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温度和盐度对半滑舌鳎幼鱼消化酶活性的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)幼鱼为实验对象,分别设置3个盐度水平(22、26和30)和4个温度水平(18,21,24和27 ℃),采用酶活性分析的方法比较研究了在不同温度和盐度的养殖环境下,半滑舌鳎肝胰脏和肠道内不同部位蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶3种消化酶活性的差异.结果表明,盐度和温度对半滑舌鳎消化酶活性影响均显著 (P<0.05).不同温度和盐度组合下,3种消化酶活性变化有所差异.总体比较,肝胰脏和肠道内3种消化酶比活力均以盐度26、温度21和24 ℃组合下活性较高.在相同温度和盐度下,肝胰脏和肠道的不同部位的3种消化酶活性有所差异,其中,蛋白酶比活力以肝胰脏和后肠最高,显著高于前肠和中肠(P<0.05);淀粉酶比活力以肝胰脏内最高,各肠段之间淀粉酶比活力差异不显著(P>0.05);淀粉酶比活力也以肝胰脏内最高,其次分别为前肠、后肠和中肠,各部位脂肪酶比活力差异显著(P>0.05).本研究发现半滑舌鳎幼鱼体内淀粉酶比活力相对比较高,说明半滑舌鳎幼鱼对淀粉具有较强的消化能力,建议在配制半滑舌鳎幼鱼饲料时可适当提高淀粉比例,以降低饲料成本. 相似文献
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大菱鲆仔稚鱼期消化酶及碱性磷酸酶活性的变化 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
针对海水鱼类仔稚鱼期高死亡率的现状，本实验采集不同发育阶段的大菱鲆，分析测定了酸、碱性蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶以及消化道碱性磷酸酶的活性变化，以期为提高大菱鲆仔稚鱼期的成活率和生长率以及优化饵料配方提供理论依据。结果表明，大菱鲆初孵仔鱼体内就已具有碱性蛋白酶活性，而酸性蛋白酶活性在15日龄左右胃腺出现时才测得。蛋白酶活性的3个极低值分别出现于仔鱼开口期，卵黄囊完全消失期和仔鱼向稚鱼的转变期。早期仔鱼体内表现出较强的淀粉酶活性。5日龄时其活性急剧下降，并一直保持较低的比活力水平。脂肪酶活性在仔稚鱼期一直很弱，进入幼鱼期后比活力迅速升高。碱性磷酸酶活性从初孵到50日龄左右始终保持较小幅度的上升，直到60日龄变态完成时才出现大幅度的升高。大菱鲆仔稚鱼发育过程中，消化道中各种酶活性变化显著，仔稚鱼变态完成后，蛋白酶、脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著增强，这标志着大菱鲆由稚鱼期向幼鱼期的转变及消化机能的完善。 相似文献
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半滑舌鳎仔稚鱼消化酶活性的变化 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对半滑舌鳎不同发育阶段主要消化酶（酸性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）以及与消化吸收相关的碱性磷酸酶的活性变化进行了测定。结果表明，半滑舌鳎在仔鱼发育早期即可检出酸性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶的活力，碱性蛋白酶的2个极低值分别出现在仔鱼开口期和仔稚鱼的转交期，从孵化后23d左右胃腺出现时，酸性蛋白酶的活性开始明显升高。早期仔鱼体内表现出较强的淀粉酶活性，孵化后12d其活性急剧下降，并一直保持较低的比活力状态。脂肪酶的活性在半滑舌鳎早期仔鱼体内一直较低，进入稚鱼期后开始缓慢上升。碱性磷酸酶活性在变态结束后出现大幅度的升高，这标志着肠组织结构和肠道消化功能的完善。 相似文献
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以缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)(A)、菲律宾蛤(Venerupis Philippinaram)仔(B)及自制配合饲料(C)作为饵料,分别研究了上述3种饵料对二龄管角螺(Hemifusus tuba Gmelin)生长、肝脏消化酶活性以及软体部营养成分的影响。结果表明：(1)鲜活饵料的投喂更有利于管角螺的生长和营养物质的累积,配合饲料的摄食效果较差,还需进一步的优化和完善;其特定生长率大小为：缢蛏组＞菲律宾蛤仔组＞配合饲料组,组间差异显著(P＜0.05);(2)不同饵料的投喂对其肝脏消化酶活性的影响差异显著,在整个实验区间的胰蛋白酶活力的大小为：缢蛏组＞菲律宾蛤仔组＞配合饲料组,组间差异显著(P＜0.05);配合饲料组的淀粉酶活力和脂肪酶活力先降后升,鲜活饵料组则较稳定;45 d 后配合饲料组的淀粉酶活力和脂肪酶活力皆显著高于鲜活饵料组的(P＜0.05);表明管角螺在饥饿时,消化酶可能存在补偿性分泌,优先利用糖原和脂肪作为能源物质;(3)不同饵料对管角螺软体部的灰分和水分没有显著影响(P＞0.05),鲜活饵料组的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量皆显著高于配合饲料组(P＜0.05)。 相似文献
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研究了温度和pH对条石鲷Oplegnathus fasciatus幼鱼胃、肠、肝内3种主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活力的影响.结果表明,1)肠和肝的蛋白酶最适温度均为25℃,而胃蛋白酶最适温度为28℃;胃和肝淀粉酶最适温度是22℃,肠淀粉酶的最适温度为19℃;各消化器官的脂肪酶在16℃时活力最高.当温度在16-28℃之间时,条石鲷幼鱼的脂肪酶和蛋白酶活力较高,淀粉酶活力较低.2)胃蛋白酶最适pH为3.2,淀粉酶最适pH是7.6,脂肪酶最适pH为4.2;肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶最适pH分别是8.6、6.6和6.6;肝蛋白酶最适pH是7.6,肝淀粉酶和脂肪酶最适pH均为6.6. 相似文献
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为研究不同光照时长对尖吻鲈(Lates calcarifer)消化酶活力的影响,作者采用生物化学方法系统测定不同光周期(光照时长分别为13、16、19和24 h)下,对尖吻鲈仔鱼阶段和稚鱼阶段3种消化酶(胃蛋白酶PP、淀粉酶AMS、脂肪酶LPS)活性变化进行对比研究。结果表明, 16 h光照时长PP的活力最高,过长的光照时长会抑制PP的活性;增加光照时长对AMS的活性有抑制作用,而对于LPS的活性呈现先抑制后促进的现象。在24 h光照时长时LPS活性增加;在19 h光照时长时对PP活性抑制;对淀粉酶影响不明显。16h光照时长能有效提高尖吻鲈仔、稚鱼的生长速度,更长的光照时长反而抑制其生长。研究表明,不同光照周期对尖吻鲈同种消化酶的影响不同;同一光照周期对不同消化酶产生的影响不同;尖吻鲈稚鱼阶段消化酶对光照时长变化的反应小于仔鱼期,适当地延长光照时长有助于提高尖吻鲈的生长速度。研究结果有助于选择特定的光周期促进某消化酶的活性,达到提高对特定营养物质的消化吸收能力,提高生产实践中仔、稚鱼的生长速度。 相似文献
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饵料对真鲷稚幼鱼存活和生长的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用６种饵料分别投喂秋冬季生殖真鲷的稚鱼，１２ｄ后测定其成活率、全长、体重和捕苗操作后１ｄ的死亡率。结果表明，投喂鲜活轮虫或枝角类，真鲷稚、幼鱼的成活率最高、生长快、捕苗操作后的死亡率低；投喂冰冻的枝角类，真鲷稚、幼鱼的成活率也较高，捕苗操作后的死亡率也很低，但生长较慢；采用未经营养强化的卤虫无节幼体作饵料，稚、幼鱼生长快，但成活率最低，且捕苗操作后的死亡率最高。投喂经乳化鱼肝油强化的卤虫无节幼体 相似文献
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Our laboratory study concerns the competitive interaction between two marine rotifer species Brachionus plicatilis and Brachionus rotundiformis at five algal (Nannochloropsis salina) concentrations (0.4×106 to 32.4×106 cells/ml) and at four initial inoculation densities (numerically, 100% B. plicatilis; 75% B. plicatilis and 25% B. rotundiformis, 50% each of the two species; 25% B. plicatilis and 75% B. rotundiformis and 100% B. rotundiformis. The initial biomass varied as 0.33 and 0.22 μg/ml for B. plicatilis and B. rotundiformis respectively. Experiments were performed at (25±1)℃. Population densities were enumerated and the medium was changed daily up to 8 d in the experiment. At the lowest food level tested, B. rotundiformis formed superior competitor than B. plicatilis, regardless of starting inoculation density. Generally when the food concentrations increased, B. plicatilis showed a greater increase in biomass than B. rotundiformis. B. rotundiformis formed the largest in population growth, regardless of increasing food concentrations. When grown alone, B. plicatilis reached peak abundances of (1.311 5±0.028) and (137.5±0.014) μg/ml at low and high food densities respectively. The corresponding values of B. rotundiformis were 0.724 5±0.016 and 18.15±0.021. The adverse effects of B. rotundiformis on the peak abundances of B. plicatilis were observed at the lowest food level and higher initial density. The rate of population growth in controls varied from (0.792±0.162) to (1.482±0.132) μm/d for B. plicatilis and (0.445±0.041) to (0.856±0.012) μm/d for B. rotundiformis, depending on food level. When both species were introduced together, low food levels favoured higher abundance of B. rotundiformis than B. plicatilis, suggesting that increased population density of the smaller B. rotundiformis was more successfull than larger B. plicatilis in brackish waters. Our work reveals that available food (type and quantity) along with starting inoculation density had significant effect on the interspecific competition between marine sibling rotifer species in zooplankton community structure. 相似文献
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光合细菌对褶皱臂尾轮虫的饵料价值 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我们自青岛栈桥浅海海泥中分离到一株光合细菌,经鉴定为球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas spheroides)。对其生化特性、生长条件以及做为褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)的饵料价值,进行了研究。结果表明,以球形红假单胞菌的新鲜培养物,混以青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica var.tsingtaoensis)喂养轮虫,轮虫的增殖率明显高于单独使用光合细菌、扁藻和海洋酵母,也高于光合细菌与海洋酵母的混合。提示在轮虫的生产性培养中,以一定浓度的光合细菌与单胞藻混合投喂轮虫,可能取得较高产量。 相似文献
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研究了延迟投饵对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼存活、摄食及生长等方面的影响。实验设1个饥饿对照组（设10个平行）和5个延迟投饵组（各设4个平行），分别在孵化后第1、2、3、4和5d开始投喂褶皱臂尾轮虫。实验结果表明裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼初次摄食时间为孵化后第1天，第3～4天时进入PNR期；初次摄食率以孵化后第2天最高，为54.55％，之后随日龄的增大而显著下降；仔鱼的存活率随延迟投饵天数的增加而显著降低；体长增长率的变化趋势与此相似。本研究表明：对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼进行投饵的最适时间为孵化后第1天。 相似文献
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火腿许水蚤对牙鲆仔稚鱼成活、生长及脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析火腿许水蚤、卤虫无节幼体及轮虫这3种饵料生物脂肪酸组成的基础上,研究它们对牙鲆仔稚鱼存活、生长及脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:火腿许水蚤体内3种高度不饱和脂肪酸(ARA,EPA,DHA)总量为34.18%,明显高于其它2种动物的含量(卤虫无节幼体4.67%;小球藻强化轮虫9.39%)。投喂火腿许水蚤的仔鱼成活率极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体的仔鱼,与投喂混合饵料(卤虫无节幼体和火腿许水蚤按比例混合)的仔鱼存活率差异较显著;其全长增长倍数和增重倍数极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体和混合饵料的仔鱼。投喂火腿许水蚤的稚鱼成活率显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体的稚鱼,与投喂混合饵料的稚鱼存活率差异不显著;其全长增长倍数和增重倍数极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体和混合饵料的稚鱼。投火腿许水蚤的仔稚鱼体内ARA、EPA、DHA的含量明显高于投喂混合饵料的和投喂卤虫无节幼体的仔稚鱼。 相似文献
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几种饵料浮游动物脂肪酸组成分析及营养效果评价 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文采用气相色谱分析法对海水鱼类育苗常用的4种饵料浮游动物的脂肪酸组成和含量进行了测定分析.结果表明卤虫无节幼虫、皱褶臂尾轮虫、蒙古裸腹溞和太平洋纺锤水蚤的粗脂肪含量分别占其体重的21.54％、9.70％、6.67％和4.66％.单不饱和脂肪酸的含量排序分别为蒙古裸腹溞＞纺锤水蚤＞轮虫＞卤虫；多不饱和脂肪酸含量则为卤虫＞裸腹溞＞轮虫＞纺锤水蚤.此外，太平洋纺锤水蚤尚含有C226(DHA)高不饱和脂肪酸，这在其它饵料生物中并未检出.卤虫无节幼虫和褶皱臂尾轮虫的脂肪酸组成中，油酸(C181)、亚油酸(C182)和亚麻酸(C183)占有较大比例，而二十碳以上的不饱和脂肪酸含量很低.文中讨论了脂肪酸组成和含量与营养效果的关系. 相似文献
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Robert Schabetsberger Marc Sztatecsny Gabriele Drozdowski Richard D. Brodeur Gordon L. Swartzman Matthew T. Wilson reas G. Winter & Jeffrey M. Napp 《Marine Ecology》2003,24(2):141-164
Abstract. The waters surrounding the Pribilof Islands are an important nursery ground for juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), an important forage fish in the pelagic food web of the productive Bering Sea shelf region. The diet of juvenile pollock was studied in two consecutive years along a transect line crossing from a well‐mixed coastal domain, through a frontal region to stratified water farther offshore. Variability in stomach fullness was high and evidence for increased feeding intensity in the front was weak. Prey diversity and prey size generally increased with increasing fish size, shifting from predominantly small copepods to larger, more evasive prey items such as euphausiids, crab megalopae and fish. The diet of the fish reflected changes in the relative abundance of copepods and euphausiids in the prey fields between years. Juvenile pollock showed increased feeding rates at dusk, and stomach fullness as well as prey condition were generally lowest just before sunrise; however, the proportion of euphausiids increased in the diet of pollock caught at night, suggesting that some food was also ingested during darkness. Juvenile pollock and their euphausiid prey both vertically migrated above the thermocline at night, although each had a different daytime depth. 相似文献
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The impacts of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Alexandrium catenella Balech, causative species of the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea, were studied under laboratory conditions. According to bloom densities, the effects of monoculture and mixture of the two species were examined on the egg-hatching success of Argopecten irradians Lamarck, and the population growth of Brachionus plicatilis Müller and Moina mongolica Daday. The results showed that monoculture of A. catenella had a significant inhibition on the egg hatching success of A. irradians, and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The median effective densities (ED_50) inhibiting the egg hatching success of A. irradians for 24 h and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica for 96 h were 800, 630, and 2 400 cells/cm3, respectively. Monoculture of P. donghaiense has no such inhibitory effect on the egg hatching success of A. irradians; P. donghaiense at lower suitable densities could sustain the population growth of B. plicatilis (1×104~3×104cells/cm3) and M. mongolica (2×104~5×104cells/cm3); P. donghaiense at higher densities had significantly adverse effect on the population growth of B. plicatilis (4×104~10×104cells/cm3) and M. mongolica (10×104cells/cm3). When the two algae were mixed according to bloom densities, P. donghaiense at suitable densities to some extent could decrease the toxicity of A. catenella to B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The results indicated that the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea could have adverse effect on zooplankton, and might further influence the marine ecosystem, especially when there was also Alexandrium bloom. 相似文献