共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
Siân E. Rees Lynda D. Rodwell Martin J. Attrill Melanie C. Austen Steven C. Mangi 《Marine Policy》2010
The incorporation of the ecosystem approach into marine planning requires that all aspects of value associated with marine biodiversity are incorporated into the decision making process. An ecosystem services approach to valuing marine biodiversity is recognised as a framework by which economic, ecological and social values may be incorporated into the decision making process. There are sectors of the marine leisure and recreation industry (sub-aqua diving, sea angling and wildlife watching), which depend on the presence of natural marine resources in order to carry out their activity. Estimating the value of this direct use can provide an evidence base for the sustainable use of marine biodiversity when set against other competing economic interests in marine spatial planning. In the case study area of Lyme Bay, the marine leisure and recreation industry has been valued using both monetary and non-monetary methods. The results show that the leisure and recreation industry is dependent on the diversity of sites (many of which are currently unmanaged) and that the industry is of economic significance and an area which has recently been closed to trawling activity enables the protection of some of the most valuable sites but has limited benefits for protecting the full resource base upon which this local industry depends. 相似文献
2.
海洋生态系统服务的分类与计量 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过界定海洋生态系统服务的概念和内涵以及分析其组成结构、生态过程及生物多样性等服务的来源,详细描述了海洋生态系统所提供的食品供给、原材料供给、基因资源、气候调节、空气质量调节、水质净化调节、有害生物与疾病的生物调节与控制、干扰调节、精神文化服务、知识扩展服务、旅游娱乐服务、初级生产、物质循环、生物多样性和提供生境等15项服务。根据这些服务的相似作用与性质,参照千年生态系统评估的分类体系,进一步归纳为供给服务、调节服务、文化服务以及支持服务这4大基本服务类型。同时,也对各项服务的内容、表现特征和计量特征进行了描述。海洋生态系统服务不仅是海洋管理的核心内容,提高和维持海洋生态系统服务更是海洋管理的最终目标。 相似文献
3.
《Marine Policy》2014
This paper examines the potential relationships between the ecosystem services provided by the coastal and marine environment and the designation of marine protected areas. The hypothesis is that relationships exist between the provision of ecosystem services and the features protected by marine protected areas. It is considered that protection will maintain these features in good ecological condition and in some cases will restore ecological functioning with positive effects on the delivery of ecosystem services, as pressures upon the protected features are reduced. As the number of marine protected area designations grows, system-wide effects to communities from improvements in delivery of a range of ecosystem services may be realised. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the jurisdictional marine protected area policies proposed by the English, Welsh and Scottish Governments. It presents structured assessment matrices developed from the literature and expert opinion, of ecosystem service provision by marine protected habitats and species and applies the findings to a range of existing UK marine protected areas to demonstrate its relevance. The approach and case study findings are discussed within the wider context of marine ecosystem services and marine protected area management. 相似文献
4.
《Marine Policy》2016
In 1997, Robert Costanza and his colleagues published a groundbreaking study [1] that estimated the monetary value of the contribution of the world's ecosystems to human wellbeing. The methods used were cited as preliminary and received considerable criticism [2], [3]. In two more recent peer-reviewed studies [4], [5], the authors update the original estimates of ecosystem service value and find: (1) that original per area ecosystem service values were underestimated and (2) using these revised per area values, the total global value of ecosystem services has declined. Just under ninety-five percent of the estimated loss in ecosystem service value comes from revisions by the authors in the value estimates of marine ecosystem services. These revisions include additional per area value estimates of coral reefs and coastal wetlands that are many times the value of estimates used in the original analysis. The reasons cited by Costanza et al. for the increases in revised value estimates are examined and rejected. The data are found to be insufficient for a rigorous estimate of the global value of marine ecosystems services. 相似文献
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6.
《Marine Policy》2013
Ocean acidification appears as another environmental pressure associated with anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. This paper aims to assess the likely magnitude of this phenomenon in the Mediterranean region. This involves translating expected changes in ocean chemistry into impacts, first on marine and coastal ecosystems and then, through effects on services provided by these to humans, into socio-economic costs. Economic market and non-market valuation techniques are needed for this purpose. Important sectors affected are tourism and recreation, red coral extraction, and fisheries (both capture and aquaculture production). In addition, the costs associated with the disruption of ecosystem regulating services, notably carbon sequestration and non-use values will be considered. Finally, indirect impacts on other economic sectors will have to be estimated. The paper discusses the framework and methods to accomplish all of this, and offers a preliminary, qualitative overall assessment. 相似文献
7.
《Marine Policy》2013
Marine environments and the ecosystem services they provide are threatened throughout the world. Using an extensive data set obtained from a coordinated survey across all nine littoral countries, this study examines the recreational use of and public perceptions towards the Baltic Sea, providing support for marine policies, including the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive. The findings indicate that the Baltic Sea is an important recreation area for residents of the littoral states, as the majority of people spend leisure time there. Swedes, Danes and Finns use the sea the most, and the most common activities are beach recreation and swimming. People are concerned over the state of the Baltic Sea, especially in Finland, Russia and Sweden. Poles, Danes and Finns have the most positive attitude towards contributing financially to improving the state of the Baltic Sea. Additional coordinated research efforts across all nine littoral countries are needed to quantify the monetary benefits of improving the state of the sea. However, even the present results provide evidence on the cultural importance of the Baltic Sea, suggesting that policy makers need to take stronger action to sustain the provision of recreational ecosystem services and safeguarding the well-being of marine ecosystems to the current and future generations. 相似文献
8.
为衡量经济发达地区的生态资产价值,文章以人-地关系日趋紧张的江苏沿海地区为研究对象,基于卫星遥感影像和统计资料,获取典型年份土地利用与覆盖变化信息,结合生态系统服务价值当量因子法开展生态系统生产总值的核算和评价研究。研究结果表明:研究期内,江苏沿海地区的湿地和光滩面积呈减少趋势,建设用地、林地和养殖水域面积呈增加趋势;江苏沿海地区的生态系统生产总值均在110亿元以上,从存量来看贡献排在前两位的生态系统类型依次是农田和养殖水域,从流量来看贡献排在前两位的生态系统服务价值依次是废弃物吸纳和水源涵养,体现巨大的生态系统服务价值潜力。研究结果可为有关部门开展生态保护工作提供参考。 相似文献
9.
N. Raheem S. Colt E. Fleishman J. Talberth P. Swedeen K.J. Boyle M. Rudd R.D. Lopez D. Crocker D. Bohan T. O'Higgins C. Willer R.M. Boumans 《Marine Policy》2012
Regulatory agencies in the United States do not generally consider economic values of ecosystem services in their policy decisions. We report the results of a collaborative effort by a team of economists, conservation biologists, and staff members of the California Ocean Protection Council to provide spatially explicit and policy-relevant values for ecosystem services generated in coastal regions in California. We developed a matrix in which the rows are types of ecosystem services and the columns are types of marine ecosystems along the California coast. Where possible, we populated this matrix with ecosystem service values per unit of area drawn from the economics literature. We then evaluated whether the values for given services, in given ecosystems, could be reasonably approximated by applying the replacement cost or the avoided cost method. Reported values of coastal ecosystems varied widely, and much of the valuation research did not address specific ecosystem services. Even when ecosystem services were explicitly addressed, the services often were not described or valued in a spatially explicit manner. These results suggest that rigorous application of non-market values to policy decisions requires original valuation studies for specific services in specific ecosystems. Where original, place-based valuation studies are not possible, valuation by replacement or avoided cost methods is feasible for some ecosystem services. 相似文献
10.
长三角海洋资源环境一体化治理策略研究——基于海洋生态系统服务价值影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长三角一体化不只是陆域的一体化,还应包括海域的范围。为找出影响长三角海洋资源环境状况的主要因素及一体化治理的重点领域,从而丰富长三角一体化发展的研究,本文基于对长三角各沿海城市2009-2018年海洋生态系统服务价值的核算,通过静态面板与动态面板的综合分析,研究了人类行为活动对长三角海洋生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明：1）各城市海洋生态系统服务价值均有增加,相同类别的海洋生态系统服务的价值变化相近;2）各城市海洋生态系统服务价值的比值相对稳定,但不同城市相同类别海洋生态系统服务的价值占比不同;3）长三角地区海洋资源环境的整体状况仍需改进;4）废水直排入海、工业废气排放、海水养殖、围填海等活动对区域海洋生态系统服务价值有较大影响;5）不同人类活动对区域海洋资源环境的影响机制不同,作用方向也不相同。据此,提出建议：1）依靠科技进步提升海洋生态系统服务价值水平,同时注重海洋生态系统文化服务的作用;2）从废水排放、废水直排入海、工业废气排放、海洋捕捞、围填海等影响区域海洋资源环境状况的主要因素入手,使治理工作精准化;3）不同城市应实施差异化治理。 相似文献
11.
《Marine Policy》2013
A central challenge for natural resource management is developing rigorous yet practical approaches for balancing the costs and benefits of diverse human uses of ecosystems. Economic theory has a long history of evaluating tradeoffs in returns from different assets to identify optimal investment strategies. There has been recent progress applying this framework to the delivery of ecosystem services in land use planning. However, despite growing national and international interest in marine spatial planning, there is a lack of parallel frameworks in the marine realm. This paper reviews an ecosystem service tradeoff analysis framework and provides a more comprehensive synthesis for how it can be applied to marine spatial planning and marine ecosystem-based management. A tradeoff analysis approach can reveal inferior management options, demonstrate the benefits of comprehensive planning for multiple, interacting services over managing single services, and identify ‘compatible’ services that provide win–win management options. 相似文献
12.
《Marine Policy》2013
Benefits humans rely on from the ocean – marine ecosystem services – are increasingly vulnerable under future climate. This paper reviews how three valued services have, and will continue to, shift under climate change: (1) capture fisheries, (2) food from aquaculture, and (3) protection from coastal hazards such as storms and sea-level rise. Climate adaptation planning is just beginning for fisheries, aquaculture production, and risk mitigation for coastal erosion and inundation. A few examples are highlighted, showing the promise of considering multiple ecosystem services in developing approaches to adapt to sea-level rise, ocean acidification, and rising sea temperatures.Ecosystem-based adaptation in fisheries and along coastlines and changes in aquaculture practices can improve resilience of species and habitats to future environmental challenges. Opportunities to use market incentives – such as compensation for services or nutrient trading schemes – are relatively untested in marine systems. Relocation of communities in response to rising sea levels illustrates the urgent need to manage human activities and investments in ecosystems to provide a sustainable flow of benefits in the face of future climate change. 相似文献
13.
《Marine Policy》2016
Despite increasing attention paid to the value of marine resources, in particular marine protected areas (MPAs), their economic valuation focuses mainly on use values of ecosystem services such as fishery and tourism. Furthermore, most MPA related studies are carried out for coastal ecosystems, especially tropical coral reefs. The valuation of remote marine ecosystems is rare. The main objective of this paper is to estimate public willingness to pay (WTP) for alternative management regimes of a network of offshore MPAs in the North Sea under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). In a baseline valuation study carried out just before the adoption of the MSFD, beach visitors and a random sample of coastal and non-coastal residents were asked for their preferences for two alternative management options of three remote, ecologically sensitive areas with multiple use conflicts. Despite the lack of public awareness and familiarity with the offshore marine areas, a majority of 70% is willing to pay extra tax for their protection. Using a conservative value elicitation procedure, Dutch households are willing to pay on average maximum 0.25% of their annual disposable income to ban access and economic use. This serves as an indicator of what a network of remote MPAs in the MSFD is allowed to cost according to the Dutch tax payer. 相似文献
14.
Marine ecosystem services are seriously undervalued, resulting in under-investment in conservation and lost opportunities for economic growth and poverty reduction. Economic valuation provides a powerful tool for sustainable development by showing how dependent the economy is on an ecosystem and what would be lost if the ecosystem is not protected. This paper estimates the value of marine ecosystem services in Zanzibar, links the values to the national income accounts, and quantifies how the benefits from each ecosystem service are distributed among five different stakeholder groups. Marine ecosystem services contribute 30% of GDP, yet the ecosystem is seriously degraded due to both human and natural causes. The paper explores the reasons for this, focusing on the distribution of benefits and the (dis)incentives this creates for conservation, especially among local communities that steward the marine ecosystem. 相似文献
15.
沿海地区社会经济快速发展的同时,各种人类活动导致的海洋污染与海洋生态损害日益加剧,海洋生态损害补偿是解决海洋生态损害问题的有效途径之一。本文以温州市旧城改造工程临时性海洋倾倒区为研究对象,利用水质、沉积物、生物等监测数据,基于倾倒活动对海洋生态系统的实际损害程度,构建生态服务价值损害评估体系和生态修复海洋损害评估框架,采用市场价值法、替代成本法、影子工程法、成果参照法等模型计算倾倒活动对海洋生态造成的损害,并确定生态补偿标准。结果表明:(1)基于生态服务价值损害为1 332.61万元,一级损害类型中支持服务价值损害最大;(2)鱼卵和仔鱼、生物多样性及基因资源、气候调节和维持空气质量为倾倒区主要生态系统服务损害类型,损害价值分别为251万元、379.26万元、342.18万元,三者之和比重达73%;(3)基于生态修复海洋损害价值为1 522.37万元,其中海洋生态修复费用最高,为1 167.65万元;(4)将两种评估体系的海洋生态损害价值的平均值作为温州市旧城改造工程临时性海洋倾倒区的补偿标准,为1 427.49万元,单位面积补偿标准为0.79万元/hm~2·a。 相似文献
16.
《Marine Policy》2017
Guatemala's rich coastal and marine biodiversity provides essential ecosystem goods and services to local residents and the national economy through artisanal and commercial fisheries, aquaculture, port exports and, to a lesser extent, tourism. As in many other countries, national policies emphasise the significance of marine conservation and marine resources, primarily through implementing marine protected areas (MPAs). However, this assumes that governance, as reflected in legal, institutional and organizational frameworks, political capacity and human resources is sufficiently developed to ensure MPAs meet these goals. These issues are explored through presenting the first detailed analysis of coastal and marine governance in Guatemala. The research highlights a range of barriers to good governance which restrict the extent to which MPAs can function effectively. Recommendations are made which can capitalise upon the potential for locally managed marine areas as a means to facilitate the improved governance of coastal and marine resources in Guatemala. 相似文献
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围填海造陆引起的海岛周围海域海洋生态系统服务价值损失——以浙江省洞头县为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用SPOT5、IRS-P5 高分辨遥感数据、海图并结合实地调查, 以2004 年数据为基准, 分别获取了2008 年和2010 年浙江洞头县14 个有居民岛屿的岸线以及填海造地数据。根据填海工程造成海岛周围海域的供给、调节、支持、文化等多种服务损失构建生态服务价值损失估算模型, 采用直接市场法、替代花费法等方法评估了海岛造地导致的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失情况, 结果表明: 洞头县2004～2010 年填海造地导致海岛周围海域的海洋生态系统服务价值损失为13 626.95 万元/a, 其中供给价值损失最大, 占价值总损失的87%, 从价值损失分布空间看状元岙岛周围海域损失最大, 其次是洞头岛,小门岛周围海域损失最小。因此, 在开发利用海岛资源时, 应对养殖、捕捞、港口、自然保护等海岛开发活动进行合理的规划和调控, 提高海岛资源的利用效率, 促进海岛经济和环境的可持续发展。 相似文献
19.
研究海岛区域景观格局变化对生态系统服务价值的影响,对于认识陆地和海岛景观差异,促进海岛区域土地资源有序利用,保持区域生态系统健康发展有着积极的作用。基于1995、2005、2015年3期土地利用数据,定量分析了舟山群岛20 a间的景观格局和生态系统服务价值变化特征,并对景观格局指数与生态系统服务价值的相关性进行分析。结果表明:(1)舟山群岛水域、城市、农村景观面积不断增加,其余景观类型面积不断减少,景观格局破碎化、复杂化和多样化程度不断加深。(2)生态系统服务价值先下降后上升,净增加37.66×107元,除水资源供给、净化环境和水文调节价值总体趋势为增加外,其余服务功能价值均呈减少趋势;较高生态系统服务价值区和低值区不断增加而0.5×107~1.5×107元区域小幅减少。(3)生态系统服务总价值与景观类型斑块复杂程度和多样性呈显著正相关,而与景观的聚合度和蔓延度呈显著负相关。 相似文献
20.
如何妥善处理海洋开发利用与海洋生态系统损失之间的矛盾关系是我国沿海城市面临的重大挑战。文章分析了海洋生态补偿模式现状及其存在的问题,认为单纯收取生态补偿金并不能实质性解决海洋开发活动带来的海洋生态损失问题,实施生态修复是降低和减缓海洋生态系统损失的主要手段;建议利用海洋生态系统服务货币化来连接海洋生态损失与海洋生态修复,量化用海单位所造成的海洋生态损失和生态修复所带来生态系统功能增益,进而指示海洋生态损失与海洋生态修复是否达到平衡;进一步提出以生态修复为导向的海洋生态补偿模式的技术框架,为落实与完善海洋生态补偿制度提供参考。 相似文献