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1.
选用1996年9月5—6日黄河口新口门水文泥沙同步观测资料,采用距离倒数加权插值法(IDW)生成河口泥沙异重流的含沙海水密度、流速和含沙量随时间变化的等值线图。基于此,分析了黄河口泥沙异重流发育形成的时空变化特征,并结合遥感影像和水下地形图进一步探讨了泥沙异重流对河口沉积的影响。研究结果表明,黄河口(新口门)泥沙异重流发育频繁,且其形成时的含沙海水密度与老河口相似;泥沙异重流的空间分布与水下三角洲泥沙堆积体及河口沙嘴的形态存在明显相关,泥沙异重流的存在直接影响河口前缘泥沙的沉积,但对侧缘的影响不大;泥沙异重流形成初期,在低高潮涨潮阶段中的一次较小的涨落潮周期内其形成和消亡过程与潮流的涨落潮周期呈正向对应关系,且在这一时段的涨憩时泥沙异重流的泥沙含量达到最大;流速垂向分布为泥沙异重流形成初期流速小于上层海水流速,且层次分明,随其进一步向深海运动流速呈增大再减小的趋势,至三角洲前缘陡坡段其底层流速大干中上层海水流速。  相似文献   

2.
本文根据2007年黄河调水调沙期间黄河三角洲及其毗邻海域的水文、泥沙调查数据资料,使用Mike 3三维水沙数值模型模拟了黄河调水调沙全过程(低流量、高流量、高含沙量)入海水沙输运过程,揭示了人造洪峰下水沙扩散范围和特征,分析了泥沙入海后的沉积动力学机制。研究发现:入海淡水和表层细颗粒泥沙主要以异轻羽状流形式向外海和河口两侧沿岸扩散,中、底层粗颗粒泥沙向外海扩散非常有限,有少量向河口两侧沿岸扩散,扩散范围小于表层;河口区在涨-落、落-涨潮流转换时刻分别存在着潮流切变锋,切变锋均形成在浅水区,而后向深水区移动,切变锋的发生对泥沙向外海扩散有着明显的阻隔作用。  相似文献   

3.
黄河调水调沙期间黄河入海水沙的扩散与通量   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以2007年夏季黄河调水调沙期间黄河三角洲海域3断面连续站及渤海南部24个大面站观测的流场、温度、盐度及含沙量资料为依据,分析了调查区水沙扩散特征,计算了各连续站的拉格朗日余流及泥沙输送单宽通量。结果表明,黄河入海泥沙扩散范围非常有限,主要分布在南至莱州湾西南部、北至北纬38°附近离岸约20km以内的带状沿岸区域;但黄河冲淡水出现大面积扩散,覆盖了整个莱州湾的北部和中部,最远可至龙口附近,黄河入海水沙扩散不同步。在现行河口和钓口流路废弃河口存在两个高浓度泥沙中心,分别对应于黄河入海泥沙和废弃钓口流路海域底质再悬浮产生的两个泥沙来源。河口及三角洲近岸切变锋的阻隔及辐聚作用,是大部分黄河入海泥沙沉积在河口及沿岸13m水深以内的主要动力因素。受余流方向及水体垂向湍动较弱的影响,两个高浓度泥沙中心很少有泥沙交换。冲淡水的大面积扩散主要受表层余环流的影响。余流及悬浮泥沙通量计算显示,夏季黄河入海水沙在近岸主要向东北方向扩散。  相似文献   

4.
黄河口清水沟流路泥沙淤积分布及扩散   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文通过实例资料,分析了黄河清水沟流路入海泥沙淤积在三角洲陆上和滨海以及漂向外海的泥沙分配,统计了三角洲淤积沿岸线的淤积延伸宽度以及泥沙在滨海水下的淤积范围,并对潮流和余流引起的泥沙扩散进行了分析。  相似文献   

5.
由于钓口流路行水时期普遍缺乏对河口和近海的系统观测,基于1976年黄河三角洲实测水深数据和汛期水沙数据,采用EFDC三维数值模式对钓口河口泥沙沉积动力过程进行了数值模拟研究。模型结果表明,钓口河口的羽状流和异重流的时空分布具有显著的潮周期变化特征。受与岸线平行的涨落潮流作用,表层羽状流的侧向摆动幅度较大,河口羽状流输沙主要平行于岸线方向,跨等深线的泥沙输运受到限制。汛期黄河入海的高浓度泥沙在钓口河口形成潜没的异重流,在底层沿河口轴线向北输运泥沙至三角洲前缘区域,泥沙输运通量比表层羽状流的输送通量高出一个数量级,且随着离岸距离的增大而呈指数形式快速衰减。随着水深增大,单宽泥沙通量的衰减速率逐渐减小。计算结果显示,由于汛期高浓度泥沙入海,钓口河口的异重流稳定存在,导致约75%的入海泥沙沉积在10m水深以浅的区域,25%的入海泥沙淤积在三角洲前缘外侧,异重流过程对汛期钓口河口泥沙向深水区输运和沉积具有控制作用。数值模拟结果与前人根据水深变化揭示的三角洲冲淤分布格局一致,与钻孔的沉积记录基本吻合。  相似文献   

6.
本文通过实测资料,分析了黄河清水沟流路入海泥沙淤积在三角洲陆上和滨海以及漂向外海的泥沙分配,统计了三角洲淤积造陆沿岸线的淤积延伸宽度以及泥沙在滨海水下的淤积范围,并对潮流和余流引起的泥沙扩散进行了分析。  相似文献   

7.
现代黄河三角洲表层沉积物的空间分布特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于近期在黄河三角洲附近海域采集的97个表层沉积物样品的粒度测试结果,研究了黄河三角洲海域表层沉积物的类型和空间分布特征,探讨了沉积物粒度分布特征与物源和沉积动力环境之间的关系。研究结果表明,研究区表层沉积物类型以砂质粉砂和粉砂为主,在绝大部分海域,表层沉积物的偏态表现为正偏和极正偏,分选程度较差,峰态表现为宽和很宽。现行河口三角洲叶瓣周围的表层沉积物以砂质粉砂为主,粒度较粗;而在远离河口的区域表层沉积物以粉砂为主,粒度较细。与20世纪80年代的观测结果相比,受物源供应和沉积环境的共同影响,近期黄河三角洲沿岸的表层沉积物有粗化的趋势,且河口口门区域表层沉积物粗化趋势最为明显。表层沉积物粒度粗化的主要原因是黄河入海泥沙供应不足,导致三角洲沿岸侵蚀加剧;黄河调水调沙以来入海泥沙的粒度变粗,粗颗粒组分在河口口门附近快速堆积。黄河水下三角洲现代沉积速率的分布特征表明,黄河入海沉积物主要在现行河口及三角洲的近岸区域沉积,在15m以深的区域沉积速率较低。同时,还可看出入海泥沙有向北和东北向的运移趋势,与渤海中部泥质沉积以及通过莱州湾向渤海海峡的泥沙输运相对应。粗颗粒沉积物在现行河口三角洲叶瓣的堆积范围与潮流切变锋的位置基本一致,反映了物源供应和沉积动力环境对研究区表层沉积物分布特征的控制性影响。  相似文献   

8.
黄河水下三角洲沉积物输运及海底冲淤研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据黄河水下三角洲的特点,建立了一个垂直平均二维沉积物输运数学模型,结合潮流和沉积物资料,模拟研究了沉积物输运机制和海底冲淤演变过程。模拟结果表明,垂直河口射流的潮流决定了本区沉积物净输运的总体格局,风应力对悬浮泥沙和推移质泥沙运动也起到重要作用。潮流底应力和活动层厚度分布表明,黄河口门和埕岛油田附近海域是潮流底应力和活动层厚度高值区,为沉积物活跃区,海底稳定性弱,易于侵蚀再搬运。冲淤计算表明,埕岛油田附近海域为冲刷中心区;现在河口水下三角洲在断流时为冲刷区,正常行河时则转为淤积区。  相似文献   

9.
黄河每年输沙11亿吨,其中36%漂浮于渤海,其余64%淤积在下游及河口三角洲地区。大量泥沙的堆积使得三角洲推进迅速,平均每年为25km~2。相当部分的悬浮泥沙由河口向外输送,对三角洲本身及邻近地区的工农业生产、交通和人民生活都产生不同的影响。本文主要根据1983年冬季和1984年夏季对黄河口及邻近海区观测分析的结果来讨论黄河泥沙入海后的迁移和季节性的差异。  相似文献   

10.
1976年黄河改道以来三角洲近岸区变化遥感监测   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16  
黄海军  樊辉 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(4):306-314
通过对黄河三角洲沿岸10个河口、潮汐汉道的23景陆地卫星影像高潮线的解译与对比,探讨自1976年黄河改道以来,三角洲岸线的变化特征;同时,利用GIS软件处理1976年和1992年滨海区水深测量数据,并与黄河利津站同期入海沙量进行对照分析。结果表明:1)目前黄河三角洲总体处于侵蚀破坏阶段,侵蚀岸线长相当于淤积岸线的2倍;2)人类活动对三角洲岸线变化的影响不断增强,人工海岸长度大幅度增加,总岸线长度缩短,岸线趋于平直;3)52.6%的黄河入海泥沙堆积于入海口附近,其中92%的泥沙堆积在15m水深线以内,向外迅速减少,20m水深线以外出现侵蚀;4)87%黄河入海泥沙往东、东南方向扩散与沉积,往南、东北方向扩散与沉积的泥沙很少,河口的北、西北方向整体上处于侵蚀状态。海岸侵蚀与河口泥沙的输移密切相关。  相似文献   

11.
本文主要根据黄河水利委员会多年固定断面的测量资料和海洋地质研究所1988年两个航次调查结果,结合黄河水沙资料的分析,对水下三角洲的地貌特征、地貌演化及形成机制进行了论述,尤其对三角洲前缘的地貌演化趋势进行了较详细地阐述。  相似文献   

12.
Numerical experiments in an idealized river mouth are conducted using a three-dimensional hydrodynamics model (EFDC model) to examine the impacts of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), settling velocity of sediment and tidal mixing on the formation and maintenance of estuarine hyperpycnal flows. The standard experiment presents an illustrative view of hyperpycnal flows that carry high-concentrated sediment and low-salinity water in the bottom layer (>1.0 m in thickness) along the subaqueous slope. The structure and intra-tidal variation of the simulated hyperpycnal flows are quite similar to those previously observed off the Huanghe (Yellow River) mouth. Results from the three control experiments show that SSC of river effluents is the most important parameter to the formation of hyperpycnal flows. High SSC will increase the bulk density of river effluents and thus offset the density difference between freshwater and seawater. Low SSC of river effluents will produce a surface river plume, as commonly observed in most large estuaries. Both the settling velocity of sediment particles and the tidal mixing play an important role in maintaining the hyperpycnal flows. Increasing settling velocity enhances the deposition of sediment from the hyperpycnal layer and thus accelerates the attenuation of hyperpycnal flows, whereas increasing tidal mixing destroys the stratification of water column and therefore makes the hyperpycnal flows less evident. Our results from numerical experiments are of importance to understand the initiation and maintenance of hyperpycnal flows in estuaries and provide a reference to the rapidly decaying hyperpycnal flows off the Huanghe river mouth due to climatic and anthropogenic forcing over the past several decades.  相似文献   

13.
黄河口拦门沙与盐水楔特征及其演变   总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2  
黄河口存在一个成型堆积法,称拦门沙。多次实测结果,其长度约3-7km同蛋白质水平宽度与河宽相同,横亘于黄河尾闾与海水相连接处。随着河口延伸,拦门沙也向海推移,淤积最多的 部位是前绝急坡区。  相似文献   

14.
黄河水下三角洲沉积厚度、沉积速率及砂体形态   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9  
本文通过多年水下实测剖面对比,对黄河水下三角洲现今活动叶瓣沉积厚度、沉积速率和砂体形态进行了研究。厚度分布等值线呈椭圆形,长轴与海岸平行。口门处沉积速率最大,平均最高值可达240cm/a之多,前三角洲沉积速率小于30cm/a,平均约15cm/a,三角洲侧缘小于50cm/a,平均约30cm/a。三角洲叶瓣砂体成分受物源控制,主要由粗粉砂组成。通过与世界六种典型三角洲砂体模式对比,认为黄河三角洲叶瓣砂体有其特殊性,代表具高密度流的三角洲砂体特征。  相似文献   

15.
The Huanghe (Yellow River) discharges extremely high suspended sediment concentrations (25 to 220 g/l) which favor sustained hyperpycnal plumes (underflows). Observations of weakly hyperpycnal unchannelized plumes and indirect evidence of strongly hyperpycnal channelized underflows over the delta front indicate the importance of these modes of sediment dispersal. The weakly hyperpycnal plumes occupy the entire water column over the shallow (<5 m) delta top. From a pronounced front near the break in slope at about 5 m depth, they descend over the delta-front slope as wide-spread underflows. Evidence of strongly hyperpycnal underflows was shown from subaqueous valleys partly filled with low-density mud.  相似文献   

16.
Neil C. Mitchell   《Marine Geology》2005,220(1-4):131-151
Channels are relatively common on river-mouth deltas, but the process by which they arise from river sediment discharge is unclear because they can potentially be explained either by negatively buoyant (hyperpycnal) flows produced directly from the river outflow or by flows generated by repeated failure and mobilisation of sediment rapidly deposited at the delta front. Channels eroded through a dump site of dredge spoils are described here from multibeam and older sonar data collected in Commencement Bay, at the mouth of the Puyallup River. Shallow channels on the seaward upper surface of the dump site, away from any flows that could have been produced by delta front failures, suggest that at least some hyperpycnal flows were produced directly from the positively buoyant river outflow up to 200 m from the edge of the river mouth platform. The form of channel bed erosion is revealed by the longitudinal shape of the main eroded channel compared with the adjacent dump site profile. It suggests that the channel evolved by its steep front retreating, rather than by simple vertical entrenchment or diffusive-like evolution of the profile, a geometry interpreted as evidence that repeated failure of the bed occurred in response to shear stress imposed by bottom-travelling flows. Model calculations based on shear strengths back-calculated from the geometry of channel wall failures suggest that, if the main channel were eroded solely by hyperpycnal flows, their generation was remarkably efficient in order to create flows vigorous enough to cause channel bed failure. Besides the sediment concentration and discharge characteristics that have been considered to dictate the ability of rivers to produce hyperpycnal flows, it is suggested that the timing of floods with respect to the tidal cycle should also be important because extreme low tides may be needed to ensure that coarse sediment is transferred vigorously to the edge of river mouth platforms.  相似文献   

17.
A study of suspended sediment concentration in the buoyant plume of the Fraser River, Canada, showed that unstratified flow conditions at the river mouth caused resuspension of sandy bed material and high concentrations of coarse sediment. When flow at the mouth was stratified, sediment was fine-grained and concentrations were low. Application of a multivariate model revealed that suspended sediment concentration along the plume axis was controlled primarily by distance seaward of the river mouth, secondly by tidal height, and least by sediment concentration in the river.  相似文献   

18.
黄河三角洲海岸剖面类型与演变规律   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据1976-2002年黄河三角洲滨海区36个断面的地形实测资料以及利津水文站的水沙资料,运用动力地貌学的方法,对黄河三角洲海岸剖面形态及冲淤演变进行了研究。结果表明,黄河三角洲海岸剖面可分为建设型、破坏型和稳定型三种基本类型。建设型海岸分布于行水河口,等深线向海推进的距离取决于入海泥沙的堆积过程与海洋动力对泥沙的侵蚀过程两者之间的对比;破坏型海岸主要分布于停止行河不久的废弃河口附近,剖面侵蚀深度与海洋动力条件尤其是潮流流速大小密切相关;而稳定型海岸主要分布于长时间不行河的湾湾沟口附近和广利河以南岸段,前者受河海动力因素影响较小,而后者主要与莱州湾潮流流场有关。  相似文献   

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