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1.
文章以生态系统健康评价(EHA)为工具,利用2004-2013年以来闽东沿岸生态监控区的监测数据及相关文献资料,对闽东沿岸生态监控区的海洋生态健康状况进行分析评价,分析影响闽东沿岸生态监控区海洋生态健康的主要因子。结果表明:闽东沿岸生态监控区生态环境健康状况基本处亚健康状态,但有进一步恶化的风险,水环境中pH值、氮-磷营养盐含量呈明显上升的趋势;生物质量受到不同程度的污染,贝类体内铅含量显著上升;生物环境处于不健康状态,生物种类数呈减少的趋势。结合闽东沿岸生态监控区存在的问题提出:(1)加强污染物入海总量控制制度,推行节能减排措施;(2)加强生物质量控制,发展蓝色海洋经济;(3)休渔、生态补偿制度相结合,有效利用和保护海洋资源;(4)严格控制围填海工程,保护滩涂湿地;(5)加强海洋环境监测体系建设等建议。 相似文献
2.
注重海洋仪器设备的发展提高海洋监测技术水平 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了适应当今海洋工作的要求与发展，本文就我国海洋仪器设备研制和应用的现状作出了较系统的总结，指出了存在的问题与原因。结合我国海洋工作的“九五”计划和２０１０年远景规划，并提高我国海洋观（监）测技术水平，文章提出了关于发展我国海洋观（监）测仪器设备的六点建议和具体方法。 相似文献
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British Columbia's current approach to monitoring salmon aquaculture waste is disconnected from political and legal trends towards the recognition of Aboriginal rights in Canada. Drawing on insights from collaborative monitoring in northern Canada and interviews with 23 Kwakwaka’wakw clam-diggers and cultural specialists (2006–2007), preliminary directions for integrating First Nations’ values, knowledge and stewardship practices into marine environmental monitoring are identified. Kwakwaka’wakw monitoring practices include the use of qualitative individual, community and population scale indicators and the integration of traditional knowledge as baseline data about the healthy conditions of traditional food resources. 相似文献
4.
《Marine Policy》2016
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is an important milestone for the preservation of the European marine environment. However, Member States can find its monitoring requirements challenging, particularly where it regards the definition and implementation of joint monitoring programmes between neighbouring countries. The challenges are even greater in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, where many countries are not members of the European Union and where Regional Sea Conventions face greater difficulties in coordinating monitoring activities. This paper presents the results from two regional workshops, within the framework of IRIS-SES project, which aimed to inform policy- and decision-makers in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea on what key stakeholders, including scientists, academia and local authorities, consider the main gaps, needs and opportunities for the MSFD joint monitoring regarding eutrophication and contaminants. It shows that a bottom-up approach, guided by structured workshops, can be a successful means of enhancing cooperation. 相似文献
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文章结合连江海洋减灾综合示范区的总体建设情况,重点分析海洋灾害监控防控系统的构建思路和成果应用,主要包括海洋在线监测系统、海洋灾害信息发布系统、海洋减灾综合应急标志系统和海洋减灾综合视频监控系统,为其他地区开展以沿海重点养殖区为重点保障目标的海洋减灾综合示范区建设提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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The methodology of a monitoring study of the fauna and flora of the rocky intertidal zone in Bantry Bay and Dunmanus Bay in southwest Ireland is described and some representative results are presented. Five shores, four in Bantry and o one in Dunmanus Bay, were visited monthly from May, 1978 to June, 1980, and more limited monitoring is continuing. On each visit to each shore, four research programmes were undertaken—transect studies, recolonisation of cleared areas, barnacle studies and limpet studies. The transect methods are discussed in relation to other methods in current use. Combining community and key species approaches is shown to be most useful in monitoring programmes. The increased effectiveness of continuous shore monitoring when compared with one-off or before and after impact-type studies is stressed. 相似文献
7.
This paper summarizes the results of over 8 years of data describing the performance of a large beach nourishment project on Perdido Key, immediately adjacent to Pensacola Pass in Escambia County, FL, USA. As a result of a major excavation of the entrance channel to Pensacola Bay, over 7 million m3 of beach-quality sand were placed along the easternmost 7.5 km of Perdido Key, adjoining the entrance channel at Pensacola Pass. The project included the placement of 4.1 million m3 of sand directly upon the shoreline in 1989–1990, followed by the placement of an additional 3 million m3 as an underwater berm just offshore of the beach nourishment project in water depths of roughly 6 m. Monitoring of the performance of the beach nourishment project and the offshore berm has been conducted since 1989, beginning with a pre-construction survey of the project area. Monitoring surveys have been conducted on an annual or biennial basis since that time, with the most recent survey occurring in July/August, 1998. Over 8 years of monitoring data indicate that the beach nourishment project has retained approximately 56% of the original volume placed within the 7.5-km project length. In addition, according to the latest monitoring survey, the dry beach width of the project, initially constructed as 135 m on average, is still 53 m wider than pre-project conditions. Approximately 41% of the originally placed dry planform area remains as of July 1998. The most recent monitoring surveys in 1995, 1997, and 1998 encompass the effects of two major storm systems, Hurricanes Erin (August 1995) and Opal (October 1995). Monitoring of the offshore berm area indicates only a slight landward migration of the berm, accompanied by a minor decrease in volume, over the entire monitoring period. The performance of both the beach nourishment project and the offshore berm appear to be significantly related to the two storm events, particularly Hurricane Opal, and the proximity of the project to the tidal entrance at Pensacola Pass. Comparison of the documented performance of the beach nourishment project to simple existing analytical models of beach-fill evolution have yielded encouraging results in terms of preliminary design aids for future beach nourishment projects in the vicinity of deep tidal entrances. 相似文献
8.
海洋塑料作为一类具有潜在生态风险的污染物，已经引起了研究人员的重点关注。大到数米的塑料垃圾，小到微米级的微塑料，塑料污染物以各种形式在海洋环境中广泛存在。因能长期以固体形式赋存于海水和沉积物中，塑料污染物比溶解性污染物更难在海洋介质中均匀分散；但近年来，各项调查活动却在远离塑料来源的大洋、极地和深海中均发现了塑料污染物，这显然与塑料在海洋环境中的迁移息息相关。一方面，海洋中塑料污染物的分布和迁移受到塑料自身性质以及多种环境因素的影响。因此，针对海洋塑料污染物设计监测方案时，有必要通过对这些因素的研判，规范和优化采样方案，有效提高采样代表性。另一方面，了解海洋塑料污染物迁移和归趋的影响因素，也是预测塑料污染物蓄积和富集的海域或层次，推断其在海洋生境中的暴露情况，进而预测其潜在风险的必要前提。本文归纳了海洋塑料污染物迁移规律的相关研究，分析了影响海洋中塑料污染物水平和垂直分布的因素，总结并列举了在海洋水体和沉积物介质中塑料污染物监测活动的常用采样方法，分析了塑料污染物监测活动方案的制订依据和注意事项。 相似文献
9.
This paper is a short review of publications on the influence that solar activity and geomagnetic disturbances (cosmic weather)
have on physical-chemical systems. The effects of cosmic weather may some-times be detected by the presence of an uncontrolled
factor in these experiments. Direct reactions to cosmic weather are reliably identified in quantitative observations over
various test systems, mainly water solutions. The effects of cosmic weather are also found from the data obtained by monitoring
some simple physical systems, including semiconductors. All these effects are either cosmic physical rhythms or they are easily
registered sporadic heliogeophysical events (e.g., magnetic storms). There are convincing data that demonstrate the influence
that cosmic weather has on the accident rate in various engineering and physical systems. Researchers are at odds on the physical
nature of the main physical agent, but the contribution of electromagnetic fields to these processes is considered important. 相似文献
10.
Groundwater plays an important role in New Zealand water supplies and hence monitoring activities are conducted regularly. Most monitoring programmes aim to evaluate groundwater chemistry and almost completely overlook the microbial component in this ecosystem. In our present study, the bacterial community structure of groundwater in the Wairarapa Valley was examined using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and relationships between bacterial community structure and groundwater chemistry, aquifer confinement and groundwater usage were explored. In addition, the results from this study were compared with a previous T-RFLP survey of the same area in an attempt to detect changes in bacterial community structure over time. The data obtained suggested that bacterial community structure was related to groundwater chemistry, especially to redox conditions. Species composition showed minimal variation over time if groundwater chemistry remained unchanged. These findings reflect the potential of using bacterial communities as biological indicators to evaluate the health of groundwater ecosystems. We suggest that it is important to include this type of broad bacterial diversity assessment criteria into regular groundwater monitoring activities. 相似文献
11.
Amanda E. Valois Juliet R. Milne Mark W. Heath Rob J. Davies-Colley Emily Martin Rebecca Stott 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2020,54(2):200-217
ABSTRACT Water is an important component of many recreational opportunities and New Zealand invests significant resources in recreational water quality (RWQ) monitoring to assess risks to public health. However, monitoring primarily focuses on microbiological hazards and RWQ is considerably broader than this. The goal of this study was to take a comprehensive approach to evaluating RWQ while exploring the potential for greater public involvement in monitoring. A popular river swimming site was co-monitored weekly by volunteers and a council field officer. The attributes monitored–water temperature, visual clarity, benthic cyanobacteria and filamentous periphyton cover, E. coli and rubbish–were identified from a volunteer workshop. There was good concordance between volunteer and council data suggesting that volunteer measurements can be considered reliable. This highlights the potential for volunteers, with professional support, including training and quality assurance, to extend council RWQ surveillance to additional monitoring sites while improving public engagement on water management. 相似文献
12.
A lander is being designed to perform a year-long in situ Heat Transfer Experiment (ISHTE) on the deep seafloor. This paper describes the acoustic-communication, electrical-control, data-acquisition, and mechanical-control systems developed and tested for use on the ISHTE lander. The lander's functions include implanting a heat source in the deep ocean clay, monitoring the thermal field, supporting geotechnical and geochemical experiments, and recovering undisturbed sediment core samples. Once the lander is deployed, the acoustic-communication link is the only connection between it and a surface ship. The acoustic-communication link is used to track and send commands to the lander and to transmit experiment data and lander status to a surface ship. 相似文献
13.
Deep-seated gas in seabed sediments migrates upwards from effect of external factors, which easily accumulates to form gasbags at interface of shallow coarse-fine sediments. Real-time monitoring of this process is important to predict disaster. However, there is still a lack of effective monitoring methods, so we attempt to apply multi-points pore water pressure monitoring technology when simulating forming and dissipation of gasbags in sediments through laboratory experiment. This study focuses... 相似文献
14.
某高层建筑基坑支护设计、施工与监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基坑支护的设计、施工和监测是近年来在我国逐步发展起来的一项新技术。介绍了某高层建筑基坑土钉支护的设计、施工与监测，为高层建筑基坑支护的设计、施工以及监测提供参考。 相似文献
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The current methods used in world practice for the determination of the basic parameters of the vital functions of bacterioplankton
(the number, biomass, and production) are discussed. While comparing the different methods and their modifications, the peculiarities
of their application for particular natural or laboratory environments are emphasized. The specificity of applying different
microbiological methods for field research is examined. When choosing the methodological base for describing the characteristics
of a bacterial community, one should proceed from the specific problem facing the researcher. In the case of routine monitoring,
the following techniques are convenient and widely used: direct counts of DAPI fluorochrome-stained bacteria using a fluorescence
microscope; the calculation of the biomass of the microorganisms on the basis of the relationship between the cell’s mass
and its size; the estimation of the bacteria production via labeled leucine incorporation. 相似文献
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An increasing number of scientists and resource managers recognise that successful marine management approaches, including marine spatial planning (MSP), cannot occur without effective monitoring, evaluation and adaptation. These basic components are necessary to ensure that any marine planning or marine management measures are both effective and efficient. While a number of fundamental principles for marine monitoring, evaluation and adaptive management exist, there are varying levels of understanding about how these should be undertaken and what they may achieve. Challenges include the development of realistic and measurable objectives and indicators against which effectiveness can be practically measured. The matter becomes even more complicated as the focus of marine planning and management strategies changes from ‘single species’ to ‘habitats’ and ‘ecosystems’ that may enable a diversity of permitted uses consistent with a variety of overall objectives. Over the last 30 years, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) has successfully established a multiple-use spatial management approach that allows both high levels of environmental protection and a wide range of human activities. Drawing on this unique long-term experience in the GBRMP, this article discusses key aspects of effective monitoring and evaluation, and summarises lessons learned from over two decades of adaptive management. 相似文献
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数据传输网络系统是国家海域使用动态监视监测管理系统的重要组成部分,文中简要介绍了国家海域使用动态监视监测管理系统数据传输网络的设计思想,描述了网络拓扑结构、网络管理和网络安全的技术框架。 相似文献