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1.
《Ocean Modelling》2008,20(2):157-169
The dynamical link between mean state biases and dominant timescales of interannual variability is examined using the output from two state-of-the-art coupled model simulations, results from an ocean-only simulation forced with observed surface fields, and various observational data sets. The focus of this study is the relative role of the mean upper ocean density structure vs. anomalous wind forcing in controlling the spectral characteristics of tropical Pacific interannual variability. It is shown that an extensive South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) creates a potential vorticity (PV) barrier in the Southern Hemisphere similar to the one associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the Northern Hemisphere in both climate models. The PV barrier in the Southern Hemisphere strongly constrains the mean equatorward flow in the ocean model pycnocline, creating a “choke point” for the mean flow around 10°S. It is then examined whether the PV barrier can also limit the anomalous flow associated with mass recharge/discharge to/from the equatorial thermocline at interannual timescales. If the anomalous flow were impeded by the mean PV structure the meridional extent of the area involved in the mass recharge/discharge process would be narrower, leading to a shorter adjustment (and ENSO) timescale. Comparison of the two climate models, both of which have similarly erroneous PV structures in the southern tropical Pacific, but different interannual timescales, shows that the meridional extent of the anomalous meridional transport is primarily controlled by the latitudinal location of the wind stress curl anomalies, while the mean state bias in the Southern Hemisphere does not seem to have any significant influence. 相似文献
2.
Hideharu Sasaki Shang-Ping Xie Bunmei Taguchi Masami Nonaka Shigeki Hosoda Yukio Masumoto 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(1):93-111
Interannual variations of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent (HLCC) in the 2000s were investigated using satellite and Argo profiling
float observations. The satellite-observed sea surface height shows that the geostrophic eastward current was anomalously
strong to the west away from Hawaii in 2003 and 2005. However, the trade winds and the orographic wind curl dipole in the
lee of Hawaii that drives the climatological mean HLCC were not particularly strong in these years, suggesting that the accelerations
of the HLCC were not caused by the wind stress curl forcing around Hawaii and subsequent Rossby wave propagation. Using Argo
observations, we found negative potential vorticity (PV) anomalies in the subsurface north of the HLCC in these 2 years. The
pycnocline is lifted northward as low PV waters of different densities stack up in the vertical, and the HLCC is then accelerated
via the thermal wind. The intensification and/or southward intrusion of the eastern subtropical mode water and subtropical
mode water seem to have induced negative PV anomalies in 2003 and 2005, respectively. Using high-resolution ocean simulations,
we confirmed the migrations of PV anomalies and their contributions to the HLCC accelerations. Although the HLCC is located
away from the cores of major mode waters, our results suggest that interannual variations of the HLCC are affected by those
of mode waters. 相似文献
3.
Dynamic Structure of the Kuroshio South of Kyushu in Relation to the Kuroshio Path Variations 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The variation of velocity and potential vorticity (PV) of the Kuroshio at the PN line in the East China Sea and the TK line
across the Tokara Strait were examined in relation to the path variations of the Kuroshio in the southern region of Japan,
using quarterly data from a conductivity-temperature-depth profiler and a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler during
1987–97. At the PN line the Kuroshio has a single stable current core located over the continental slope and a significant
maximum of PV located just onshore of the current axis in the middle part of the main pycnocline. On the other hand, the Kuroshio
at the TK line has double current cores over the two gaps in the Tokara Strait; the northern core has a much larger velocity
than the southern core on average during periods of the large meander of the Kuroshio, while the difference in strength between
the double cores is small during the non-large-meander (NLM) period. At the TK line, PV in the middle pycnocline is variable;
it is small and nearly uniform throughout the section for 40% of the total observations, while it has a significant maximum
near the northern core for 30% and two maxima corresponding to the double current cores for 23%. The small, nearly uniform
PV occurs predominantly during the NLM period, and is closely related to the generation of the small meander of the Kuroshio
southeast of Kyushu.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2000,47(4):737-743
Recent works have shown that parameterizing eddy fluxes as a downgradient diffusion of potential vorticity (PV) generates circulation over topography. This result is examined in the context of a simple barotropic quasi-geostrophic model. It is shown that, unless a constraint on the eddy diffusivity is maintained, the PV mixing parameterization creates a fictitious torque which generates angular momentum. These considerations indicate that momentum conservation is not maintained in recent models that purport to show generation of net alongslope flow associated with PV mixing over topography. 相似文献
5.
David A Brown Richard W Gossett G Patrick Hershelman Charles F Ward Alvin M Westcott Jeffrey N Cross 《Marine environmental research》1986,18(4)
Sediments and organisms were examined for concentrations of organic and metal contaminants from near the Los Angeles County (JWPCP) municipal outfall at Palos Verdes (PV) station 7-3, the Los Angeles City (Hyperion) municipal outfall at Santa Monica Bay (SMB) station 6-4 and reference station SMB 2–3 near Malibu Beach. Flows and mass emission rates of suspended solids, PCBs, Cd and Zn were similar at the two outfalls. Mass emission rate of copper was almost twice as high from Hyperion as from JWPCP, while mass emission rate of DDTs was an order or magnitude higher from JWPCP than from Hyperion.Surficial sediments at PV 7-3 were enriched in most contaminants relative to SMB 6-4 and relative to the mass emission rates of contaminants from the JGVPCP and Hyperion outfalls. Some of this enrichment could be accounted for by the greater accumulation of organic material, measured as total volatile solids, at PV 7-3 relative to SMB 6-4. Some might be accounted for by resurfacing of more contaminated historical deposits buried at PV 7-3. Some of the enrichment of DDTs relative to PCBs could be accounted for by the greater abundance of oxygenated metabolites of PCBs (PCBols) relative to DDTs (DDTols) in sediments.The degree of contamination of organisms by DDTs increased with proximity to PV 7-3 but contamination by PCBs was similar at PV 7-3 and SMB 6-4. DDT concentrations in fish livers ranged from 12 ± 4 (
) mg/wet kg in longspine combfish from SMB 2–3 to 610 ± 105 (n = 5) mg/wet kg in Pacific sanddab from PV 7-3. DDT concentrations in fish gonads ranged from 0·003 ± 0·003 (n = 5) mg/wet kg in yellowchin sculpin from SMB 6-4 to 1.5 ± 6 (n = 3) mg/wet kg in Pacific sanddabs from PV 7-3. PCB concentrations in fish livers ranged from 1·2 ± 0·4 (n = 4) mg/wet kg in yellowchin sculpin from SMB 2–3 to 16 ± 3 (n = 6) in Pacific Sanddab from SMB 6-4. DDT and PCB concentrations in invertebrate hepatopancreas were only slightly lower than those in fish livers. DDTols and PCBoIs comprised an average of 91 % of the total of parent compounds and oxygenated metabolites in sediments and 66 % in livers and hepatopancreas. Trace metals were frequently decreased in livers and hepatopancreas from near outfalls even though they were highly elevated in sediments.Comparison of sediment and tissue chlorinated hydrocarbon data with that from Elliot and Commencement Bays, Puget Sound, indicated that none of the southern California coastal stations considered in this study were sufficiently lacking contamination to be considered as adequate control sites. 相似文献
6.
针对渤海油田老区块增油控水的现状,提出在海上油田使用无机硅酸凝胶SC-1调剖体系。室内实验结果表明,该凝胶体系的封堵效率可以达到89%以上,其封堵稳定性与渗透率有关,在渗透率为7.95μm^2时,经过23 PV水冲刷后,封堵效率仍然可以达到99.24%,但是在渗透率为0.152μm^2时,经过22 PV水冲刷后,封堵效率仅为4.13%。在平面非均质并联管实验中,该体系能够高效封堵高渗水层,改善纵向矛盾,提高高、低渗层的采收率,分别为4.92%和6.45%。结合无机凝胶的污染小、成本低的特点,此凝胶体系在海上油田有很广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
本文利用卫星高度计数据和分析数据,并结合同时期现场深水潜标的流速观测数据,研究了超强台风泰利过境前后台湾东北附近海域流场、位势密度场、位势涡度场以及黑潮入侵东海陆架强度的变化。分析结果表明,泰利台风通过改变台湾东北陆坡附近海域的流场、位势密度场,显著地削弱(增强)了西段(东段)陆坡附近的位势涡度梯度,从而使得西段(东段)陆坡黑潮入侵东海陆架的强度显著增强(减弱)。此外,本文还区分了台湾东北西部陆坡附近表层的跨陆坡“上凸型”位势涡度分布与次表层的跨陆坡“下凹型”位势涡度分布,并认为次表层的跨陆坡“下凹型”位势涡度分布也应作为台湾东北西部陆坡附近“位势涡度障碍”的重要组成部分。本文的研究结果揭示了大气中的台风过程对台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架产生显著影响的关键过程及机制,相关结论可为台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架变化规律的研究提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
8.
Interannual-to-decadal variations in the subtropical countercurrent (STCC) and low potential vorticity (PV) water and their
relations in the North Pacific Ocean are investigated on the basis of a 60-year-long hindcast integration of an eddy-resolving
ocean general circulation model. Although vertically coherent variations are dominant for STCC interannual variability, a
correlation analysis shows that an intensified STCC vertical shear accompanies lower PV than usual to the north on 25.5- to
26.1-σθ isopycnal surfaces, and intensified meridional density gradient in subsurface layers, consistent with Kubokawa’s theory (J
Phys Oceanogr 29:1314–1333, 1999). The low-PV signals appear at least 2 years before peaks of STCC, propagating southwestward from the subduction region. 相似文献
9.
位涡在冷流暴雪短时预报中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用NCAR/NCEP逐日6 h间隔的再分析资料,对2005 年冬季发生在山东半岛的冷流暴雪过程中的位涡演变特征及其对降雪的作用机制进行了分析.结果表明:(1) 中高纬度阻塞环流形势经历了转型,其发展演变过程有利于冷空气频繁南下从不同的路径入侵渤海和山东半岛地区,造成持续性冷流暴雪;(2) 高位涡从高层下传,降雪强度与下伸高度有关;(3) 高位涡的移动可以很好地示踪冷空气的源地和路径,此次持续性强降雪过程的冷空气来源于4种路径;(4) 对流层中层的高位涡区的强度和影响时间可作为冷流暴雪预报的有益指标,500 hPa等压面的高位涡信号明显,与强降雪的出现有很好的同位相对应关系,700 hPa的位涡场有时候也表现出强劣信号,业务应用中可同时比较分析二者的高位涡区;(5) 高层的高位涡冷空气下沉时产生位势不稳定和对称不稳定层结,对降雪起到增强作用,500 hPa出现明显槽时可形成"不稳定-稳定-不稳定"的大气层结稳定垂直结构,在短时间内产生强降雪. 相似文献
10.
The Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) exhibits a decadal variability during recent years, i.e., salinification before 1997 and freshening thereafter, with the maximum anomalies locating at the region of Brazil and Malvinas currents confluence. Our study proposed that the local mesoscale eddies may play an important role in triggering this decadal oscillation. The eddy activity intensification (weakening) leads to the increase (decrease) of poleward cross-frontal eddy salinity flux and upward eddy buoyancy flux, which results in the weakening (strengthening) of the subsurface stratification and potential vorticity (PV). The PV anomalies facilitate (block) the poleward transport of warm saline subtropical water, while the stratification weakening favors the further downward transmission of salinity anomalies by processes of eddy flux as well as mean-flow advection (the stratification strengthening inhibits the vertical transport), then initiates the decadal change of the AAIW property. The whole process of the eddy-related propagation of salinity anomalies takes about 4 to 6 years. 相似文献
11.
针对高30断块砂岩油藏，筛选和评价了表面活性剂／聚合物（S／P）二元复合驱油体系。结果表明，表面活性剂CDS-1在有效浓度（0．025％～0．300％）低而宽的范围内，体系与原油的界面张力可降到能大幅度提高驱油效率的10^-2mN／m数量级；当疏水缔合聚合物HNT201—3浓度为1250mg／L、CDS-1浓度为0．05％时，体系在地层条件下的表现黏度可达72．37mPa·s。在模拟油层渗透率及非均质变异系数的岩心上，注入0．30PV二元复合体系及0．10Pv聚合物保护段塞时，可比水驱提高采收率20．91％OOIP。 相似文献
12.
The satellite altimeter data reveal that intraseasonal long Rossby wave is amplified in the western part of subtropical ocean. Based on a two and half layer ocean model we infer that the intraseasonal long Rossby wave may be amplified by the baroclinic instability. According to the baroclinic instability criterion derived from the two and half layer model, we calculate the baroclinic instability area of the Subtropical North Pacific Ocean based on Levitus98 data. The baroclinic instability area is well in accord with the amplification area of the intraseasonal long Rossby wave, and this also proves that the baroclinic instability is the main amplification mechanism of the intraseasonal long Rossby wave in the subtropical ocean. The consistency between the baroclinic instability area and potential vorticity (PV) pool is further proved in this paper, therefore, we have confidence that the intraseasonal long Rossby wave is amplified in the PV pool. Due to the relatively large ocean basin and weak ventilation, the PV pool is much larger in the North Pacific Ocean than in the North Atlantic Ocean, and this is the reason for the difference of wave amplification areas of these two Oceans. 相似文献
13.
Shale samples collected from seven wells in the southeastern Ordos Basin were tested to investigate quantitatively the pore structure and fractal characteristics of the Lower Permian Shanxi Shale, which was deposited in a marine-continental transitional (hereinafter referred to as the transitional) environment. Low-pressure nitrogen adsorption data show that the Shanxi Shale exhibits considerably much lower surface area (SA) and pore volume (PV) in the range of 0.6–1.3 m2/g and 0.25–0.9 ml/100 g, respectively. Type III kerogen abundant in the transitional Shanxi Shale were observed to be poorly developed in the organic pores in spite of being highly mature, which resulted in a small contribution of organic matter (OM) to the SA and PV. Instead, I/S (illite-smectite mixed clay) together with illite jointly contributed mostly to the SA and PV as a result of the large amount of inter-layer pores associated with them, which were evident in broad-ion-beam (BIB) imaging and statistical analysis. Additionally, the Shanxi Shale has fractal geometries of both pore surface and pore structure, with the pore surface fractal dimension (D1) ranging from 2.16 to 2.42 and the pore structure fractal dimension (D2) ranging from 2.49 to 2.68, respectively. The D1 values denote a pore surface irregularity increase with an increase in I/S and illite content attributed to their more irregular pore surface compared with other mineralogical compositions and OM. The fractal dimension D2 characterizing the pore structure complexity is closely related to the pore arrangement and connectivity, and I/S and illite decrease the D2 when their contents increase due to the incremental ordering degree and connectivity of I/S- or illite-hosted pores. Meanwhile, other shale constituents (including kaolinite, chlorite, and OM) that possess few pores can significantly increase the pore structure complexity by way of pore-blocking. 相似文献
14.
15.
大庆油田萨北开发区二类油层二元复合驱技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大庆油田萨北开发区二类油层具有渗透率低和非均质严重等特点，水驱开采效果差。对4种不同表面活性剂二元复合体系黏度、界面张力及其稳定性进行了评价，优选出性能好的“炼化石油磺酸盐／聚合物”二元复合体系。还对该体系的驱油效果、注入参数、黏度和段塞组合等进行了实验研究，结果表明“炼化石油磺酸盐／聚合物”二元复合体系具有较好增油效果。“整体”段塞和段塞黏度排序“低中高”注入方式的增油效果较好，调剖愈早，增油效果愈好。推荐矿场采用的注入方式为：先注入0．05～0．08PV的Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶段塞，再转注0．33～0．49PV二元复合体系（CP=1200mg／L，CS=0．2％）。在上述配方组成和段塞组合条件下，比水驱提高采收率15％以上。 相似文献
16.
使用序列化和不规则矩形划分的方法,开发了基于消息传递接口(MPI)的环流数值模式并行算法,并通过邻近点交换策略(NPES)进一步提升了计算效率。在HP C7000刀片系统上设计了两个实验,数值结果表明,使用了NPES的并行版本(PVN)的计算效率要高于原并行版本(PV)。在第二个实验中当进程数为100时PVN的计算效率仍可达到0.9以上,然而此时PV的计算效率已迅速下降至0.39。并用环流模式的PVN版本对一个高分辨率的区域进行了模拟,效果较好。该算法具备普适性,可用于其它环流模式的高效并行。 相似文献
17.
“碱／表面活性剂／聚合物”三元复合驱油技术以其良好的增油效果而受到石油科技工作者的广泛重视，但驱油剂价格高和在油藏内损失量大一直制约着该项技术的大规模推广应用。为了解三元复合驱过程中驱油剂黏度和界面张力变化特征，以相似理论为指导，利用现代物理模拟技术和仪器检测方法，开展了三元复合驱过程中驱油剂黏度和界面张力变化及其影响因素研究。结果表明，随着注入量或PV数的增加，油藏内各处三元复合体系黏度增大、界面张力值降低。在注入PV数相同条件下，距注入井愈近，三元复合体系黏度愈大、界面张力愈低。因滞留和稀释作用的影响，三元复合体系在油藏内运移过程中黏度和界面张力分别呈现不断降低和升高趋势。 相似文献
18.
Ulyanova M. O. Sivkov V. V. Bashirova L. D. Kapustina M. V. Bubnova E. S. Danchenkov A. R. Ezhova E. E. Krechik V. A. Eremina T. R. 《Oceanology》2022,62(4):578-580
Oceanology - The 51st cruise of the PV Akademik Sergey Vavilov (June 30–July 14, 2021) included the study of redox conditions in the Baltic Sea deeps. Water temperature in the upper... 相似文献
19.
Federico Falcini Daniele Iudicone Ettore Salusti 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(3):314-329
We analyze absolute velocities on the continental shelf off Cape Adare, in the western sector of the Ross Sea (Antarctica). Such a velocity field is here inferred by using a novel inverse method of absolute velocity determination, namely the tracer PV method, related to potential vorticities of temperature and salinity. This theoretical choice allows us to directly use in situ temperature and salinity data. Moreover, it avoids high-order derivatives, which can give large uncertainties that affect estimates made using previous approaches. The tracer PV method also allows us to separately estimate the steady and non-diffusive component and the unsteady and diffusive components of the flow. The western sector of the Ross Sea is characterized by a surface layer of Antarctic Surface Water over layers of Low Salinity Shelf Water and High Salinity Shelf Water, flowing northward with average velocities ～6–7 cm/s. At ～200 m depth an intrusion of warmer and saltier Circumpolar Deep Water is also evident in our data. The steady absolute velocities are in good agreement with those obtained from the classical Margules equation, in particular regarding the northward flux of the High Salinity Shelf Water. Furthermore, velocities due to diffusive processes and mesoscale activity are discussed. Finally, a steady “thermal” approximation is discussed; it allows for a qualitative check of the results by means of temperature horizontal sections only. 相似文献