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沉积物物源分析的现状 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
沉积物物源分析是盆地分析的重要组成部分之一,它的研究将有助于源区与沉积区的关系,沉积物搬运的路径及距离,物源区的地理位置及大地构造背景,沉积区的沉积体系分析等问题的解决。同时也是古海洋学、石油地质学中重要的研究课题。随着先进分析手段,如电子探针、离子探针、等离子质谱技术、同位素测年、阴极发光等的使用,沉积物（特别是单颗粒碎屑矿物）所携带的物源信息的大量挖掘变得可行,物源区资料的应用前景也更为广泛。所有这些促使沉积物物源的研究得到长足发展,其表现主要在以下几个方面。１碎屑模型在物源分析中的应用对骨… 相似文献
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单颗粒碎屑矿物可减小源区岩石类型、蚀变过程和程度及搬运与沉积过程对物源信息释读的干扰, 已逐渐成为海洋沉积物物源分析的有力工具, 并取得一定的应用成果。目前, 锆石、石榴石、长石、辉石、角闪石、独居石及磁铁矿等均已被成功用于海洋沉积物物源研究, 并主要利用单矿物主量元素、年代学等方法精确识别物源区地质特征和位置, 但单矿物微量元素、同位素及微区结构及多矿物对比研究的应用尚有不足; 因此, 目前对物源信息的释读难免片面, 物源识别方法和技术也仍未成熟。随着方法的发展和完善, 将可开展诸多深入研究, 如通过锆石、独居石、云母和磷灰石等不同矿物的年代学研究, 示踪研究物源区的时空变化; 通过建立多矿物定量研究模型, 进而定量研究源区蚀变速率和源汇过程中的物质输运通量和过程等。文章总结单颗粒碎屑矿物在物源识别中的应用现状, 并展望其应用前景, 以期引起同行对此研究方法的关注, 进一步促进该方法在海洋沉积物物源分析中的应用和发展。 相似文献
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黄河、长江和珠江三角洲沉积物中碎屑矿物的组合特征 总被引：37，自引：5，他引：37
孙白云 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1990,10(3):23-34
黄河、长江和珠江三角洲沉积物中碎屑矿物的组合特征,分别反映了碱性、弱酸性,酸性的物源环境及比较温凉干旱、温暖湿润和炎热多雨的气候特点。 从黄河沉积物的特征矿物是方解石、珠江沉积物的特征矿物是β石英可看出轻矿物在确定沉积物的物源方面也具有重要意义。 相似文献
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单颗粒碎屑矿物可减小源区岩石类型、蚀变过程和程度及搬运与沉积过程对物源信息释读的干扰,已逐渐成为海洋沉积物物源分析的有力工具,并取得一定的应用成果。目前,锆石、石榴石、长石、辉石、角闪石、独居石及磁铁矿等均已被成功用于海洋沉积物物源研究,并主要利用单矿物主量元素、年代学等方法精确识别物源区地质特征和位置,但单矿物微量元素、同位素及微区结构及多矿物对比研究的应用尚有不足;因此,目前对物源信息的释读难免片面,物源识别方法和技术也仍未成熟。随着方法的发展和完善,将可开展诸多深入研究,如通过锆石、独居石、云母和磷灰石等不同矿物的年代学研究,示踪研究物源区的时空变化;通过建立多矿物定量研究模型,进而定量研究源区蚀变速率和源汇过程中的物质输运通量和过程等。文章总结单颗粒碎屑矿物在物源识别中的应用现状,并展望其应用前景,以期引起同行对此研究方法的关注,进一步促进该方法在海洋沉积物物源分析中的应用和发展。 相似文献
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风尘石英在物源示踪和古气候研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
系统总结了近几十年来应用风尘石英的物理和化学特性(如粒度、形貌特征、电子自旋共振(ESR)信号强度、结晶度指数(CI)、含量和通量,以及δ~(18)O等)进行物源和古气候示踪等方面的研究进展,并分析了其中存在的问题。结果表明石英的这些指标具有稳定性,可以指示物源和古气候变化,对目前研究提出的问题和建议也对今后用风尘石英指示古气候变化的研究有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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以北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生界碎屑岩储层为研究对象，运用岩石薄片光学显微鉴定、阴极发光和扫描电镜等技术方法和手段分析成岩特征，探讨不同物源-沉积体系控制下储层的成岩演化。研究认为，东部坳陷中生界储层主要处于中成岩阶段A期，发育的主要成岩作用类型为压实作用、胶结作用、凝灰质脱玻化作用、交代作用、蚀变作用和溶蚀-溶解作用，其中，东部地区压实作用强度要高于西南和北部地区，北部地区碳酸盐胶结物的含量明显高于其他地区，东部地区以凝灰质胶结为特征并发生凝灰质脱玻化作用，西南部以黏土矿质胶结为特征并发生明显的黏土矿物转化现象，西南和北部地区的溶蚀/溶解作用的发育程度要好于东部地区。综合分析认为，研究区不同物源沉积区储层具有差异的成岩特征，表现为不同的储层序列，从而影响储层的成岩演化。 相似文献
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沉积矿物学在陆缘海环境分析中的应用 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
沉积矿物学是进行环境分析的重要手段之一，对矿物在表生环境下的物理、化学行为的研究是正确理解和获取一些重要的替代性环境指标的基础，它可为认识近代地质过程、地表气候过程和海洋环境过程提供定性和定量依据。20世纪90年代以来，海洋矿物学注重于以沉积矿物为指示，研究气候、物质来源、扩散路径和运移方向以及沉积环境等相关内容，并与地球化学相结合，解释区域性环境变化，乃至全球性环境演变等问题，取得了重要进展。对我国这一领域的研究现状作一综述，提出了5项环境示踪的沉积矿物学指标，即：用矿物组合、重矿物含量、磁铁矿、角闪石、长石等矿物示踪物源和物流；用矿物组合、高岭石、伊利石、方解石等指示古气候；用重矿物含量、石英特征等反映水动力条件；用海绿石、自生黄铁矿、铁锰氧化物等揭示氧化－还原环境；用火山玻璃、玄武闪石、蒙脱石等示踪火山和热液活动。但应用沉积矿物学示踪环境，必须运用多种指标进行综合分析。 相似文献
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对渤海湾307个表层沉积物样品的碎屑矿物进行分析,研究了矿物组合及含量分布特征,并探讨其对物源和沉积动力环境的指示。渤海湾可划分为4个碎屑矿物物源分区:I黄河矿物区,受黄河碎屑控制,以高含量的黑云母、白云母、赤褐铁矿为主要特征,石英/长石成熟度最高;Ⅱ海河矿物区,受海河碎屑控制,以高含量的普通角闪石为主要特征,石英/长石成熟度中等;Ⅲ滦河矿物区,受滦河碎屑控制,以高含量的钛铁矿、石榴石为主要特征,石英/长石成熟度最低;Ⅳ渤海湾中部矿物区,为多物源供应。黄河碎屑物质的影响力最强,控制着渤海湾的整个南半部;滦河虽然输沙量远低于黄河,但滦河碎屑的影响力并不弱,控制着渤海湾的北部和东北部;海河碎屑物质的影响力较弱,仅局限在渤海湾西北部的海河口附近。水文动力环境影响了矿物组合含量的分布。Ⅰ-1区和Ⅲ-1区为波浪长期作用下的高能扰动环境;Ⅰ-2区和Ⅲ-2区为高速潮流环境;Ⅰ-3区和Ⅲ-3区为潮流减弱区易起动组分富集下的扰动环境;Ⅳ区为弱潮流影响下的平静环境。 相似文献
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浙江海岸带石英砂表面微形貌结构的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者对浙江海岸带石英砂所做的电镜分析表明,在不同的沉积环境中石英砂的磨圆程度和表面形态各不相同。河流石英砂磨圆最差,近岸浅海石英砂磨圆程度较潮间带差。本区石英砂表面形态主要有7种:1.贝壳状断口,2.溶蚀孔,3.不规则断块,4.V形痕,5.碟形痕,6.表面弯曲沟,7.硅质沉淀。其中以贝壳状断口、不规则断块、溶蚀孔、硅质沉淀等形态为主。本文还指出了研究石英砂表面形态的意义。 相似文献
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Origin,physical, and mineralogical nature of red clays: The Pacific Ocean Basin as a model 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Extensive examination of North Pacific Basin red clays by scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveals that the mean constituent of the red clays are illite-rich argillaceous or shale clasts, quartz and authigenic smectite. The main source of the shale clasts and quartz are aeolian in nature and are derived mainly from African and Asian shales. Illite-rich argillaceous or shale clasts are identifiable by their morphology (high degree of roundness), selected area diffraction, and their unique fracture characteristics created by an ultra thin-sectioning process. This allows for the identification and differentiation of illite-rich shale clasts from other clays, including detrital illite, kaolinite, and smectite. Geotechnical examination of the red clays indicate that they are overconsolidated: the preconsolidation stress is in all cases larger than the vertical effective stress. The overconsolidation is attributed to the strong bonding of argillaceous or shale clasts, quartz and other particulate matter by x-ray amorphous and well developed crystalline sheets of authigenic smectite characterized by high surface activity. 相似文献
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J.W. Lavelle E.T. Baker G.J. Massoth 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1998,45(12):2619-2636
Total heat, salt, and other tracer masses released during a hydrothermal event are shown to be proportional to, but not necessarily equal to, volume integrals of resulting water column anomalies. Proportionality coefficients depend on anomaly definition, on background hydrographic and tracer profiles, on expansion coefficients of the equation of state at an appropriate pressure, and on tracer to heat anomaly ratios at the venting source. For Gorda Ridge event plumes, which are described in other papers of this issue, volume integrals of conventionally defined heat anomalies underestimate actual released heat by a factor of 2.4 if the discharge is not anomalously saline. Under certain combinations of hydrographic and source anomaly conditions, not unlike those found on the East Pacific Rise at 10°N, the apparent total heat released during an event can be deceivingly zero. This analysis also establishes a linear relationship between the ratio of tracer anomaly to heat anomaly at any point in the plume to the same ratio at the source. One consequence is that the ratio of anomalous 3He to heat in Gorda Ridge event plumes is approximately 2.4 larger in the water column than it is at the source. Results are independent of the entrainment process involved in event plume formation, and they are shown to hold true even for background hydrographic profiles that do not vary linearly with depth. 相似文献
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New data on the microstructures and the mineral and chemical compositions of ferromanganese crusts obtained from the western
slope of the Kuril Island Arc in the Sea of Okhotsk during cruises of the R/V Vulkanolog are discussed. The study of the crusts using analytical electron microscopy methods revealed that their manganese phase is
represented by vernadite, Fe-vernadite, todorokite, asbolane, and asbolane-buserite, while the iron phase consists of hematite,
hydrohematite, ferroxyhite, and magnetite. The assemblage of lithic minerals includes apatite, quartz, epidote, and montmorillonite.
According to the chemical analysis, most of the crusts contain a significant share of volcanogenic and hydrothermal material,
which is evident from the elevated values of the Mn and Ti modules, the low concentrations of some trace elements, and the
positive Eu anomaly in the rare earth elements composition. 相似文献
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The tight sandstones of the Cretaceous Quantou formation are the main exploration target for hydrocarbons in the southern Songliao basin. Authigenic quartz is a significant cementing material in these sandstones, significantly reducing porosity and permeability. For efficient predicting and extrapolating the petrophysical properties within these tight sandstones, the quartz cement and its origin need to be better understood. The tight sandstones have been examined by a variety of methods. The sandstones are mostly lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites, compositionally immature with an average framework composition of Q43F26L31, which are characterized by abundant volcanic rock fragments. Mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) ordered interstratified with R = 1 and R = 3 is the dominating clay mineral in the studied sandstone reservoirs. Two different types of quartz cementation modes, namely quartz grain overgrowth and pore-filling authigenic quartz, have been identified through petrographic observations, CL and SEM analysis. Homogenization temperatures of the aqueous fluid inclusions indicate that both quartz overgrowths and pore-filling authigenic quartz formed with a continuous process from about 70 °C to 130 °C. Sources for quartz cement produced are the conversion of volcanic fragments, smectite to illite reaction and pressure solution at micro stylolites. Potassium for the illitization of smectite has been sourced from K-feldspar dissolution and albitization. Silica sourced from K-feldspars dissolution and kaolinite to illite conversion is probably only minor amount and volumetrically insignificant. The internal supplied silica precipitate within a closed system where the transport mechanism is diffusion. The quartz cementation can destroy both porosity and permeability, but strengthen the rock framework and increase the rock brittleness effectively at the same time. 相似文献
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In total, 2.37 million tons of marine crude oil originating from mixed source rocks has been discovered in the Tarim basin. Geological and geochemical analyses have confirmed that these mixed hydrocarbons are mainly from two sets of source rocks, including the Cambrian – Lower Ordovician and Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. In this study, we determined the set of source rocks primarily responsible for the mixed hydrocarbons and the next location to be explored. Differences in n-alkane carbon isotopes in end-member oils from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician and Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks were examined. A material balance model and simulation methods were used to evaluate the relative amounts contributed by each source. The results from known reserves in the Tazhong area show that the mixing ratio or contribution is up to 65% from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks and is generally higher than that from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks. The discovery of deep hydrocarbons has caused the total oil contribution from the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician to increase. The mixing ratio of Cambrian–Lower Ordovician oil varies depending on the well, formation, and block. It increases from west to east horizontally and from top to bottom vertically. Hydrocarbons from Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks migrate upward along faults, and the mixing ratio decreases as the distance from the oil source fault increases. Favorable areas for Cambrian–Lower Ordovician hydrocarbon exploration are deep layers and areas near the fault zone that are connected to deep layers. The material balance model for carbon isotopes and evaluation methods for relative contributions considered differences in relative concentration and carbon isotope structure of n-alkanes. Herein, new methods for the identification and evaluation of hydrocarbons in the petroleum system of this superimposed basin are presented. 相似文献
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I~IOXThe Okinawa Trough is an extending back--arc basin between the East China Sea Shelf andthe Ry'Ukyu Island Arc of Japan. There are widespreadly distributing acid pumice in the troughand a little basalt just in some area of the extending center. There have been some detailed rePOrtsabout the mineralogy and petrochemical feature of the subalkali tholeiite and alkali trachyte in thetrough (Zhai and Gan, 1995; Li et al., 1997; Qin and Zhai, 1988). This paper mainly reportselectron mic… 相似文献
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海底沉积物中的碎屑矿物(粒级为0.063~0.125 mm)的特征及分布样式对于鉴别沉积物的源区具有重要的指示意义.对取自南海中沙群岛附近海域114个表层沉积物样品的轻矿物含量、分布特征和矿物组合进行了研究,在此基础上将本区划分为以下三个矿物组合区:生物碎屑矿物区(Ⅰ)、火山碎屑矿物区(Ⅱ)、混合矿物区(Ⅲ).生物碎屑矿物区(Ⅰ)的矿物组合单一,为生物骨屑矿物.生物骨屑矿物主要来源于中沙环礁,极少量的陆源物质及火山物质可通过悬浮或风等途径搬运进入此区.火山碎屑矿物区(Ⅱ)的轻矿物以褐色火山玻璃为主,火山渣、无色火山玻璃等火山碎屑矿物含量也较高.风化碎屑及陆源碎屑矿物(如石英等)的含量较低.火山渣在本区呈点源式扩散分布.本区矿物组合为褐色火山玻璃-火山渣.此区的物质来源相对复杂,主要来源于原地海山岩石剥蚀风化以及区内可能存在的正在喷发的小型火山物质的风化,周边岛弧火山对其贡献极小.混合矿物区(Ⅲ)的物源丰富,包括生物源、火山源及陆源,该区又可分为两个矿物亚区:东北部混合矿物区(Ⅲ-1),主要的矿物组合包括生物骨屑矿物、褐色火山玻璃、石英、长石等,陆源物质来自于我国大陆,陆源物质基本上位于17°N以北;东南部混合矿物区(Ⅲ-2),矿物组合为生物骨屑矿物、褐色火山玻璃、石英以及风化碎屑矿物,其中陆源物质可能来自南海南部及西南部大陆中的碎屑矿物,通过发源于大河口的海底峡谷搬运进深海盆. 相似文献