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"海马"牌配合饲料喂养大黄鱼的试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文笔者于2000年5月17日至7月5日在霞浦海区网箱养殖大黄鱼中，进行"海马"牌配合饲料(按不同比例搭配小杂鱼)喂养大黄鱼试验.结果表明在相同的管理和养殖条件下，10％幼鱼粉搭配90％小杂鱼、50％幼鱼粉搭配50％小杂鱼、膨化饲料搭配小杂鱼在提高大黄鱼的生长速度、存活率和降低养殖成本方面均优于单一使用小杂鱼. 相似文献
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2003～2006年,在锯缘青蟹主要发病季节对浙江省温州市、台州市和宁波市等地13家锯缘青蟹养殖场进行了养殖病害的调查.通过每月定期监测,13个监测点共监测到弧菌病、黄水病、白水病等10种病害及1种不明原因的疾病,病害种类呈逐年增加的趋势.纤毛虫病、黄水病是浙江省养殖锯缘青蟹最主要的疾病,几乎每个月都有不同程度地发生.发病时间从3月一直延续到10月,其中的5～9月是青蟹的主要发病期.遇到恶劣天气或水质突变时,青蟹发病率会迅速上升.从病蟹体内共分离获得12株细菌,并用VITEK32全自动细菌鉴定仪鉴定到种.所有培养基上的菌落生长数量都相对不多,并没有任何一种菌呈现单一的优势菌落.对病蟹鳃、肌肉等组织放大镜和显微镜下观查,除少数病蟹有纤毛虫外,未见有其它寄生虫.对病蟹样品提取DNA后进行PCR扩增和琼脂糖电泳检测,结果均为阴性.对病蟹各组织的电镜观察,未见有病毒和细菌及原核生物样生物体.对部分发病青蟹及其养殖池水、底泥进行了大肠菌群、细菌总数及弧菌总数测定,结果三者的数值都较低.选取溶藻弧菌和嗜水气单胞菌进行人工感染试验,均能够导致试验蟹发病死亡.但由于进行病原菌分离时,并没有任何一种菌呈现单一的优势菌落,且对青蟹及其养殖环境的检测结果表明细菌含量都不高,而人工感染试验采用的菌液浓度远高于自然环境中的菌浓度,因此,只能认为这2种细菌可以导致青蟹发病,而无法确定是否为原发性致病菌.从病原体的检测及致病情况综合分析,环境变化可能是促使病原体侵入蟹体引发疾病的主要原因,所以对青蟹病害的防治应该着重于控制环境因子.提出了若干防治对策,供养殖生产参考. 相似文献
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2016年6月,江苏某异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养殖场暴发一种传染性急性出血病,造成养殖银鲫大量死亡。为分析此次疾病病因及流行规律,本研究从发病养殖场采集患出血病的异育银鲫,从细菌、病毒及寄生虫三个方面对病原进行了分析。采用病原菌分离、组织病理学观察、超薄切片电镜观察、病毒核酸分析、回感实验等对病原进行鉴定。结果显示从发病鲫鱼体内分离到病毒一株,未发现寄生虫及细菌感染。经测序及序列分析,该病毒为鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus2,CyHV-2)病毒,组织病理学观察结果显示患病鱼的鳃和肾脏有明显病变,电镜下可观察到病鱼脾脏组织有带囊膜的球形病毒,囊膜直径约为170—200nm,病毒衣壳直径约为110—120nm,核心直径约为60nm,用组织匀浆感染鲫鱼囊胚细胞系(CGB)可稳定地观察到典型的细胞病变,用患病鱼组织匀浆液人工感染异育银鲫的死亡率高达100%,荧光定量PCR检测到该病毒可感染多器官,其中以脾脏中病毒含量最高,其次是脑,肝脏中最少。本研究可为CyHV-2的诊断防控及疫苗研制提供资料。 相似文献
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为全面了解我国黄渤海鳗草(Zostera marina L.)床重金属污染水平, 本研究以大连林阳北海、葫芦岛兴城、唐山乐亭-曹妃甸和青岛湾四处鳗草床为研究对象。于夏季采集鳗草、海水和沉积物样品并分析其重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd)含量。以此分析海草的重金属富集特征, 并对比评估不同鳗草床重金属潜在生态风险。结果表明, 夏季四处鳗草床海水重金属含量由高到低依次为: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd, 均低于国家一级水质标准; 对沉积物来说, 重金属含量由高到低依次为: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd, 均低于国家一级沉积物质量标准。鳗草对重金属的富集因重金属种类和海草积累部位而异, 其地上组织对Cu、Zn、Cd的富集能力高于地下组织。研究区域海水中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd潜在风险等级均处于低风险水平。而对沉积物而言, 葫芦岛兴城鳗草床Cd的潜在风险等级处于较高风险水平(Ei值为156.9)。唐山乐亭-曹妃甸和青岛湾鳗草床的地质累积指数(Igeo)由大到小依次为: Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu。综合所有元素的潜在生态风险指数(IR), 葫芦岛兴城鳗草床的潜在生态风险值最高。 相似文献
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European eel (Anguilla anguilla) recruitment is declining dramatically since the 1980s. Causes for this decline are explained by a combination of environmental changes basically affecting oceanic larval stages and a variety of anthropogenic impacts during the continental phase. Today, evidence is growing that poor silver eel quality has a major impact on reproductive success, implying that habitat quality plays a key role in stock decline. Since eels are frequently moving through a variety of different habitats during their life cycle, a better understanding of the implications of individual diadromous behaviour and habitat choice on spawner quality are crucial for management considerations for a stock recovery. The present study tested whether individual migratory behaviour and habitat choice of European eels affect spawner quality. Therefore, the migratory behaviour of 287 European eels from marine, brackish and freshwater stations in the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and from Northern German inland waters was examined by otolith strontium/calcium analysis. All individuals were classified either as freshwater residents, coastal residents, downstream shifters, upstream shifters or interhabitat shifters. As indicators for eel quality, muscle fat content, infection with the introduced swimbladder nematode Anguillicoloides crassus and body length at onset of spawning migration were assessed. Results indicate that individuals that exclusively inhabited freshwaters had significantly lower muscle fat contents and were more seriously infected with A. crassus than eels that never entered freshwaters. Since high fat contents are considered as prerequisites for a successful transoceanic spawning migration and high A. crassus loads have a negative impact on condition, this study outlines the importance of brackish waters as eel habitats in temperate latitudes. Furthermore, it questions the net benefit of stocking programs for the European eel population, since they include the translocation of eels from coastal waters into freshwaters. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
In 2007 CITES included the Critically Endangered European eel on its Appendix II, thereby regulation international trade. In 2010 the EU member states adopted a ‘zero-quota’ policy thereby banning all commercial international trade. Given the continued high demand for eel in East Asia shifts have occurred to source European eel from non-EU eel range countries. Using official export figures from two independent databases, I here quantify to what extend Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria are fulfilling this demand. The ban had little effect on the annual export volumes in live eel from Morocco (mean of 41.3 metric ton / year), Algeria (15.5 t) or Tunisia (56.2 t) or chilled/frozen eel from Algeria (11.7 t) and Tunisia (20.0 t) but this trade from Morocco increased significantly (from 27.4 to 237.2 t). Prior to the ban the trade in eel from North Africa was almost exclusively to European countries (live 93–98%) and very little to East Asia, whereas after the ban East Asia became the main importer (live 91–93%). The monetary value of the trade totalled US$126 million and did not increase over time, but the importance of the live eel trade increase from 76% prior to the ban to 93% after. It is unclear on what basis Morocco and Tunisia were able to decide what level of trade was not detrimental to the survival of European eel in the wild, and I argue for better monitoring to ensure that international trade is not an impediment to the conservation of European eel. 相似文献
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Spyridoula Zompola George Katselis Constantin Koutsikopoulos Yannis Cladas 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Glass eel migration of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (L., 1758) in the eastern Mediterranean is poorly known despite the increasing state of anxiety for the future of the stock. In the present study, glass eel migration was investigated from October 1999 to April 2000, using experimental fishery with fyke nets, in two coastal systems along the western Greece (Ionian Sea): at the Sagiada marsh in the delta area of Kalamas River and at the mouth of Alfios River. The main period of the glass eel entrance was from December to March and the migration pattern was similar to those observed along the Atlantic coast of southwestern Europe. The variance of daily glass eel catches between the two studied sites was significantly different. The univariate and bivariate time series spectral analysis showed that glass eel short-term freshwater migration: (1) consisted of waves with periods from 5 to 40 days and (2) was correlated with environmental factors such as water temperature, atmospheric pressure, rainfall and moonlight. The observed differences between the two sites reveal the importance of the inland ecosystem characteristics. 相似文献
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Verena M. Trenkel Pascal Lorance 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(1):63-71
Kaup's arrowtooth eel Synaphobranchus kaupii is a small-bodied fish and an abundant inhabitant of the European continental slope. To estimate its local density video information using the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Victor 6000 were collected at three locations in the Bay of Biscay slope. Two methods for estimating local densities were tested: strip transect counts and bait experiments. For bait experiments three behaviour types were observed in about equal proportions for individuals arriving near the seafloor: moving up the current towards the ROV, moving across the current and drifting with the current. Visible attraction towards the bait was the highest for individuals swimming against the current (80%) and about equally low for the other two types (around 30%); it did not depend on current speed nor temperature. Three main innovations were introduced for estimating population densities from bait experiments: (i) inclusion of an additional behaviour category—that of passively drifting individuals, (ii) inclusion of reaction behaviour for actively swimming individuals and (iii) a hierarchical Bayesian estimation framework. The results indicated that about half of individuals were foraging actively of which less than one third reacted on encountering the bait plume and the other half were drifting with the current. Taking account of drifting individuals and the reaction probability made density estimates from bait experiments and strip transects more similar. 相似文献
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The apparent use of marine and freshwater habitats by European eel Anguilla anguilla was examined by analyzing the strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in otoliths of the eels collected from Irish coastal and fresh waters. The age and growth of eels were also examined using their otolith annuli. The sizes and ages of the female eels were greater than those of the males. The somatic growth rates ranged from 15 to 62 mm/year, which is typical for Ireland and other European countries. Analyses of Sr:Ca ratios along a life history transect in each otolith showed peaks (maximum more than 25 × 10−3) between the core and elver mark corresponding to the period of their leptocephalus and early glass eel stages in the ocean. Outside the elver mark, the Sr:Ca ratios indicated that eels had remained in different habitats that included freshwater (average Sr:Ca ratios, 0.98–1.78 × 10−3) and areas with relatively high salinities (average Sr:Ca ratios, 6.73–8.89 × 10−3). Some individuals showed clear evidence of shifts from sea to fresh waters. These findings suggest that Irish eels have the same behavioral plasticity regarding whether or not to enter freshwater or remain in marine environments as has been recently documented in this species and several other temperate anguillid species. However, patterns of habitat use in Irish waters were somewhat different than those previously reported for other habitats. 相似文献
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Captive longfin eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) were exposed to the vertebrate pesticide sodium fluoroacetate (1080) in the water column and through the ingestion of cereal pellet baits or possum muscle and gut tissue that contained 1080 residue. No mortality or unusual behaviour (in comparison with the controls) occurred in eels that were exposed to 1080. However, significantly greater weight loss occurred in eels exposed to 1080 compared with those eels that were not. No residue was detected in tissues of eels exposed to 1080 cereal baits through ingestion and direct (dermal and respiratory) absorption, or through direct absorption only. Low concentrations of 1080 were detected in muscle tissue of eels that consumed contaminated possum muscle (x = 0.0174 μg/g) or gut (x = 0.0306 μg/g) tissue. The primary factors affecting the concentration of 1080 detected in eel tissue included the dose of 1080 (mg/kg) that each eel" receiveddate="and number of days since the eel last fed on contaminated tissue. Based on the 1080 concentrations measured in eels in this study, the risk of acute poisoning to humans from eating contaminated eel flesh is considered extremely low. Even so, national and international perceptions and food safety standards have the potential to limit eel exports and/or close an eel fishery if 1080 residue was discovered in tissue. 相似文献
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本文初步概述饲养欧洲鳗鲡（Anguillaanguilla）的食性特征，对蛋白质的表现消化率和日粮蛋白质的需求量、驯饵、饲料形态、给饲率以及实用的欧鳗配合饲料。建议采用膨化颗粒饲料，制订欧级饲料实验方法和条件的规范。 相似文献
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鳗鲡(Anguilla)作为我国优质水产养殖种类,精准掌握其数量对高效养殖有重要意义。为实现对循环水养殖鳗鲡的准确计数,提出了一种基于深度学习的改进Faster RCNN模型。针对检测目标即鳗鲡头部尺寸小的问题,选择在特征提取网络ResNet50中加入FPN结构来作为模型的骨干网络,以提取并融合多尺度的特征;针对原模型锚框都是基于人工经验设置的,并不适用于鳗鲡数据集的问题,使用k-means聚类算法对训练集中标注的鳗鲡头部检测框进行聚类分析,获得了适合鳗鲡数据集的15种不同尺度的锚框;针对图像中存在鳗鲡头部重叠的问题,选择使用Soft-NMS算法替代原NMS算法对RPN部分生成的候选框进行筛选,以减少模型对鳗鲡重叠部分的漏检情况。试验结果表明:改进后的Faster RCNN模型对鳗鲡头部的检测精度(mAP0.5)高达96.5%,较原Faster RCNN模型(Backbone为ResNet50)显著提升了14%,与SSD300和YOLOV3模型相比分别显著提升了24.9%和15%;在鳗鲡计数上,利用改进后的Faster RCNN模型检测结果进行计数,计数准确率达到90%以上,提升了模型对鳗鲡的检测识别能力。 相似文献