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1.
采用卤虫致死和细胞毒活性筛选模型,对1种中国南海短指软珊瑚Sinularia sp.的乙醇提取物及各有机相进行了克生活性测定。结果表明,克生活性物质主要集中在石油醚相中。采用GC/MS技术,对石油醚相进行了分析,鉴定了15个化合物,主要为脂类和甾体类化合物;从石油醚相的甾醇部分鉴定了6个化合物,主要为麦角甾醇衍生物,占总甾醇含量的75.7%。推测甾醇类化合物是短指软珊瑚Sinularia sp.的主要克生活性物质。  相似文献   

2.
从南海小月柳珊瑚Menella sp.石油醚萃取部位中分离得到7个孕甾烷类化合物,通过波谱分析并与文献对照,其结构分别鉴定为3a-羟基-5β-孕甾-20-酮(1),3β-羟基-5a-孕甾-20-酮(2),3β-羟基-孕甾-5-烯-20-酮(3),5β-孕甾-3,20-二酮(4),5a-孕甾-3,20-二酮(5),孕甾-4-烯-3,20-二酮(6),孕甾-1,4-二烯-3,20-二酮(7);除化合物2外其他化合物都为首次从该属柳珊瑚中分离得到,其中化合物7是首次报道其核磁数据.  相似文献   

3.
对中国珊瑚药用状况和研究现状进行了调查.结果表明,中国有造礁石珊瑚、柳珊瑚、软珊瑚等珊瑚物种 490 种,民间药用的仅有22种.目前,已经对100种南海软珊瑚和柳珊瑚进行了化学成分的研究.其中,软珊瑚以豆荚软珊瑚Lobophytum,肉芝软珊瑚Sarcophyton,短指软珊瑚Sinularia,柔荑软珊瑚Nephthea和异花软珊瑚Xenia等属研究较多,柳珊瑚以小月柳珊瑚Menella,竹节柳珊瑚Isis和灯芯柳珊瑚Junceella等属研究较多.主要化合物结构类型包括二萜、甾体、倍半萜,含氮化合物等,其中部分化合物显示较强的抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化、防生物附着等多种生物活性,具有潜在的药物开发应用价值.  相似文献   

4.
Sinularia属短指软珊瑚化学成分及生理活性的研究概况   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
已进行化学成分研究的Sinularia属短指软珊瑚有42个种,主要化学成分有萜类、甾醇类、含氮化合物和一些长链脂肪酸、酯、醇类等。其中一些化学成分结构新颖,具有较好的生理活性。综述了国内外有关该属短指软珊瑚化学成分及生理活性的研究概况。  相似文献   

5.
对中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚(Subergorgia suberosa)乙醇提取物及其石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相进行了抗氧化和抑菌两种生物活性研究。结果表明:中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚乙醇提取物及其各萃取相对羟自由基的清除效果好,在50mg/L时清除效率均高于同浓度的合成抗氧化剂TBHQ和BHT;石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除效率优于正丁醇相和乙醇提取物。另外,对5种海洋细菌、4种陆地细菌进行了抑菌活性测定,发现乙醇提取物及其各萃取相对海洋细菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为100g/L左右,对受试陆地细菌未见抑菌作用。  相似文献   

6.
一种中国南海枝网刺柳珊瑚次级代谢产物研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用硅胶、凝胶Sephadex LH-20、反相硅胶ODS柱色谱和HPLC等手段对一种中国南海枝网刺柳珊瑚Echino-gorgia sassapo reticulata(Esper)的次级代谢产物进行了研究。从提取物的乙酸乙酯相中分离获得13个单体化合物,运用现代波谱技术并结合文献数据,鉴定其结构分别为:尿嘧啶核糖核苷(1),2’-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(2),2’-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(3),尿嘧啶(4),鲨肝醇(5),1-O-eicosanylglycerol(6),11,13-dihydro-7,11-dehydro-3-desoxy-zaluzalanin C(7),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(8),邻苯二甲酸1-(2-甲基-丁基)酯-2-丁酯(9),(22E)-5-αcholest-22-ene-3α,5α,6-βtriol(10),(22E,24S)-24-methyl-5-αcholesta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6,β9-tetraol(11),(24S)-methylene cholestane-3β,5α,6,β18-tetrol(12),胆甾醇(13)。除了化合物3和13外,其他化合物均为首次从该属柳珊瑚中分离得到。另外化合物9为首次作为天然产物单体化合物分离得到,化合物12为首次从柳珊瑚中获得。对化合物1 3进行了卤虫致死活性及斑马鱼胚胎毒性测试。  相似文献   

7.
福建东山海域柳珊瑚种类空间分布与多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
调查并分析了福建东山珊瑚省级自然保护区内柳珊瑚的种类多样性及其空间分布,结果表明:(1)共发现柳珊瑚15种,分别属于6科11属,其中新记录属和新记录种各2个,分别为Gua-iagorgia anas和星柳珊瑚(Astrogorgia dumbea).结合2005年7月和本次对东山柳珊瑚的采样调查,共发现柳珊瑚19种,全部为不含共生藻的种类.(2)东山柳珊瑚优势种为小月柳珊瑚(Menella sp.)、刺柳珊瑚(Echinogorgia sp.)和小尖柳珊瑚(Muricella sp.).(3)东山柳珊瑚主要分布在实验区,如塔屿东面、铁钉屿南面和龙屿南面,而在缓冲区和核心区也有柳珊瑚分布较为丰富的站位.在靠近主要污染源的站位,未见到或者很少见到柳珊瑚的分布.东山珊瑚保护区内柳珊瑚的空间分布与食物的丰富程度、海流以及陆源输入等都有较大的关系.  相似文献   

8.
运用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和HPLC等技术,采用活性追踪分离的方法,对南海短指软珊瑚Sinularia sp.的化学成分进行了研究.从乙醇提取物中分离获得单体化合物,运用NMR,MS等波谱技术鉴定了8个化合物的结构,分别为:3β-羟基-24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-7-酮(1),孕甾烯醇酮(2),cembrene A(3),epoxycembrane A(4),4,8,12-trimethyl-1-(1-methylethenyl)-3,7-cyclotetradecadien-10-one(5),(3E,7E,11E)-11,12-dihydroxy-1-isopropyl-4,8,12-trimethyicyclotetradeca-1,3,7-triene(6),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(7)和十九烷-2-酮(8).化合物5和8为首次从珊瑚动物中分离得到,6为首次从短指软珊瑚属中分离得到.化合物3和4显示较强的卤虫致死活性.西松烷二萜类化合物是该短指软珊瑚中的重要活性成分.  相似文献   

9.
柳珊瑚分子系统发育学的研究进展   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
珊瑚分子系统发育学研究始于90年代初,用于柳珊瑚分子系统学研究的主要分子标记是线粒体DNA和核糖体RNA。本文在重点介绍了柳珊瑚种群遗传多样性和柳珊瑚种上阶元系统发育学两方面的研究进展和所取得研究成果的同时,也讨论了珊瑚虫纲的系统发生关系。最后在简单引述了柳珊瑚分子系统发育学同传统形态分类学方法之间关系的同时,也对柳珊瑚分子系统发育学今后的重点研究方向做了预测。  相似文献   

10.
湛江徐闻西海岸柳珊瑚的物种多样性和分布研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
2004年8月对湛江徐闻西海岸柳珊瑚资源进行调查,共采得柳珊瑚16种,分别属于7科14属;基本查清该海区柳珊瑚的分布状况。根据柳珊瑚群体颜色及骨针的形态学特征,系统阐述徐闻西海岸柳珊瑚的系统分类关系,第一次系统研究了徐闻柳珊瑚的资源状况。结合国际上最新的柳珊瑚分类系统,对国内原有的形态分类系统作出了更新和改进,这将有助于国际上认同和了解中国柳珊瑚资源情况。研究发现了1个新记录科、4个新记录属和1个新记录种。等柳珊瑚科Parisididae为新记录科,Parisis、Paraplexaura、Villogorgia、Dichotella为新记录属,鞭柳珊瑚Ellisella maculataStuder,1878,为新记录种。  相似文献   

11.
通过投喂不同藻类饵料,利用GC-MS法,研究饵料对毛蚶浮游幼虫体内脂肪酸组成变化的影响.结果表明,不同饵料对幼虫生长和附着变态速度的影响存在差异,混合饵料组效果最佳;饵料种类和脂肪酸含量对幼虫体内脂肪酸组成和其生长存在显著影响,且体内不饱和脂肪酸含量随着幼虫发育呈下降趋势.在众多脂肪酸中,DHA和EPA对幼虫存活有直接关系,而AA及饱和脂肪酸含量对幼虫生长存在显著影响,ω-3与ω-6脂肪酸含量比值也能反映幼虫生长和变态速度.  相似文献   

12.
2种海藻中半挥发性物质的成分分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
选择孔石莼(Uiva pertusa)和蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina)两种海藻在挥发油测定器中用乙酸乙酯通过循环蒸馏萃取,浓缩后用电子轰击(electron impact,EI)源在全扫描检测模式下进行检测。各分离组分采用美国国家标准局NIST147及WILEY7谱库检索定性,采用色谱峰面积归一法进行相对定量。从两种海藻中共鉴定出61种半挥发性化合物,以醛类物质种类最多,半挥发性组分主要是醛类、脂肪酸类和醇类物质。两种海藻中含量最高的均是棕榈酸和十五醛。烘干对鉴定出的半挥发性物质种类没有影响,但对同一类物质,保留时间短的组分烘干后质量分数有增加的趋势,而保留时间长的组分质量分数有减少的趋势。该方法是一种灵敏、准确的分析方法,可以为海洋微藻中半挥发性成分的研究提供科学依据。  相似文献   

13.
研究了用气相色谱/质谱法测定皱纹盘鲍中脂肪酸及脂肪醛二甲基缩醛的方法。皱纹盘鲍经Folch法提取总脂,用10%硫酸-甲醇溶液进行反应,通过气相色谱/质谱法对其脂肪酸及脂肪醛二甲基缩醛的组成进行分析。实验结果表明:10%硫酸-甲醇溶液能有效地对脂肪酸进行甲酯化衍生;同时促使烯醚键断裂,并与甲醇发生缩醛反应生成脂肪醛二甲基缩醛。通过气相色谱/质谱分析,从皱纹盘鲍中共鉴定出32个化合物,包括26种脂肪酸和6种脂肪醛二甲基缩醛;脂肪酸以C16:0、C20:4(n-6)、C20:5(n-3)、C18:1(n-7)和C22:5(n-3)为主;脂肪醛二甲基缩醛以C18:0DMA和C20:1DMA为主。皱纹盘鲍肌肉和内脏中的脂肪酸及脂肪醛二甲基缩醛的组成基本一致,但内脏中的4,8,12-三甲基十三烷酸含量远高于肌肉,具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

14.
Crude petroleum was emulsified or degraded by marine microorganisms and physically altered by an artificial weathering process. Only the water-soluble fraction from emulsified crude petroleum inhibited glutamate uptake by marine microorganisms from South Carolina and Georgia coastal waters. Chloroform extraction recovered almost equal amounts of total hydrocarbon from each water-soluble fraction. Chromatographic data indicated that the composition of microbially emulsified petroleum was similar to that of microbially degraded petroleum. Emulsification of crude petroleum was only observed in summer water samples and did not consistently occur at a given location. Results of this study indicate that the process by which crude petroleum is altered will influence its toxicity to microbial heterotrophic activity.  相似文献   

15.
Allelopathic effects of several concentrations of fresh tissue,dry powder and dry tissue of three bloom-forming green macroalgae Ulva pertusa,Ulva linza and Enteromopha intestinalis on the red tide microalga Heterosigma akashiwo were evaluated in microcosms systems.The effects of macroalgae culture medium filtrate were investigated on H.akashiwo using initial or semi-continuous filtrate addition.Preliminary studies on the algicidal effects of one aqueous and four organic solvent extracts from the macroalgae on the microalga were carried out to confirm the existence of allelochemicals in the tissue of these macroalgae.The dry powder of U.pertusa was extracted with methanol,and the methanol extracts were partitioned to petroleum ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,butanol phase and distilled phase by liquid-liquid fractionation.The bioassays of the activity of every fraction were carried out on H.akashiwo.The resultant microcosms assay showed that the growth of H.akashiwo was strongly inhibited by using fresh tissues,dry powder or dry tissue of these three macroalgae,while aqueous and methanol extracts of both macroalgae had strong inhibitory effects on the growth of H.akashiwo,and the EC 50 values for methanol extract of U.pertusa,U.linza or E.intestinalis were 0.016,0.028×10-12 or 0.033×10-12,respectively.While the other three organic solvent extracts(acetone,ether and chloroform) had no apparent effect on its growth,this suggests that the allelochemicals from these three macroalgae had relatively high polarities.The activity of petroleum ether phase,ethyl acetate phase,butanol phase and distilled phase of U.pertusa methanol extract was carried out on H.akashiwo indicating that petroleum ether phase and ethyl acetate phase had stronger algicidal effect on H.akashiwo.The inhibition effect of the ethyl acetate phase was not as strong as that of petroleum ether phase,and effective concentration of petroleum ether phase was 17 mg/L for H.akashiwo.However,no significant algicidal effects were observed on the butanol phase and distilled water phase.These three macroalgae's culture medium filtrate exhibited no apparent growth inhibitory effect on the microalga under initial filtrate addition whereas the growth of H.akashiwo was significantly inhibited under semi-continuous filtrate addition,which suggests that continuous release of small quantities of rapidly degradable allelochemicals from the fresh tissue of both macroalgae was effective in inhibiting the growth of H.akashiwo.  相似文献   

16.
为研究剧毒卡尔藻(Karlodinium veneficum)与东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)之间的化感作用,在f/2营养盐条件下,分别采用了混合培养及滤液培养的方法。结果表明:剧毒卡尔藻指数生长后期的无藻细胞滤液明显抑制了东海原甲藻的生长,而东海原甲藻滤液对剧毒卡尔藻的生长几乎无影响,化感作用作为重要的影响因素使剧毒卡尔藻获得竞争优势。将剧毒卡尔藻指数生长末期的无藻细胞滤液置于固相萃取(SPE) C18小柱,经吸附、不同比例的甲醇溶液洗脱,考察不同洗脱部分对东海原甲藻生长的影响,发现80%的甲醇洗脱部分明显抑制了东海原甲藻的生长。本研究为了解剧毒卡尔藻的竞争机制提供了重要的科学依据,今后将重点分析剧毒卡尔藻释放的有效抑制东海原甲藻生长的化感物质。  相似文献   

17.
The sterol composition of a cockle population from an unpolluted environment in South Wales was monitored by monthly sampling over a 12-month period. In spite of the likely variation in dietary sterols during this period, the component sterols of the cockles showed no significant seasonal variation, indicating that the cockle was able to exhibit a high degree of control over the composition of its functional sterols.Dramatic differences were observed in the sterol compositions of a nearby cockle population from a highly polluted environment, near a sewage outfall; only three out of the ten sterols present were common to the unpolluted cockles. Forty-five per cent of the sterols from the ‘polluted’ samples contained fully reduced systems and included three new alkylated C-29, C-30 and C-31 stanols. It is considered possible that these structural changes may affect the stereochemistry of the functional sterols and hence alter the permeability of the animal's membranes. This may reflect a biochemical response to the polluted environment.  相似文献   

18.
The present study deals with the content and composition of sterols of the marine-suspended matter in the surface sea water of Kagoshima-Bay. The suspended matters were separated into 3 fractions by filtration with the glass and millipore filters. The sterols in each fraction were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography on 1.5 % SE-30. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The sterol contents ranged from 2.3 to 20.5g/liter of sea water. 2) Cholesterol was usually present as a predominant sterol in both suspended and dissolved matters. 3) A relatively large amount of other sterols such as 22-dehydro-cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol,-sitosterol, and fucosterol were occasionally detected.  相似文献   

19.
In studies with larval stages of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) exposed to a sublethal concentration of South Louisiana crude oil, the normal patterns of lipid storage, utilization and synthesis during larval development and metamorphosis were altered with oil exposure. Increased rates of protein catabolism, delayed molting and reduced growth were also evident among oil-exposed lobster larvae and suggest either deficiency or immobilization of lipid reserves. From analyses of lipid class composition of control and oil-exposed lobster larvae, it is evident that oil-exposed larvae have consistently lower levels of triacylglycerols (the major energy store) and higher levels of sterols than control larvae. Decreased ratios of non-essential fatty acids (both saturated and unsaturated) and increased ratios of essential fatty acids were detected in the neutral lipid pools of oil-exposed larvae that suggest both decreased storage of fatty acids in energy reserves and decreased mobilization of essential fatty acids into phospholipid pools. The fatty acid distribution in the phospholipid pools of oil-exposed larvae, however, varied little from control values and reflects a tendency to preserve the integrity of these structural lipids. Increases in sterol levels may be related to decreased mobilization of cholesterol or other sterols and/or transformation of cholesterol into metabolic pathways including the biosynthesis of ecdysterone.Oil-exposed animals contained trace quantities of benzene, thiophene, toluene, alkylcyclohexane and alkylbenzenes, detected with GC-MS analyses. No naphthalene, dimethylnaphthalene, higher molecular weight aromatics or their phenolic derivatives were detected; their absence may be related to either the detection limits of the methodology used or extremely rapid metabolism and turnover of these components. Alterations in lipid metabolism may account for the developmental and energetic abnormalities observed in marine crustaceans. It cannot be ruled out, however, that decreased lipid utilization, synthesis and mobilization may be a defense mechanism against incorporating lipophilic components of petroleum hydrocarbons in metabolic pathways, and that disruption in energetics and development is a consequence of the reduction in energy available for growth and molting.  相似文献   

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