地形。最后将反演的水深和船测水深、国际通用的海深模型ETOPO1作比较进行精度评估,结果表明:本文反演结果与船测水深相比误差平均值为-26.038 m,标准差为176.588 m;与ETOPO1相比,差异平均值为-33.541 m,标准差为160.769 m。这表明采用重力异常数据,结合船测数据能较高精度地反演海底地形。 相似文献
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根据重力地质法(Gravity Geological Method, GGM),利用6 736个已知水深点数据和卫星测高重力异常反
演了马里亚纳海沟(142°36''~147°18''E,23°~27°N)1''×1''分辨率的海底地形,该计算中的密度差常数为1.20 g/cm3。将反演的地形与实测检核水深数据相比,两者较差标准差为152.9 m,平均误差为(±3.0) m,均方差为153.0 m,优于ETOPO1模型和直接把船测水深控制点格网化后的模型。将重力地质法反演的模型、ETOPO1模型、直接格网模型进行功率谱密度分析,结果显示3种模型在中长波地形能量一致,但对于短波地形,重力地质法模型能量高于其他2个模型,说明重力地质法更能描绘细致的海底地形地貌。选取2条测线与重力地质法模型进行对比研究,结果表明重力地质法在海底地形起伏小的区域优于在海底地形起伏较大区域的反演效果。 相似文献
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海底地形对开展海洋科学调查和研究十分重要。以多波束为主的回声测深技术测量成本高且效率低,几十年来仅实现了全球约20%的海床测绘。对于空白区（特别是深海区域）,可以借助重力异常和重力垂直梯度异常进行回归分析反演得到,但该方法得到的比例因子鲁棒性不强。为了解决这一问题,同时考虑到两种重力数据在表征海底地形长短波长的不同优势,本文结合滑动窗口赋权和稳健回归分析来反演海底地形。在太平洋皇帝山海域（35°～45°N,165°～175°E）的实验结果表明:在船测检核点处,本文构建模型的标准差为61.02 m,相比于单一重力数据反演模型,精度分别提高了14.92%（重力异常）和2.08%（重力垂直梯度异常）,能较好地反映皇帝海山链的地形走势。 相似文献
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卫星测高中的垂线偏差法 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
卫星测高中的垂线偏差法是当前利用卫星测高技术研究海洋重力场的最优方法，包括利用卫星测高数据计算垂线偏差和利用该垂线偏差确定海洋重力场两部分。研究了Sandwell、Olgiafi、Hwang测高垂线偏差的计算方法和Molodenskii、Hwang利用测高垂线偏差确定海洋重力场的基本原理，分析比较了上述方法的异同，为科学地利用卫星测高资料反演海洋重力场提供理论依据。 相似文献
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In this paper, we publish the results of a bathymetry survey based on the processing of satellite altimetry data. Data gathered from GEOSAT (Geodetic Mission), SEASAT, ERS-1 and TOPEX/POSEIDON satellites were processed to recover the seafloor topography over new seamounts in a test area located in the south central Pacific. We show that by processing high-density satellite altimetry data, alone or in combination with shiptrack bathymetric data, it is possible to produce full coverage bathymetric maps. 相似文献
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利用卫星测高、GRACE和GOCE资料估计全球海洋表面地转流 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
重力恢复和气候试验GRACE(gravity recovery and climate experiment)卫星极大地提高了地球重力场的精度和分辨率,特别是中长波分量,联合卫星测高数据可获得全球海洋表面大尺度洋流循环。另外,新一代地球重力和海洋环流探测卫星GOCE(gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer)于2009年3月成功发射,采用卫星重力梯度测量原理,对重力场的高频部分非常敏感,使其高分辨率监测全球海洋循环成为可能。本文利用1~7年GRACE观测数据确定的重力场模型和18个月GOCE观测数据确定的地球重力场模型GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R3,联合卫星测高确定的平均海面高模型MSS_CNES_CLS_11,分别估计全球海洋表面地转流,并且与实测浮标数据结果进行比较。分析表明GOCE重力卫星确定的重力场模型具有更高的空间分辨率,能够确定高精度和高空间分辨率的全球海洋地转流,如墨西哥湾暖流的细节和特征,并且与实测浮标结果基本一致。而基于1~4年GRACE观测资料的模型不能很好估计全球地转流特征,基于7年GRACE观测资料的重力场模型ITG-Grace2010s确定的全球地转流的精度仍低于18个月GOCE观测数据确定的地球重力场模型GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R3的结果,估计的全球地转流仍含有较大的噪声,不能很好地反应中小尺度地转流细节特征。并计算ITG_Grace2010s和GOCE_TIM3的稳态海面地形和全球平均地转流的内符合精度,结果显示,在全球范围内,GOCE_TIM3的稳态海面地形和全球平均地转流的精度都比ITG_Grace2010s结果的精度有着很大的改善,其中ITG_Grace2010s的稳态海面地形的精度为21.6cm,而GOCE_TIM3的结果则为7.45cm,ITG_Grace2010s的全球平均地转流的精度为40.7cm/s,而GOCE_TIM3的结果则为19.6cm/s。 相似文献
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Robert E. Cheney Bruce C. Douglas David T. Sandwell James G. Marsh Thomas V. Martin John J. McCarthy 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1984,7(1-2):17-32
Satellite-borne altimeters have had a profound impact on geodesy, geophysics, and physical oceanography. To first order approximation,
profiles of sea surface height are equivalent to the geoid and are highly correlated with seafloor topography for wavelengths
less than 1000 km. Using all available Geos-3 and Seasat altimeter data, mean sea surfaces and geoid gradient maps have been
computed for the Bering Sea and the South Pacific. When enhanced using hill-shading techniques, these images reveal in graphic
detail the surface expression of seamounts, ridges, trenches, and fracture zones. Such maps are invaluable in oceanic regions
where bathymetric data are sparse. Superimposed on the static geoid topography is dynamic topography due to ocean circulation.
Temporal variability of dynamic height due to oceanic eddies can be determined from time series of repeated altimeter profiles.
Maps of sea height variability and eddy kinetic energy derived from Geos-3 and Seasat altimetry in some cases represent improvements
over those derived from standard oceanographic observations. Measurement of absolute dynamic height imposes stringent requirements
on geoid and orbit accuracies, although existing models and data have been used to derive surprisingly realistic global circulation
solutions. Further improvement will only be made when advances are made in geoid modeling and precision orbit determination.
In contrast, it appears that use of altimeter data to correct satellite orbits will enable observation of basin-scale sea
level variations of the type associated with climatic phenomena. 相似文献
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Ship-board global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements are widely used to determine sea surface heights, marine geoid validation, and/or satellite altimetry calibration. However, the use of a vessel could be complicated near coastal areas due to shallow water. Therefore, in the area of sea ice formation, GNSS measurements on the ice surface could be a viable alternative to vessel-borne surveys. Importantly, the ice-covered water is not affected by short-term winds, which otherwise could have systematic influence on the instantaneous sea surface topography. This study tackles methodology and validation of marine geoid models by profile-wise GNSS measurements on ice in an archipelago of the Baltic Sea. The GNSS measurements were carried out on the three ice roads with total length 48 kilometers. The along-route standard deviation between the gravimetric geoid model and profile-wise GNSS heights remained within ±2.1 centimeters. 相似文献
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Min zhang Hu Jian cheng Li Hui Li Chong Yang Shen Tao yong Jin Le lin Xing 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):176-189
A new one-minute global seafloor topography model was derived from vertical gravity gradient anomalies (VGG), altimetric gravity anomalies, and ship soundings. Ship soundings are used to constrain seafloor topography at wavelengths longer than 200 km and to calibrate the topography to VGG (or gravity) ratios at short wavelengths area by area. VGG ratios are used to predict seafloor topography for wavelength bands of 100–200 km and to suppress the effect of crust isostasy. Gravity anomalies are used to recover seafloor topography at wavelengths shorter than 100 km. The data processing procedure is described in detail in this paper. The accuracy of the model is evaluated using ship soundings and existing models, including General Bathymetric Charts of the Oceans (GEBCO), DTU10, ETOPO1, and SIO V15.1. The results show that, in the discussed regions, the accuracy of the model is better than ETOPO1, GEBCO, and DTU10. Additionally, the model is comparable with V15.1, which is generally believed to have the highest accuracy. In the north-central Pacific Ocean, the accuracy of the model increased by approximately 29.5% compared with the V15.1 model. This indicates that a more accurate seafloor topography model can be formed by combining gravity anomalies, VGG, and ship soundings. 相似文献
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We analyze errors in the global bathymetry models of Smith and Sandwell that combine satellite altimetry with acoustic soundings
and shorelines to estimate depths. Versions of these models have been incorporated into Google Earth and the General Bathymetric
Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). We use Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) multibeam surveys not previously
incorporated into the models as “ground truth” to compare against model versions 7.2 through 12.1, defining vertical differences
as “errors.” Overall error statistics improve over time: 50th percentile errors declined from 57 to 55 to 49 m, and 90th percentile
errors declined from 257 to 235 to 219 m, in versions 8.2, 11.1 and 12.1. This improvement is partly due to an increasing
number of soundings incorporated into successive models, and partly to improvements in the satellite gravity model. Inspection
of specific sites reveals that changes in the algorithms used to interpolate across survey gaps with altimetry have affected
some errors. Versions 9.1 through 11.1 show a bias in the scaling from gravity in milliGals to topography in meters that affected
the 15–160 km wavelength band. Regionally averaged (>160 km wavelength) depths have accumulated error over successive versions
9 through 11. These problems have been mitigated in version 12.1, which shows no systematic variation of errors with depth.
Even so, version 12.1 is in some respects not as good as version 8.2, which employed a different algorithm. 相似文献
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文中首先介绍了DOT2008A模型建立的原理和方法,利用我国48个长期验潮站19 a连续观测数据验证DOT2008A模型的精度,其均方差为0.118 m,残差的标准偏差为0.086 m;联合多源测高卫星建立的海面地形模型数据验证DOT2008A的精度,均方差为0.106 m,残差的标准偏差为0.099 5 m,且其残差分布图基本符合正态分布。从实验结果来看,DOT2008A模型在我国周边海域精度较高,其建立方法较为合理,转化应用价值较高;同时与多源测高卫星建立的海面地形比较结果来看,验证了自主建立的海面地形模型的正确性,对建立我国高精度海面地形模型具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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《Marine Geodesy》2012,35(1):63-85
AbstractWe introduce an iterative inversion method to address the problems in high-order seafloor topography inversion using gravity data (gravity anomaly and vertical gravity gradient anomaly), such as the difficulty in computing the equation and the uniqueness of the calculation results. A part of the South China Sea is selected as the experimental area. Considering the coherence and admittance function of gravity topography and vertical gravity gradient topography, the inversion band of the gravity anomaly and vertical gravity gradient anomaly in the study area is 30?km–120?km. Seafloor topography models of different orders are constructed using an iterative method, and the performance of each seafloor topography model is analyzed against ETOPO1 and other seafloor topography models. The experimental results show that as the inversion order increases, the clarity and richness of seafloor topographic expression continuously improve. However, the accuracy of seafloor topography inversion does not improve significantly when the inversion order exceeds a certain value, which is related to the contribution of high-order seafloor topography to gravity information. The results show that the accuracy of BGT4 (inversion model constructed by the gravity anomaly) is slightly poorer than that of BVGGT4 (inversion model constructed by the vertical gravity gradient anomaly) in areas with complex topography, such as multi-seamounts and trenches, and the results are generally better in areas with flat seafloor topography. 相似文献