共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
为定量分析内孤立波破碎的混合过程,本文在二维内波水槽中进行了两层流体第一模态内孤立波在斜坡上破碎的实验,运用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)测量内孤立波传播、破碎、反射过程的流场,计算涡度、湍动能和湍耗散率。结果表明不同振幅内波在不同角度斜坡上破碎时各个量的分布特征十分相似,各组实验各要素时间序列中均有两个峰值,分别发生于非线性增强和破碎时刻。得到破碎时湍耗散率与内孤立波振幅的关系为:较小振幅内波的湍耗散率与振幅呈2次关系,无因次振幅增大到0.9湍耗散率趋于不变;与斜坡角度的关系为:对于小振幅内波斜坡角度增大,破碎程度降低,耗散率减小;振幅较大时,存在一个角度使破碎程度最大。破碎引起的湍耗散率的量级在10–7到10–4m2/s3之间,比实测海洋中内孤立波传播界面和内潮遇地形破碎的湍耗散大1个量级。 相似文献
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继第部分之后研究了惯性内波和近惯性内波由f～的作用所致的剪切不稳定引起的破碎机制。物理上,该机制很象存在由风应力所致薄表面涡旋漂流层时表面波的破碎与饱和过程。惯性内波和近惯性内波的破碎产物与小尺度湍流一起形成了混合块,它与Gregg等人(1986)的持久混合观测结果一致。依据Thorpe(1973)实验的结果作者提出了一个估计湍流动能耗散率和消衰时间的方法。结果表明,在剪切不稳定中近惯性内波在湍动耗散中起了关键作用,而惯性内波引起非常弱的湍动耗散。使用内波能量谱的标准总能量密度估计出的近惯性内波的耗散率和消衰时间与PATCHEX测量结果非常一致。文中还讨论了几个与此破碎机制有关的问题。 相似文献
3.
内波是海洋中普遍存在的波动形式。内孤立波是典型的非线性内波,多发于陆架边缘海,如南海等海域,对陆架海域有重要影响。本文针对内孤立波在陆架地形上的传播问题,先基于弱非线性与全非线性数值模型,模拟了不同振幅、地形高度条件下内孤立波的演化的过程,探讨了动力系数对内孤立波演化过程的影响,对比了两模型的模拟结果在内孤立波演化过程、能量分配以及能量耗散的差异,后分析了南海的动力系数分布特征。结果表明,在内孤立波不发生破碎的情况下,弱非线性模型与全非线性模拟结果相近。当发生破碎过程时,弱非线性模型可准确模拟头波,但无法通过强非线性的破碎过程耗散能量,只能以裂变的方式辐射能量。在弱非线性模型中,随地形高度增加,频散系数减小到零,平方非线性系数由负转正,立方非线性系数绝对值增大一个量级,并主导陆架地形上内孤立波的演化过程。通过对比南海夏季与冬季非线性内波动力系数空间分布,发现内孤立波在传播过程由于夏季平方非线性效应、立方非线性效应与频散效应较强的影响,其在夏季更易发生陡化与裂变,波列发生频率高。 相似文献
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海洋是多尺度强迫-耗散系统,机械能主要在大尺度输入,在小尺度耗散。在大、中尺度运动的能量向小尺度湍流传递过程中,内波扮演着重要角色。内波的生成和破碎可打破海洋动力平衡,而在陆架区,内波（主要是内孤立波）的浅化演变与耗散则是驱动湍流混合的关键过程。通过长期的理论、观测与数值模拟研究,目前已认识到内波浅化过程中主要发生如下演变：波形调制、极性转变、裂变、破碎与耗散。相较于直接发生破碎,浅化演变过程中的裂变及其引发的剪切不稳定和对流不稳定是内孤立波在陆架区的主要耗散机制,显著调制陆架区的跃层混合。从能量串级的角度讲,内孤立波浅化裂变为动力不稳定的高频内波是潮能串级的重要通道。本文简要回顾南海北部陆架区内波的研究历史,并着重总结内波在陆架区演变与耗散机制的研究进展。 相似文献
5.
海洋内波破碎问题的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从理论、观测、数值实验和实验室实验四个方面对国内外近20年来关于海洋内波破碎问题的研究成果进行了分析总结.数值实验和实验室实验表明:中高频内波破碎时,初始的不稳定是二维的,当最终有横向对流卷团形成时,能量开始大量耗散,这时不稳定发展成为三维的；从初始的二维不稳定到对流卷团的产生这一过程,到底是一个剪切不稳定过程,还是一个对流不稳定过程,或者是对流不稳定和剪切不稳定共同存在的一个过程,取决于海水的层化、地形、背景剪切流和内波的自身性质.现场曾观测到内孤立波破碎时存在的剪切不稳定过程,数值研究模拟出了内孤立波破碎时存在的对流不稳定过程.现有的海洋内波破碎判据主要是关于中高频海洋内波的.理论分析侧重于确定线性或弱非线性内波的破碎机制和破碎条件. 相似文献
6.
波浪破碎过程产生的湍流动量和能量垂向输运对于加快海洋上混合层中垂向混合具有显著效果。采用二维实验室水槽中对波浪破碎过程进行模拟。对采集的波浪振幅时间序列采用希尔伯特变换定位破碎波位置,波浪的破碎率随有效波高的增加而增大,波浪谱分析得到的波浪基本周期与有效周期结果相似。实验中采用粒子图像测速技术(particle image velocimetry, PIV)计算波浪破碎过程中湍动能耗散率的空间分布。湍流强度与波浪的相位密切相关,波峰位置处湍流活动最为剧烈,而且波峰位置处湍流混合区内湍动能耗散率量值的垂向分布基本保持不变,即出现"湍流饱和"现象,湍流影响深度可以达到波高的70%—90%。计算湍流扩散系数的垂向分布发现,湍流扩散在混合区上部随深度的增大以指数函数的形式增加,在混合区下部趋于稳定。作为对比,在相同位置处对声学多普勒流速测量仪(acoustic Doppler velocimeter, ADV)测量的单点流速做频谱分析,发现与该位置处PIV湍动能耗散率结果量级处于同一水平,进一步验证了实验结果的准确性。 相似文献
7.
缓坡地形上内孤立波的破碎及能量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在大型重力式分层流水槽中对内孤立波沿缓坡地形的演化特征进行了实验研究,利用分层染色标识方法和多点组合探头阵列技术对其传播特性做了定性分析和定量测量。实验表明:下凹型内孤立波沿缓坡地形传播过程中的破碎先从波背部发生,继而演化出上凸型内孤立波;内孤立波破碎不仅与入射波波幅相关,而且受到地形坡度的强烈影响;入射波幅参数??0.4是内孤立波不稳定及破碎的实验判据,内孤立波能量损失出现跃升是其发生破碎的重要特征。研究进一步获得了内孤立波沿缓坡地形的三维演化结构、破碎发生条件和能量变化特性,对于复杂海洋环境中非线性内波传播特性认识及其动力学建模具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
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9.
南海是全球内波高发区之一,也是强混合海区。本文利用公开的温盐、流场、风场等数据,结合理论模型分别给出了近惯性内波、内潮、背风波对南海混合的能量贡献及空间分布。三者输入南海的能量之和约为19GW,其中近惯性内波贡献27%;内潮贡献66%;背风波贡献7%。假设这些能量全部在南海耗散为混合提供能量,计算得到南海的平均混合率约为2.8×10~(-3)m~2·s~(-1)。 相似文献
10.
为完善内孤立波与海底斜坡沉积物相互作用研究,本文着眼于内孤立波破碎后在斜坡上继续运动的阶段,开展物理模拟实验,分析斜坡响应的土压力和超孔隙水压力的变化状况,揭示内波作用过程。研究发现:斜坡沉积物颗粒在内孤立波破碎引起的涡旋和渗流的共同作用下,会发生再悬浮,斜坡坡度变化不改变沉积物产生动力响应的主导动力作用;内孤立波振幅大小影响涡旋与渗流两者的比例,即在小振幅条件下由涡旋作用主导,在大振幅条件下由渗流作用主导;破碎流体在沿斜坡冲出坡顶位置后形成新的涡流,沉积物在新生涡流作用下的动力响应受斜坡坡度的影响。本文结果对于研究内孤立波再悬浮运移海底沉积物、改造海底地形地貌具有参考价值。 相似文献
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一个典型南海北部第二模态内孤立波的观测分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
第二模态内孤立波在海洋中极少被观测到。本文基于潜标高时空分辨率观测数据,对南海北部陆架区的一个典型第二模态内孤立波进行了分析。结果表明,该第二模态内孤立波的流核出现在135 m深度处,其最大水平流速为0.66 m/s,传播方向为西偏北58°。沿传播方向的内孤立波流速分布在80～170 m的深度范围内,而与传播方向相反的逆流出现在海表和海底附近。垂向模态分析表明,该第二模态内孤立波水平流速的垂向结构与理论结果吻合良好。能量计算结果显示其动能密度的垂向积分可达14 kJ/m2,而波峰线方向单位长度上的动能估算值为5.98 MJ/m。尽管该第二模态内孤立波的动能比陆架区第一模态内孤立波小1个量级,但其高达0.045 s-1的流速垂向剪切约为典型第一模态内孤立波的2倍,表明其导致的混合可能更强。 相似文献
12.
Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the influence of variable front slopes on flow evolution and waveform inversion of a depression ISW (internal solitary wave) over an idealized shelf with variable front slopes. A finite volume based on Cartesian grid method is adopted to solve the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations using a k-ε model for the turbulent closure. Numerical results exhibit the variations of several pertinent properties of the flow field, in the case with or without waveform inversion on the horizontal plateau of an obstacle. The clockwise vortex is stronger than the counterclockwise one, almost throughout the wave-obstacle interaction. Analysis of the turbulent energy budget reveals that the turbulent production term in the governing equations dominates the wave evolution during a wave-obstacle interaction; otherwise the buoyancy production term and the dissipation term due to viscosity within turbulent eddies play a major role in energy dissipation. In addition, the front slope affects mainly the process and reflection of the wave evolution but has less influence than other physical parameters. Moreover, total wave energy of the leading crest is smaller than that of the leading trough even in the cases with waveform inversion on the plateau. 相似文献
13.
A laboratory study on the turbulence and wave energy dissipations of spilling breakers in a surf zone is presented. Instantaneous velocity fields of propagating breaking waves on a 1/20 slope were measured using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Due to the large region of the evolving wave breaking generated turbulent flow, seven PIV fields of view (FOVs) were mosaicked to form a continuous flow field in the surf zone. Mean and turbulence quantities were extracted by ensemble averaging 25 repeated instantaneous measurements at each FOV. New results for distribution and evolution of turbulent kinetic energy, mean flow energy, and total energy across the surf zone were obtained from analyzing the data. The turbulence dissipation rate was estimated based on several different approaches. It was found that the vertical distribution of the turbulence dissipation rate decays exponentially from the crest level to the bottom. The resulting energy budget and energy flux were also calculated. The calculated total energy dissipation rate was compared to that based on a bore approximation. It was found that the ratio of turbulence dissipation rate to total energy dissipation rate was about 0.01 in the outer surf zone and increased to about 0.1 after the breaking waves transformed into developed turbulent bores in the inner surf zone. 相似文献
14.
An experimental study of stratified mixing caused by internal solitary waves in a two-layered fluid system over variable seabed topography 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Stratified mixing is observed in a wave flume on an internal solitary wave (ISW) of depression or elevation type propagating over a submarine ridge. The submarine ridges, which comprise the seabed topography, are either semicircular or triangular. Tests are performed in a series of combinations of submarine ridges with different heights and ISW in different amplitudes within a two-layer fluid system. When the thickness of the top layer is less than that of the lower layer (i.e., H1<H2), a depression-type ISW may produce a strong hydraulic jump with downwards motion and continuous eddy diffusion. During diffusion, the leading profile of the ISW transforms a wrapped vortex on the front face of the ridge, and a vortex separation at the apex of the ridge. Meanwhile, an elevation-type ISW causes a vortex in the lee of a submarine ridge, which resembles a surface solitary wave in terms of wave transmission process. The degree of wave-obstacle interaction is determined by energy loss, which is induced by submarine ridge blockage. The experiment results suggest that degree of blocking can be applied to classify various degrees of ISW-obstacle encounter in the stratified two-layer fluid system. 相似文献
15.
内孤立波与海脊相互作用的模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A nonhydrostatic numerical model was developed and numerical experiments performed on the interaction of an internal solitary wave(ISW) with a sill, for a two-layer fluid with a diffusive interface. Based on the blocking parameter(Br), the flow was classified into three cases:(1) when bottom topography has little influence on the propagation and spatial structure of the ISW(Br0.5),(2) where the ISW is distorted significantly by the blocking effect of the topography(though no wave breaking occurs,(0.5Br0.7), and(3) where the ISW is broken as it encounters and passes over the bottom topography(0.7Br). The numerical results obtained here are consistent with those obtained in laboratory experiments. The breaking process of the incident ISW when Br≈0.7 was completely reproduced. Dissipation rate was linearly related to the blocking parameter when Br0.7, and the maximum dissipation rate could reach about 34% as Br raised to about 1.0. After that, instead of breaking, more reflection happened. Similarly, breaking induced mixing was also most effective during Br around 1.0, and can be up to 0.16. 相似文献
16.
根据在青岛附近海域开展的现场观测数据介绍了一种可能的新的第二模内孤立波的产生机制。温度链观测数据显示在2 h内孤立波特征由显著的第一模内孤立波变为了显著的第二模内孤立波。所观测到的第二模内孤立波的波面起伏和它的垂直结构同KdV(Korteweg-de Vries)方程的理论结果吻合良好,对应涨潮引起的内波非线性系数、频散系数以及Ursell数的变化和第二模内孤立波的产生相匹配。这些结果表明,所观测到的第二模内孤立波可能是由于涨潮导致的局地层结快速变化引起的。进一步分析表明,局地层结快速变化可能由潮汐推动黄海冷水团边缘锋面移动引起。 相似文献
17.
Chen-Yuan CHEN I-Fan TSENG Hsien-Chueh Peter YANG Cheng-Wu CHEN Tsung-Hao CHEN 《中国海洋工程》2006,20(4):585-594
1 .IntroductionWhile surface solitary waves arefoundin many physical phenomena (Chouand Shih,1996 ;Chouand Quyang,1999 ;Chouet al .,2003 ; Chenet al .,2004 ; Wang,2004 ;Tsenget al .,2005) ,internal solitary waves (ISWs) have been observed since the beginning of the 20th century.In fact ,some internal waves have alarge enoughamplitudeto cause consequence onthe surface .Hence obser-vation of the oceansurface may helpto detect the activities of internal waves . We require observationsthrough… 相似文献
18.
Direct numerical simulations are performed to study the transformation of internal solitary waves (ISWs) of depression type propagating over an underwater ridge in a two-layer fluid system. Bottom ridges with relatively smooth vertex are employed to represent sills in natural lakes and oceans. Consistent with previous experiments, three interaction types (weak, moderate and strong) are observed to be based on the energy loss. In addition, the moderate interaction are found to be categorized into transmitted and reflected type according to their distinct transformation process. General flow characteristics for ISW–ridge interaction in the benthic boundary layer and in the pycnocline is monitored and analysed. A modified degree of blocking Bm considering both the nonlinear effect of incident ISWs and the blockage effect of the submerged ridge is proposed. Different ISW–ridge interactions are discovered to be linked with Bm. Maximum wave-induced velocities, wave energy losses, reflected and transmitted wave amplitudes are found to have a self-similar feature with Bm. The maximum energy loss is up to 35% and the maximum wave-induced velocity can reach 1.8 times of the phase speed of the incident ISW. Empirical equations are obtained based on the data fitting to predict some useful physical parameters during ISW–ridge interaction. 相似文献
19.
We study the interactions between a non-breaking solitary wave and a submerged permeable breakwater experimentally and numerically. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is employed to measure instantaneous free surface displacements and velocity fields in the vicinity of a porous dike. The porous medium, consisting of uniform glass spheres, is mounted on the seafloor. Due to the limited size of each field of view (FOV) for high spatial resolution purposes, four FOVs are set in order to form a continuous flow field around the structure. Quantitative mean properties are obtained by ensemble averaging 30 repeated instantaneous measurements. The Reynolds decomposition method is then adopted to separate the velocity fluctuations for each trial to estimate the turbulent kinetic energy. In addition, a highly accurate two-dimensional model with the volume of fluid interface tracking technique is used to simulate an idealized volume-averaged porous medium. The model is based on the Volume-Averaged Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the non-linear k–ε turbulence closure solver. Comparisons are performed between measurements and numerical results for the time histories of the free surface elevation recorded by wave gauges and the spatial distributions of free surface displacement with the corresponding velocity and turbulent kinetic energy around the permeable object imaged by the PIV system. Fairly good agreements are obtained. It is found that the measured and modeled turbulent intensities on the weather side are much larger than those on the lee side of the object, and that the magnitude of the turbulent intensity increases with increasing wave height of a solitary wave at a constant water depth. The verified numerical model is then used to estimate the energy reflection, transmission and dissipation using the energy integral method by varying the aspect ratio and the grain size of the permeable obstacle. 相似文献