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1.
连云港临洪河口水体中重金属的化学形态与分布特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李玉  李谷祺  冯志华 《海洋科学》2010,34(10):33-37
对连云港海域临洪河口水体中重金属元素Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd的主要存在形态及悬浮颗粒态重金属元素的赋存形态进行了分析。结果表明:悬浮态重金属Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd的含量在调查海域内空间分布基本均衡,Zn、Cu、Cd主要以溶解态形式存在,而Pb则主要以颗粒态形式存在。对悬浮态重金属元素的赋存形态分析表明,Cu主要富集在有机-硫化物态、Zn主要富集在残渣态、Pb主要富集在铁锰氧化物态和碳酸盐结合态、Cd主要富集在可交换态和碳酸盐结合态。  相似文献   

2.
2014年6月在长江口及其邻近海域采集了表层沉积物样品,用连续提取法对Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Mn和Fe金属元素的赋存形态进行分离,即分作可交换态(EXC)、碳酸盐结合态(CARB)、铁锰氧化物结合态(ERO)、有机结合态(OSM)和残渣态(RES)并测定了含量。结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中的Cr主要赋存在OSM态中,Mn主要赋存在CARB态中,Ni在OSM态和ERO态含量相当,Co、Cu、Zn、Al和Fe元素主要赋存在ERO态中。长江口及其邻近海域D断面表层沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Mn和Fe元素的非残渣态含量随着离岸距离的增加而逐渐降低。ERO态金属元素随着沉积物中铁锰水合氧化物的含量的升高而增加,且ERO-Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al与铁锰水合氧化物含量之间有较好的相关性,说明这些金属元素受到铁锰水合氧化物的影响。各金属元素非残渣态总量与ERO-Fe含量之间相关性也较好,说明各元素非残渣态受控于其各自主要的赋存形态。  相似文献   

3.
应用等离子光谱仪(ICP)与高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)分别对海三棱藨草根际沉积物中重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd)不同化学形态含量和植物根系分泌物中常见低分子量有机酸进行了季节跟踪测定,分析了有机酸(柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、甲酸和乳酸)含量与重金属化学形态(可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态)的季节相关性。结果表明,柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸含量与Cu和Pb的除残渣态外的其它4种形态含量呈正相关性,表明其能提高Cu和Pb生物有效性,与Zn的所有形态含量呈负相关性,降低了生物有效性;酒石酸、甲酸和乳酸含量与Cu和Pb的可交换态含量呈负相关性,而与其它形态含量相关性不明显,降低了生物有效性。与Zn的除残渣态外的其它4种形态含量呈正相关性,提高其生物有效性。而上述所有有机酸与Cd的各种化学形态相关性不明显。表明其对Cd的生物有效性影响不大。  相似文献   

4.
采用野外连续调查和实验分析方法,连续3年研究了海三菱藨草根际沉积物重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd)生物有效性的主要影响因素(生长季节、pH、P、Eh和DO等)。结果表明,植物不同生长季节的变化影响根际沉积物生物有效性的季节变化。具体表现为:Cu和Pb均在春、夏季可交换态含量较高,生物有效性较高,而秋、冬季可交换态较低,生物有效性较低,但碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化态二者之和也比较高,具有一定的潜在生物有效性;Zn在任何季节的可交换态比例均不高,以有机结合态和残渣态的形态为主,生物有效性较低;Cd一般以残渣态为主,基本不具有生物有效性。pH值下降,春、夏季可交换态和铁锰氧化物结合态增加,而有机结合态和碳酸盐结合态减少,提高了生物有效性,而秋、冬季正好相反;磷对重金属生物有效具有直接影响的为无机磷,春、夏季随着无机磷的减少,pH值下降,提高了生物有效性。春、夏季根际Eh和溶解氧含量增加,降低了其生物有效性。  相似文献   

5.
利用Teissier 5步连续提取法分析了黄、东海6个表层沉积物样品中重金属Zn、Pb、Ni、V、Fe和Mn的赋存形态,并基于富集因子评价法、地质累积指数评价法和酸提取态比重风险评价法对6种重金属的污染现状和潜在生态风险进行了初步评价。各重金属的含量分布依次为:FeMnZnVNiPb。Ni、Zn、V和Fe两两之间均呈现很好的正相关,表明这些元素污染具有同源性。赋存形态分析表明,V、Fe、Zn和Ni主要以残渣态存在,Pb和Mn在可提取态和残渣态比例相当。铁锰氧化物结合态和碳酸盐结合态是非残渣态Pb和Mn的主要存在形式。富集因子评价法和地质累积指数评价法结果显示,Pb、V、Fe和Mn主要受自然来源影响,未受到人类活动的影响。Ni和Zn受到轻微人类活动影响。酸提取态比重风险评价结果显示,Pb和Mn风险评价为中风险,易从沉积物重新释放进入水体形成二次污染。  相似文献   

6.
原子吸收光谱法和等离子光谱法分别研究了潮滩盐沼植物翅碱蓬(Suaedaheterop-tera)根际与非根际(根上部和根下部)沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的总量和化学形态。结果表明,从总量来看,不同潮滩沉积物中4种重金属次序均为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd,但同一元素随潮滩位置变化明显,尤以中潮滩差异最显著,重金属总量明显大于其他两个潮滩(低潮滩和高潮滩),特别是根际沉积物中的重金属总量远高于非根际沉积物总量,其比值分别为Cu3·4—4·2倍,Zn2·2—2·7倍,Pb3·2—3·3倍。同一潮滩均表现为根际沉积物>根上部>根下部。Cd含量相对较低,其变化不明显。从化学形态看,沉积物重金属表现为环境直接影响态(交换态和有机结合态)、环境间接影响态(碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化物态)和稳定态(残渣态)。与非根际沉积物相比,根际沉积物中重金属的化学形态发生了显著的变化,Cu和Pb以稳定态为主,其次为环境间接影响态,环境直接影响态最低;Zn与上述2种金属不同,以环境直接影响态含量最高(可交换态是有机结合态的7倍),其次分别为环境间接影响态(主要是碳酸盐结合态)和稳定态。实验结果表明,由于特异根圈效应,一方面该植物使可迁移形态的Cu和Pb在根际逐步得到矿化,使其生物可利用性降低;另一方面使Zn的生物可利用性提高,促进了植物对Zn的吸收利用。  相似文献   

7.
西北冰洋表层沉积物中重金属的赋存形态研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用连续提取法对选自西北冰洋的32个表层沉积物进行分析,测定了Cr、Cu、Pb在全样中及其在P1-2、P3、P4、P5中的含量.结果表明随着离岸距离增加,水深加深,Cr、Cu、Pb含量呈增高的趋势.研究区陆架沉积物中Cr、Cu、Pb含量分别为60.66、14.77、16.65μg/g;深海沉积物中Cr、Cu、Pb的含量分别为80.40、41.70、25.62μg/g.元素赋存形态分析表明,Cr、Cu、Pb主要赋存在残渣态,残渣态中三元素的含量平均值分别为64.97、19.67、17.56μg/g,占元素总量的比例分别为93.58%、75.02%和83.76%.三元素在各赋存形态中的含量分布是:Cu为残渣态>有机质和硫化物态>铁锰氧化态>可交换及碳酸盐态;Pb和Cr则为残渣态>铁锰氧化物态>有机质硫化物态>可交换态及碳酸盐态.研究区重金属元素在不同赋存形态中的含量分布与北太平洋深海沉积物中类似.  相似文献   

8.
上海滨岸潮滩根际重金属含量季节变化及形态分布   总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
用Zeeman-5000型原子吸收分光光度计火焰法测定了上海滨岸潮滩沉积物中Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr的总量及其5种地球化学形态含量,发现根际沉积物中的重金属含量一般低于表层沉积物,但在重金属含量水平上,均为Fe>>Mn>Zn>Cu,Pb,Cr;单因子方差分析表明重金属在根限沉积物中存在显著的季节变化(p<0.05=,Cu、Pb、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr在高潮滩芦苇根限沉积物中的含量均在夏、秋季出现最低值或次低值,在中潮滩海三棱Biao草根际沉积物中的季节含量随采样地点不同而变化,但与同一地点表层沉积物中的含量相关性很好,除Cr(r=0.18)外,相关系数(r)分别达到0.77、0.74、0.65、0.84、0.77;Cu、Fe、Zn、Cr在沉积物中均以残渣态含量为主,Pb、Mn的碳酸盐结合态含量较高,秋季各重金属元素的碳酸盐结合态与铁锰氧化物结合态之间发生形态上的迁移与转化。  相似文献   

9.
应用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对翅碱蓬-根际沉积物系统常见重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd)总量和不同化学形态含量进行了季节跟踪测定。结果表明,系统中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd环境化学行为呈现显著季节变化。从化学形态上看,根际沉积物中Cu和Pb在生理周期内均以残渣态为主,有机结合态在夏季和秋季达较高值。Zn在生理周期内均以交换态为主且随季节变化明显,碳酸结合态和铁锰结合态随季节变化不明显。Cd以残渣态为主,交换态在春季达最高。从总量上看,根际沉积物中的Cu、Zn、Pb的总量在夏季和秋季具有较高值。从系统迁移情况看,植物对Cu和Pb吸收量均为冬季春季秋季夏季,且大部分限制于地下;其体内分布除秋季Pb为根叶茎外,其它时期均为根茎叶。Zn吸收量为秋季夏季冬季春季,且绝大部分被吸收至地上。Zn吸收和分布取决于根际沉积物生物有效含量;总之,春季植物体重金属向根际沉积物迁移。夏季和秋季,Cu、Pb和Cd由根际沉积物向植物体迁移变化并不明显,而Zn正好相反。4种元素在冬季均为根际沉积物向植物体内迁移。  相似文献   

10.
东菲律宾海表层沉积物中元素的赋存状态   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了解东菲律宾海不同类型表层沉积物中元素的赋存状态,采用化学提取方法对有无新型铁锰结壳发育站位表层沉积物样品进行了分级提取及测试,不同类型表层沉积物中成矿和稀土元素的赋存状态总体一致,表明研究区表层沉积物形成于相似的地质和海洋环境中。成矿元素中Fe绝大部分赋存在残渣态中,Mn、Cu、Co和Ni则主要赋存在铁锰氧化物结合态中,稀土元素也主要赋存在这两个相态中,碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态对重稀土元素优先吸附或具络合作用,引起重稀土元素的相对富集和铈的负异常,残渣态优先吸附轻稀土元素,导致轻稀土元素的富集和铈的正异常,火山物质则使表层沉积物残渣态表现出铕的正异常特征。同时,不同表层沉积物样品间也存在一定的差异,这与其局部形成条件——铁锰结壳发育与否有关。  相似文献   

11.
Based on the survey of surface sediment in Xiamen Bay in October 2011, the speciation, distribution, and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr) in this area were studied us-ing the sequential extraction method and ecological risk assessment method. The results indicated:(1) the total concentrations of these heavy metals were influenced by runoff, industrial wastewater, and sewage, and were all higher in the coastal area than the offshore area while the highest area of Pb was a little far-ther away from the coastal water due to atmosphere deposition;(2) sequential extractions suggested that Cu was mainly composed with residual and Fe/Mn-oxide bound fractions, Pb was bound to Fe/Mn-oxide, Zn and Cr were dominated by residual, and Cd bound to exchangeable and carbonate fractions; (3) the order of migration and transformation sequence was Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr and the degree of pollution was Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr;and (4) the ratios of the secondary and primary phases showed that Zn and Cr were both clean, Cu may be polluted, Pb was moderately polluted, while Cd was heavily polluted.  相似文献   

12.
Concentration and distribution of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb, Ni among subcellular fractions (cellular membrane structures and cytosol) and Zn, Cu, Cd among cytoplasmic proteins in the kidney and digestive gland of musselModiolus modiolus living along a polymetallic concentration gradient were studied. It was found in the kidney ofM. modiolus from contaminated sites that the Fe percent increased in the “membrane” fraction, whereas Zn, Pb, Ni and Mn percent increased in the cytosol compared to the kidney of the control mussel. Note kidney cytosol ofM. modiolus from clean and contaminated sites sequestered major parts of Cu and Cd. In the digestive gland ofM. modiolus from contaminated sites Fe, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni percent increased in the “membrane” fraction, whereas Cu, Pb percent increased in the cytosol compared to digestive gland of control mussel. Gel-filtration chromatography shows kidney ofM. modiolus contains increased metallothionein-like protein levels irrespective of ambient dissolved metal concentrations. It was shown that the metal detoxification system in the kidney and digestive gland ofM. modiolus was efficient under extremely high ambient metal levels. However, under complex environmental contamination in the kidney ofM. modiolus, the metal detoxification capacity of metallothionein-like proteins was damaged.  相似文献   

13.
GEOCHEMISTRY OF MANGANESE NODULES IN THE NORTHERN CENTRAL PACIFIC   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The contents of Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn in manganese nodules and associated pelagic sediment from the Northern Central Pacific have been measured, and the correlations between the elements of the nodules and between the chemical composition and the sedimentary environments have been analyzed. It has been found that Cu, Ni and Zn are preferentially enriched in the Mn-oxide phases while Co and Pb in the Fe-oxide phases of the nodules. The elements within the same phase are positively correlated and the elements within different phases are negatively correlated. It is concluded that the elements in the Fe-oxide phase may have directly deposited from seawater while Mn-oxide phase elements are mainly derived from interstitial waters.  相似文献   

14.
Experimental data on anoxic freshwater sediments from the Hamburg harbor indicate that commonly performed storage and pretreatment methods including aeration by drying strongly change the original associations of heavy metals with different sediment components. Oven-drying as well as freeze-drying under ‘vacuum’ affects metals originally bound to carbonate (Fe, Mn) and to the sulfidic/organic fraction (Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb), as indicated by sequential chemical extractions. While the easily oxidizable Cu and Pb portions are transferred mainly into the moderately reducible fraction, those of Zn and especially Cd are found in easily reducible and labile exchangeable fractions upon aeration of the sediment. Metals from only the latter fractions are potentially mobilizable via pore-water fluxes. Useful information on solid speciation influencing the mobility of contaminants in biogeochemically reactive sediments by the chemical leaching approach requires, therefore, proper and careful handling of the anoxic sediment samples.  相似文献   

15.
Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, As, and Sb were determined in sediment trap and bottom sediment samples collected seasonally from a station on the eastern Turkish coast of the Black Sea. Cd, Pb and Mn concentrations were highest in the sediment trap samples except during the summer period, whereas Co, Ni, Zn and Fe levels were much lower than corresponding levels found in the surface sediments. Cu, Cr, As and Sb levels showed no definite trend with sediment type. In general, with the exception of Cr, relatively lower metal concentrations in the sediment trap material were determined in the summer period. The highest mass flux, 56.5 g m−2 day−1, was measured during autumn. The highest flux of heavy metals also occurred during autumn and was strongly dependent on particle mass flux. Based on these results, we suggest that the downward vertical transport of particulate heavy metals in this region is related to the high degree of land erosion and the resultant particulate flux dynamics, which occur here. It was noteworthy that the highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe and Sb in particles were measured during winter a finding which suggests that enhanced fossil fuel combustion, which occurs during this period in adjacent urban and industrial areas plays an important role in the metal composition of sinking particles in nearshore waters.  相似文献   

16.
流沙湾冬、春季大型海藻的微量元素分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用微波消解法和AFA、ICP-MS对流沙湾2008年冬春季21种大型海藻的微量元素进行了分析。结果表明,As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Se、Fe、Mn在细江蓠体内含量最高,分别为8.90、34.35、24.26、68.12、12.04、26777.20、400.16mg/kg;Hg在海蕴体内含量最高,达6.90mg/kg;Zn在鼠尾藻体内含量最高,为277.37mg/kg;Cd在石花菜体内含量最高,为6.77mg/kg;Ba在海门冬体内含量最高,为127.02mg/kg。各藻类对各重金属元素的综合富集能力由强到弱依次为细江蓠拟刚毛藻水云海蕴鼠尾藻海门冬条浒苔小珊瑚肠浒苔蜈蚣藻礁膜大石花菜石花菜半盐生单歧藻团扇藻长石莼宽扁叉节藻穗状鱼浒苔喇叭菜海头红刚毛藻,显示出藻类对各重金属元素综合富集能力因藻而异。各元素被藻类富集的量从大到小依次为FeMnBaZnCrCuPbAsSeCdHg,显示出藻类对营养元素的富集要大于对毒性元素的富集。各藻类对各重金属的富集系数从几倍至几十万倍不等,最高是细江蓠对Fe的富集,其次为海蕴对Hg的富集,最差为刚毛藻对Se的富集,其富集系数分别为204875.29、13800.00、3.48。聚类分析结果显示细江篱的富集能力最强,是多种重金属污染海域修复的首选生态环境材料。但对重金属复合污染海域进行生物修复,应有针对性地选择数种富集能力较强的大型海藻组成修复生物群落。  相似文献   

17.
Polyakov  D. M.  Utkin  I. V. 《Oceanology》2018,58(6):900-908
Oceanology - The mean contents of elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, V, Co, Cd, Ni, As, Sc, Ga, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, W, Th, Mo) in the subcolloidal fraction of bottom sediments in the northern part of...  相似文献   

18.
用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和原子荧光光度法(AFS)测定了采集于北海银滩镇、厦门海门岛、宁德漳湾镇、乐清西门岛、温岭坞根镇、三门花桥镇等地区自然滩涂以及温岭坞根镇养殖区的可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculentas)及其栖息地的底泥样品中Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Cd、Pb、Hg 和As 等8 种重金属含量, 并对检测结果进行了含量特征、生物体与栖息地底泥中重金属含量相关性分析、生物体重金属富集系数分析。结果表明: 不同栖息地可口革囊星虫间的重金属含量差异性显著(P<0.05), 各群体中Pb 含量均超过标准, 厦门海门岛群体中Cd 含量超标; 厦门海门岛、乐清西门岛自然滩涂栖息地和温岭坞根镇养殖区等底泥中重金属含量相对较高, 所有采样点底泥中Cu 含量以及乐清西门岛自然滩涂底泥中Cd 含量达到沉积物质量标准Ⅱ类; 可口革囊星虫对Zn、Cu、Fe 的富集系数均小于1, 对Mn、Cd、Pb、Hg 和As 的富集系数均大于1。Zn、Cu、Fe、Pb 和As 的富集系数在大部分群体间差异性较小; 可口革囊星虫中的Fe 和As 含量与底泥中的Fe 和As 含量高度正相关, Zn 和Hg 含量的相关性次之, 其余重金属元素含量的相关性较差。  相似文献   

19.
The concentrations of the trace metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the Göta River estuary have been investigated. The following metal fractions have been determined: acid-leachable, dissolved, labile and particulate.The estuary represents a salt wedge type estuary and is situated in a densely populated region of Sweden. The metal concentrations found for the dissolved fraction is in the range of what can be considered as background levels for freshwater. It is difficult to evaluate any estuarine processes other than conservative mixing for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. The dissolved levels in the freshwater end member are Cd, 9–25 ngl?1; Cu, 1·1–1·4 μgl?1; Fe, 20–75 μg l?1: Ni, 0·7–0·9 μg l?1: Pb 0·09–0·2 μg l?1; and Zn, 6–7 μg l?1:The results from the acid-leachable fraction show that at high suspended load the particles sediment in the river mouth. The trace metal levels in this fraction are subject to large variations.  相似文献   

20.
Z. Seisuma  I. Kulikova 《Oceanology》2012,52(6):780-784
The comparison of spatial and temporal distribution of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe concentrations in sediments from the Gulf of Riga and open Baltic Sea along the coastal zone is presented for the first time. There were considerable differences in Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe levels in sediment at various stations of the Gulf of Riga. A significant difference of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn levels was found in sediments of various stations in the open Baltic coast. The amount of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Fe levels also differed significantly in the sediments of the Gulf of Riga in different years. A considerable yearly difference in amount of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Mn levels was found in sediments in the open Baltic coast. The essential highest values of Pb and Zn in coastal sediments of the open Baltic Sea are stated in comparison with the Gulf of Riga. The concentrations of other metals have only a tendency to be higher in coastal sediments of the open Baltic Sea in comparison with the Gulf of Riga. Natural and anthropogenic factors were proved to play an important role in determining resultant metals concentrations in the regions.  相似文献   

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