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1.
海水中低浓度亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐测定方法综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水中低浓度的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的测定方法主要有4种,即分光光度法(富集分光光度法和液芯波导分光光度法)、高效液相色谱法、荧光法和化学发光法。这些测定方法比传统的分光光度测定法有更高的灵敏度和更低的检测限,可以对海水中纳摩尔级低浓度的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐进行测定。化学发光法和液芯波导分光光度法的自动化程度高,测定时对样品的需求量少,后者还实现了多个参数的实时现场测定,因而成为目前海水中低浓度亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐测定的主流方法,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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前言测定海水中的硝酸盐-氮、亚硝酸盐-氮和铵-氮(通常称为《三氮》)如同测定其他化学要素一样,都需要准确可靠的分析结果.为此目的,除采用可靠的分析方法外,对样品还要作合理的予处理. 相似文献
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大鹏湾海水中各形态无机氮的分布变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据香港特别行政区环境保护署于1999—2007年106个航次的调查资料,并结合国家海洋局南海分局于1998—2007年10个航次的调查资料,简要描述和分析大鹏湾中海水各形态无机氮含量平均分布的变化。结果表明,由于受到香港和深圳的陆源排放的影响,氨氮含量在吐露港西部和沙头角海区明显偏高。大鹏湾香港海区全层海水中可溶性无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen,DIN)各组分的平均百分含量高低顺序为氨氮>硝酸盐>亚硝酸盐,而氨氮、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的多年平均含量分别为0.041、0.019和0.007mg.L-1。在夏季,外海高盐水入侵导致底层水中的硝酸盐含量明显高于表层水中的硝酸盐含量。调查期间氨氮含量航次均值的年际变化呈较明显下降趋势,而硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量航次均值的年际变化不大。 相似文献
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近年来,我国滩涂湿地退化十分严重,其中盘锦红海滩的翅碱蓬也呈现了大面积退化和死亡得现象。本文以盘锦红海滩不同时间、不同区域的土壤为例,对土壤理化性质和土壤酶进行研究,通过测定翅碱蓬生长的土壤中pH、盐度、氧化还原电位、总磷、总氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮和土壤酶理化性质,来探查翅碱蓬退化的原因。实验结果表明:不同区域4月份土壤样品的pH、盐度、氧化还原电位、总氮、总磷和亚硝酸盐氮含量较3月份土壤样品相比均有所降低,其中总磷和亚硝酸盐氮下降明显;氨氮、硝酸盐氮变化无明显规律。翅碱蓬生长繁茂区土样的土壤酶与退化区相比差别不大;当气温升高时,各地区酶活性均有所提高。 相似文献
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泉州湾近岸海域水质状况调查与评价 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
在2001年1～12月期间,对泉州湾近岸海域水质进行了3期的监测,对样品的水温及pH值、盐度、溶解氧、化学需氧量、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、活性磷酸盐、总汞、铜、铅、镉、石油类等14项理化指标进行了测定,并对该湾水质现状进行评价.其结果表明无机氮含量测值100%超四类海水水质标准值,活性磷酸盐含量基本符合二类海水水质标准值(超标率为33%),其他指标测值均符合二类海水水质标准值,营养指数E值为23(＞1),属富营养型. 相似文献
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渤海硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮季节循环分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
根据1985－1987年期间19个月份的断面调查资料分析，莱州湾、渤海湾是硝酸盐氮浓度较高的海域，辽东湾、渤海湾是亚硝酸盐氮浓度较高的海域。硝酸盐氮浓度冬季最高，夏季最低；亚硝酸盐氮浓度秋季最高，春季最低。硝酸盐氮浓度的季节在莱州湾、渤海湾海域最大；亚硝酸盐氮浓度的季节变化在辽东湾最大。在分析海域，秋季硝酸盐氮浓度表、底层差异最大；夏季平均亚硝酸盐氮浓度表、底层差异最大。海洋生物化学过程是引起渤海硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度季节变化的主要原因。渤海硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮基本维持着准平衡态季节循环，底层硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮准平衡态季节循环比较稳定，表层的季节循环容易受到其他因素的影响发生变异。 相似文献
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为了验证细菌反硝化法对水体中硝酸盐氮、氧同位素组成测定的适用性、重现性及准确性, 在不同时间(2019年7月28日、8月19日、8月26日)利用反硝化细菌分别将海水、湖水和自来水样品中的硝酸盐转化为氧化亚氮（N2O）, 并进行氮、氧同位素测定。结果表明, 不同时间段3个批次实验的硝酸盐氮同位素校准曲线斜率都接近理论值1, 相关性系数均高于0.999, 说明反硝化细菌在将样品中的硝酸盐全部还原为N2O的过程中氮同位素分馏效应很小; 同一样品3个批次测定的硝酸盐的氮同位素值基本相同, 表明细菌反硝化法对硝酸盐氮同位素的测定在长时间周期内具有很好的重现性和准确性。3个批次氧同位素校准曲线斜率稳定在0.61～0.63之间, 相关性系数均高于0.99, 单批次内海水、湖水和自来水3类样品中硝酸盐氧同位素比值的标准偏差范围在0.18‰～0.69‰之间, 表明经过氧同位素校准曲线的校正, 可以准确反映样品中硝酸盐氧同位素组成; 同一样品3个批次测定的氧同位素值差异较大, 其变化范围为1.33‰～16.38‰, 可能是由于样品储存过程中硝酸盐与水之间发生的氧同位素交换作用所致。 相似文献
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A high sensitivity manifold for the determination of trace quantities (nanomolar concentrations) of nitrate+nitrite and nitrite alone is described. The method uses a classical Technicon AutoAnalyzer II usually employed for shipboard analysis. A reproducibility of ± 1 nmol dm−3 for nitrate plus nitrite and nitrite alone was obtained, with an analytical rate of 40 samples h−1. 相似文献
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研究了赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)在不同浓度的Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2.6H2O(Fe1)和FeSO4.7H2O(Fe2)(浓度分别为:高铁150 nmol/L、低铁50 nmol/L,缺铁0 nmol/L Fe0)中的种群消长过程、单位细胞总多糖特征、光合色素chla、chlc变化以及NO3--N的吸收情况。结果表明,Fe2 浓度影响到赤潮异弯藻的消亡:缺铁组比高铁组种群消亡慢。在平台期和衰亡期时,Fe1各组单位细胞总多糖含量均明显高于Fe2各组。从平台期到衰亡期,各组单位细胞多糖含量明显增加,Fe2各组增量最大,Fe1各组多糖倍增与Fe0相似。亚铁离子浓度的进一步增加有利于单位细胞色素chla和chlc的积累。亚铁离子的不同化合物状态影响到多糖和光合色素的累积,但不影响种群生长率和对NO3--N的吸收。 相似文献
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A cartridge of solid phase extraction (SPE), hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB), has been used to enrich phosphomolybdenum blue (PMB) from water samples without any other additives. Based on this, the previous on-line SPE method established for the determination of nanomolar soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in seawater has been greatly improved. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the cationic surfactant needed for the formation of the PMB-CTAB paired compound that could be extracted on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge using the previous method [Liang, Y., Yuan, D.X., Li, Q.L., Lin, Q.M., 2007. Flow injection analysis of nanomolar level orthophosphate in seawater with solid phase enrichment and colorimetric detection. Marine Chemistry 103, 122–130.], was not necessary. Thus the longer time and higher temperature required for the complete formation of the PMB-CTAB compound were no longer needed. In addition, with application of the sequential injection analysis technique the proposed method showed the advantages of being much faster, simpler, sample and reagent saving, as well as more convenient in operation. The PMB compound formed under room temperature was efficiently extracted on an in-line HLB cartridge, rapidly eluted by 0.15 mol/L NaOH solution, and finally determined with a laboratory-made spectrophotometer at 740 nm. Experimental parameters, including the volume of reagents added, sample loading flow rate, and eluting flow rate, were optimized. Time and temperature for the PMB reaction, and salinity effect were also studied, and these were found to have no severe effect on the detection. With variation of sample loading time at a fixed flow rate, a broadened determination range of 3.4 to 1134 nmol/L phosphate could be obtained. The recovery and the method detection limit of the proposed method were found to be 94.4% and 1.4 nmol/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation (n = 7) was 2.50% for the sample at a concentration of 31 nmol/L phosphate. Two typical seawater samples were analyzed with both the proposed method and the magnesium hydroxide-induced coprecipitation method and, using the t-test, the results of the two methods showed no significant difference. 相似文献
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Mark A. Pospesel Ute Hentschel Horst Felbeck 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1998,45(12):2189-2200
The vestimentiferan tubeworm Riftia pachyptila derives most or all of its nutrition from intracellular chemosynthetic bacterial symbionts. Because purified preparations of symbionts respire nitrate, possibly nitrite, and oxygen, host transport of nitrate is a topic of interest. In the present study, we have developed a nitrate detection assay that utilizes a nitrite reductase-deficient Escherichia coli strain for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, which is then determined spectrophotometrically. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured in the blood and coelomic fluids of R. pachyptila collected from hydrothermal vent sites at 9°N and 13°N. The blood was shown to have nitrate concentrations up to one hundred times that of ambient sea water (40 μM). Blood nitrate levels reached concentrations of>1 mM, while nitrite was measured in the range of 400-700 μM. The concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in the coelomic fluids were 150-240 μM and <20 μM, respectively. The nitrate determination technique we present here is simple, applicable for laboratory and shipboard use on sea water or biological fluids, and works reliably within the 0.5 to 2000 μM range. 相似文献
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A fluorescence-based chemistry has been developed for the detection of nitrite and nitrate (as excess nitrite following reduction of nitrate to nitrite). Detection limits are 4.6 and 6.9 nM, respectively. The technique capitalizes on the triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms within the diazonium ion formed via the well-known reaction between an acidified nitrite sample and an aromatic primary amine. Fluorescence of π-electrons within this bond allows this reaction to be probed with standard fluorescence spectroscopy. Reverse Flow Injection Analysis (rFIA) is used to correct for background fluorescence from leachates and naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM). Comparisons of samples analyzed for nitrite with this technique and with a highly-sensitive chemiluminescent method [Braman, R.S., Hendrix, S.A., 1989. Nanogram nitrite and nitrate determination in environmental and biological materials by vanadium (III) reduction with chemiluminescence detection. Analytical Chemistry, 61 (24) 2716–2718] showed excellent agreement between the two methods (slope=0.9996 and r2=0.9956). These fluorescent nitrite and nitrate + nitrite chemistries were coupled in a sensor package with a modified version of a fluorescent ammonia chemistry [Jones, R.D., 1991. An improved fluorescence method for the determination of nanomolar concentrations of ammonia in natural waters, Limnology and Oceanography. 36(4) 814–819], which also has a nanomolar detection limit. The throughput rate of the fully automated three-channel instrumentation is 18 samples per hour. A field experiment demonstrated the capability of the nutrient sensor package to determine horizontal gradients in nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia in oligotrophic surface waters. 相似文献
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报道了KCl对方斑东风螺(Babylonia aerolato Link)浮游幼虫变态的诱导作用.结果表明,在水体200 mL,幼虫20只,KCl连续作用12 h的条件下,当KCl浓度不超过8×10-3 mol/L且幼虫日龄小于12 d时,诱导变态率为0～15%,诱导效果不稳定;当KCl浓度达到11×10-3 mol/L且幼虫日龄达到15 d时,浮游幼虫变态率超过95%.在水体850 L,幼虫2.0×105～2.5×105只,KCl连续作用9 h的条件下,KCl浓度为17×10-3mol/L,日龄15 d的幼虫变态率达90%.浮游幼虫日龄越大,KCl添加浓度越高,作用时间越长,KCl诱导变态作用越明显.KCl对方斑东风螺幼虫有毒性作用,日龄越小,浓度越大,作用时间越长,毒性越大.日龄12 d的浮游幼虫,KCl添加浓度11×10-3mol/L作用20 h诱导变态的稚螺,未发现其生长和存活受到KCl的不良影响.综合本实验的结果,KCl诱导变态较为安全有效的条件是:浮游幼虫日龄不小于15 d,添加浓度11×10-3～14×10-3 mol/L,作用时间不超过12 h. 相似文献
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Jianrong Lin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(3):103-108
A new spectrophotometric method based on a liquid waveguide capillary cell for an enhanced detection was developed to measure nanomolar iodate concentrations. This method has a detection limit and precision of 1–2 nmol/L, which is equivalent to 10% that of conventional methods, a recovery of 97.7%–104.0%, and a working range of 10–120 nmol/L. Water samples were collected from three estuaries and one coastal ocean for testing, and the proposed technique detected as low as 11 nmol/L and 18 nmol/L ... 相似文献
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《Marine Chemistry》2007,103(1-2):122-130
Phosphomolybdenum blue (PMB) paired with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can be extracted using a solid phase extraction technique on C18 sorbent. Based on this, a novel on-line solid phase extraction method coupled with flow injection (FI) analysis and colorimetric detection has been established to determine nanomolar level orthophosphate in seawater. A stopped flow technique was employed to assure the complete formation of the PMB–CTAB compound, which was sequentially extracted on an in-line Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. The adsorbed PMB–CTAB can be rapidly eluted by 0.56 mol/L H2SO4 in ethanol, and determined with a spectrophotometer at 700 nm. Experimental parameters, including reaction temperature, sample loading flow rate, stopped time and eluting flow rate, were optimized throughout the experiments based on univariate experimental design. The results show that reaction temperature and stopped time were the major factors affecting the formation of PMB–CTAB. Silicate concentration up to 5000 times higher than that of orthophosphate would not interfere with the determination of orthophosphate. Using artificial seawater with salinity of 35 as a matrix under the optimized conditions, the standard curve shows a linear range between 3.2 and 48.5 nmol/L, and the recovery and the detection limit of the proposed method are 96.4% and 1.57 nmol/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) (n = 8), which was determined daily for 8 days, was 4.52% for the artificial seawater at a concentration of 32.4 nmol/L orthophosphate. Two typical seawater samples were analyzed using both the proposed method and the MAGnesium hydroxide-Induced Coprecipitation (MAGIC) method. The results of the two methods show no significant difference using the t test. Compared to the MAGIC method, the proposed method has the advantage of being more sensitive, faster, sample saving and easy for on-line analysis. 相似文献
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Stphane L'Helguen Christian Madec Pierre Le Corre 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1996,42(6):803-818
Uptake rates of ammonium, nitrate, urea and nitrite were measured for 1 year (1988) at a coastal station in the well-mixed waters of the western English Channel. Ammonium was the major form of nitrogen (N) utilized (48%) by phytoplankton, followed by nitrate (32%), urea (13%) and nitrite (7%). Seasonal changes of uptake of ammonium, nitrate and urea showed a broad, intense summer maximum. Nitrite uptake was low throughout the year except for a peak value in June. Uptake rates of ammonium and nitrate were independent of substrate concentrations, whereas those of urea and nitrite were not. The summer maxima of ammonium, nitrate and total N uptake, and the significant relationships of N-uptake index to ambient light, and of chlorophyll-a-specific N uptake to surface-incident light, indicate that light is the major factor controlling N uptake in these waters. This is due to the permanent vertical mixing which reduces the mean light available for N uptake to <15% of the incident light. Mixing also injects regenerated N continuously into the euphotic zone, thus alleviating nitrogen limitation and accounting for the larger proportion of regenerated N uptake in total N uptake. 相似文献