共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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长江中下游湖泊水体氧同位素组成 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过长江中下游45个湖泊不同季节水体δ18O分析,对湖泊水体演化过程进行了研究。结果表明,湖泊水体δ18O主要反映了湖泊水源变化及湖泊水体与长江洪水期/枯水期交替演变的特征关系。受江湖关系随季节变化影响,处于长江中下游中段安徽省境内的巢湖、石塘湖等湖泊各季节水体δ18O都相对较高,处于上段和下段的鄱阳湖群和太湖湖群湖泊水体δ18O相对较低。因此,长江中下游上段和下段湖泊水体交换受长江影响较大,中段较小。对不同季节湖泊水体δ18O比较分析表明,长江对湖泊水体的影响主要在夏季,秋、冬季节湖泊水体稳定。黄盖湖、大冶湖等湖泊夏、秋两季水体δ18O大幅度变化与长江的水位波动直接有关,在长江洪水期,湖泊与长江相连;在长江枯水期,湖泊与长江分离。玄武湖水体δ18O的大变幅是人为换水造成的。 相似文献
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高原湖泊溶解有机质的三维荧光光谱特性初步研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
提要近年来,荧光光谱技术被广泛应用于研究天然水体中溶解有机质(Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM)的物理化学特性。为了理解高原湖泊中DOM的组成、荧光光谱特性及其在湖泊水体中的垂直分布情况,作者利用荧光发射光谱、三维荧光光谱研究云贵高原湖泊红枫湖和百花湖中的DOM。结果显示,高原湖泊DOM主要表现为类富里酸荧光,包括可见区和紫外区两种类型的荧光峰,各种天然水体中都有报道的类蛋白荧光在红枫湖DOM中并不明显,而在百花湖DOM中则有较强的类蛋白荧光。溶解有机质所含三种类型荧光峰(PeakA:紫外区类富里酸荧光峰;PeakB:可见区类富里酸荧光峰;PeakC:类蛋白荧光峰)的荧光强度与溶解有机碳之间没有明显的线性相关关系,可能与高原湖泊水体pH值、DOM在湖泊不同深度由于受到光降解、微生物降解等作用存在差异等因素有关。与有机质结构和成熟度有关的荧光峰比值r(A,C)在1.40—2.09范围内,红枫湖南湖、百花湖DOM样品的r(A,C)值随着水体深度有下降的趋势,而红枫湖北湖DOM的r(A,C)值则随着水体深度有较大起伏,揭示了高原湖泊水体中DOM的结构以及分布情况存在差异。另外,r(A,C)值与pH之间具有良好的正相关关系,其相关系数红枫湖南湖DOM为0.95,百花湖两个采样点DOM分别为0.67、0.75,而红枫湖北湖DOM则显示出一定的负相关性(R2=0.45)。 相似文献
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蓝藻可以在各种水体中出现,尤其适于有机物丰富,碱性较高(pH8—9.5)的水体中,当水温较高(25—30℃)的季节里繁殖快,有时大量发生,有些种类还可形成湖靛。湖靛又称水花或水华。但在江浙一些地区称为浮靛、臭绿沙等;在安徽地区称湖青、湖片、湖淀等;广东俗称(艹耗)等。它主要分布于长江中下游、云贵高原和东北平原等一些湖泊中, 相似文献
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利用实验室培养法研究了不同因素对大连湾沉积物-水界面间生物可利用磷(BAP)交换通量的影响,并利用实验室培养法和间隙水浓度梯度法估算了大连湾已疏浚区和疏浚点邻近海域沉积物-水界面BAP的交换通量.结果表明,随着上覆水pH和温度的增加,BAP由沉积物向水体释放量逐渐增加;灭菌和贫氧条件下,也会导致沉积物BAP的释放量增加;上覆水中磷酸盐浓度的升高会导致BAP由沉积物向水体释放通量降低,且随着上覆水磷酸盐浓度的不断升高,BAP逐渐转化为由水体向沉积物中扩散.实验室培养法和间隙水浓度梯度法测定结果均显示,受到疏浚工程的影响,大连湾疏浚点邻近海域沉积物-水界面BAP的年均通量大于已疏浚区.不同季节,大连湾沉积物-水界面BAP的交换通量有所不同,表现为夏季最高,冬季最低.但由于受疏浚活动的影响,冬季疏浚点邻近海域沉积物-水界面BAP的交换通量也维持在较高水平. 相似文献
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千岛湖水温垂直分层的空间分布及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖泊热力分层及热力循环深刻影响深水湖泊生态系统。随着全球气候变暖,湖泊热力过程会发生显著变化。作为深水水库型湖泊,千岛湖的热力过程与水环境的变化紧密相连,为了分析千岛湖水体水温、湖泊热力分层参数(温跃层深度、厚度和强度)的分布,探讨温跃层深度与水温、水体透明度以及水深之间的关系,本文根据2014年7月份与2015年5月份对千岛湖全湖60个采样点的水体理化指标的垂向分布调查数据,计算得到千岛湖热力分层参数,进而分析其时空分布特征及主要影响因素。结果表明,千岛湖水体水温垂直分布呈现正温分布,春夏季全湖范围内均存在不同程度的温度分层现象,温跃层深度、厚度和强度均从上游河口向下游敞水区逐步增大,这种空间变化的趋势在7月份比5月份更显著。水温、透明度和水深是影响温跃层深度的主要因素。夏季湖泊热力分层稳定期温跃层深度与表层水温(0—2m)存在显著负相关关系,与透明度和水深存在正相关关系。 相似文献
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《Marine Chemistry》2001,73(3-4):215-231
In-situ benthic flux studies were conducted at three stations in Upper Galveston Bay twice during March 1996 to directly measure release rates of dissolved Mn, Fe, Ni and Zn from the sediments. Results showed reproducible increases with time in both replicate light and light–dark benthic chambers, resulting in average fluxes of −1200±780, −17±12, −1.6±0.6 and −2.4±0.79 μmol m−2 day−1 for Mn, Fe, Ni and Zn, respectively. Sediment cores collected during 1994–1996 showed that surficial pore water concentrations were elevated compared to overlying water column concentrations, suggesting diffusive release from the sediments. Diffusive flux estimates of Mn and Zn agreed in direction with chamber fluxes measured on the same date, but only accounted for 5–38% of the measured flux. Diffusive fluxes of Fe agreed with measured fluxes at the near Trinity River station but overestimated actual release in the mid and outer Trinity Bay regions, possibly due to inaccurate determination of the Fe pore water gradients or rapid oxidation processes in the overlying water at these stations.In general, measured fluxes of Mn and Ni were higher in the mid Trinity Bay region and suggested a mechanism for the elevated trace metal concentrations previously reported for this region of Galveston Bay. However, the fluxes of Fe were highest in close proximity to the Trinity River, supporting the elevated Fe concentrations measured in this region during this and other studies, and decreased towards middle and outer Trinity Bay. Trace metal turnover times were between 0.1 and 1.2 days for Mn, between 1.3 and 4.6 days for Fe, and between 27 and 100 days for Ni and 12–20 days Zn, and were considerably shorter than the average Trinity Bay water residence time (1.5 years) for this period. Comparing area averaged benthic inputs to Trinity River inputs shows the sediments to be a significant source of trace metals to Galveston Bay. However, while benthic inputs of trace metals were measured, water column concentrations remained low despite rapid turnover times for Mn and Fe, suggesting removal of these metals from the water column after release from the sediments. 相似文献
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The regeneration of pore water nutrients was studied and the contribution of benthic nutrient fluxes to the overlying water
was evaluated on the basis of field specific observations conducted in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999 in the Bohai
Sea. Nutrient concentrations in sediment pore waters were examined by incubating sediment core samples with overlying seawater
in air and/or nitrogen conditions. Nutrient diffusion fluxes calculated by diagenetic equations were within a factor of 2
during incubations. The factors affecting nutrient diffusion across sediment/water interface include bioturbation, nitrification,
denitrification, adsorption, and dissolution. The regeneration of nutrients from sediments will increase nutrient loads of
the Bohai Sea and affect nutrient atomic ratios in this region. Among nutrient sources from riverine input, atmospheric deposition
and sediment regeneration, ammonium and phosphate mainly came from atmospheric deposition (>50%); nitrate was mainly transported
by riverine input into the Sea, silicate from sediment regeneration accounts up to 60%. This demonstrates that nutrient regeneration
in sediments contributes more silicate than riverine input and atmospheric deposition together, but benthic flux contributes
very much less phosphate and nitrate relative to riverine input and atmospheric deposition. The benthic fluxes of nutrients
may lead to a decrease of the amount of nitrate, an increase of phosphate, ammonia and silicate in the water column. The release
of silicate from sediments may compensate the decrease of silicate due to the reduction of riverine discharge. Nutrient regeneration
in sediment may have an important influence on the eutrophic character of coastal waters in this region.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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通过对东北太平洋海域中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物间隙水中铜、锰、镍等微量元素的详细研究表明,锰主要受沉积环境的影响,其含量的变化范围在0.16～8.61μg/dm3之间;铜和镍则主要与表层海水的初级生产力有关,研究区内间隙水中铜和镍含量的变化范围分别为0.16～20.8和0.80～3.12μg/dm3,且这些元素在沉积物—水界面处均存在最大浓度梯度.利用“Fick扩散定律”计算表明,锰在研究区主要是从上覆海水向沉积物扩散,是沉积物中锰的主要来源之一;而铜和镍则是从沉积物向上覆海水扩散,是底层海水中铜和镍的主要来源。与表层海水中铜和镍向底层海水的输送通量计算结果相比,底层海水中铜和镍的含量主要受沉积物的控制. 相似文献
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Research is conducted on the following questions: 1) the seasonal and spacial changes of Fe2+ concentration in overlying water and interstitial water; 2) the profiles of Fe3+ and Fe2+and total Mn in solid phase of sediment; and 3) the estimation and comparison of Fe and Mn diffusion and deposition fluxes.The complex relation among the early diagenesis of iron, the grain size composition in solid phase of sediment and the factors of pH and Eh as well as dissolved oxygen are reflected by seasonal and space relation of Fe2+ change.The geochemical activity and role of iron and manganese during diagenetic processes is discussed and estimated by calculating and comparing deposition and diffusion fluxes of both the elements. 相似文献
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The downward flux of Mn through the water column was directly measured using sediment traps. The Mn flux from the bottom sediment to the water column, and the removal rate of Mn in the bottom water were estimated from Mn gradients in the bottom water. The sediment traps were deployed more than ten times at the same station in Funka Bay, Japan. The trapped settling matter and filtered suspended matter samples were analyzed for Mn, Fe, Al and ignition loss. The observed downward flux of Mn through the water column in winter (1.3–2.8 μg/cm2 /day) was generally an order of magnitude larger than that in summer (0.13–0.45 μg/cm2 /day), and the Mn fluxes for both seasons were also greater than the accumulation rate of Mn in the bottom sediments (0.10 μg/cm 2/day). More Al was contained in the trapped settling matter than in the suspended matter, while Mn showed the opposite behavior. The Fe/Mn ratio of the residual fraction (obtained by subtracting the sediment component of the settling matter) was rather well correlated with the corresponding ratio in suspended matter. Settling particles are expected to scavenge suspended matter during their passage through the water column. The flux of Mn across the sediment—water interface was estimated from its vertical profiles in the water column to be 0.1–0.3 μg/cm2 day. The residence time of Mn in bottom water was about one to several months. These results suggest that Mn is actively recycled between the water column and the sediments of the coastal sea. 相似文献
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The contents of biogenic elements in China marginal sea sediments are related to their grain sizes, river transport, et al. In general, the finer the grain size is, the higher the contents of organic matter and OC, N, P are, the lower the contents of S and Si are. The biogeochemical environments of sediments are related to Eh, pH, temperature content of OC,Fe3 /Fe2 radio, water dynamics condition, grain size of sediment, S system in sediment interstitial waters, et al., and they influence the early diageneses and cycle of biogenic elements in sediments. In most regions of China marginal sea, the flux directions of S2-, HS-,3- NH4 H4SiO4, PO4 , across the sediment-water interface are from sediment to the overlying seawater, the flux directions of SO42-, HCO3-, NO3-, NO2- across the sediment-water interface are from the overlying seawater to sediment. The irrigation of living things is important in the cycle of the biogenic elements across sediment-water interfaces. 相似文献
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Results of the analyses of the water column and sediments of the Bermuda Platform for Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn are presented. The major process controlling the water column concentrations is physical mixing of open ocean waters with inshore waters, which are polluted by a wide range of diffuse inputs. Sedimentation within the inshore waters plays a lesser, but significant, role as do fluxes from the sediments of Fe and Mn and possibly phytoplankton uptake of Zn. Concentrations within the sediments are controlled by the formation of trace metal enriched clay/organic particles in the inshore areas and their subsequent redistribution by sediment resuspension, except for Fe and Mn which are largely associated with clay lattices. 相似文献
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ZhouWcihua WuYunhua ChenShaoyong YinKedong 《海洋通报(英文版)》2003,5(2):14-21
Concentrations of organic matter, iron and manganese in the deep sea surface sediments in the Nansha Islands sea area, South China Sea are measured, Horizontal and vertical distributions of iron and manganese are discussed. The vertical distribution of iron and manganese in the sediments results from reduction, diffusion, and redeposition of manganese (or iron) oxide and hydroxide in the sediment. There are the maxima of iron and manganese in solid phase in the top of the sediment, which is caused by the penetration of O2 and the upward flux of Mn^2 ( or Fe^2 ). Manganese bacteria play a very important role in the cycle of solid-phase iron and manganese in the ocean environment. Manganese bacteria oxidize Mn^2 ( or Fe^2 ) in dissolved state to Mn^4 ( or Fe^3 ) in oxidized state under the aerobic condition, whereas they reduce iron and manganese in anaerobic conditions. 相似文献
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P.N Froelich M.A Arthur W.C Burnett M Deakin V Hensley R Jahnke L Kaul K.-H Kim K Roe A Soutar C Vathakanon 《Marine Geology》1988,80(3-4):309-343
Pore water chemistry (total dissolved CO2, NH4, NO3, NO2, PO4, Si(OH)4, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, SO4, H2S and F, and titration alkalinity), solid phase chemistry (Corg, Porg, CTOT, NTOT, F, SiOPAL and SII), and sediment characteristics (porosity, dry bulk density and formation factors) were determined on a centimeter-scale spacing in the upper 20–40 cm of sediments under intense upwelling areas on the Peru continental shelf. These data demonstrate that carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) is precipitating from pore waters in the upper few centimeters of a gelatinous mud with high organic carbon content (up to 20% Corg), very high porosity ( > 0.96 ml cm−3) and very low dry bulk density (< 0.1 g cm−3). Dissolved phosphate concentrations at the sediment-water interface range from 20 to 100 μM, orders of magnitude higher than bottom-water concentrations, and much higher than predicted from regeneration of organic matter. The mechanism of this interfacial phosphate release is unclear, but is apparently uncoupled from carbon and nitrogen metabolism and thus may be linked either to dissolution of fish debris or to the presence of a microbial mat in surficial sediments. Fluoride is incorporated into CFA by diffusion from the overlying seawater, and carbonate ions are provided from pore-water alkalinity. Magnesium concentrations in this reaction zone are not significantly different from those of seawater, suggesting that magnesium depletion is not a necessary prerequisite for CFA precipitation.
The environment of precipitation is interface-linked rather than driven by organic diagenesis of phosphorus deeper in the sediment. Most of the cores display a wide range of diagenetic characteristics below the immediate interfacial region, but almost all show the precipitation signature near the interface. This interface-linked early diagenetic porewater environment for the precipitation of CFA explains many of the geochemical characteristics of phosphorites and provides a “testable” model to compare the modern phosphogenic analog with ancient phosphorite deposits. Two of the cores display very high solid phase phosphorus and fluoride contents reflecting the presence of apparently modern pelletal apatites. 相似文献