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对阜新凹陷白垩系源岩生烃基本条件进行了详细分析,并结合原油、天然气特征及油源对比研究,认为研究区存在浅湖相泥岩和沼泽相煤系源岩(由煤和泥岩构成)2种不同沉积环境下形成的烃源岩.2种源岩虽然层位不同,但在其有机质丰度和类型上并不存在较大的差异,生烃特征也基本相似,都具备成气为主、成油为辅的煤成烃特征,有机质成熟度及烃源岩的分布控制了源岩在整个演化过程中的生烃类型和数量.研究表明:在有机质受热演化的各个阶段,都会伴随着不同类型有机成因气的产出,未成熟阶段为煤型生物气,成熟—高成熟阶段主要为煤型热解气,还伴生少量的石油. 相似文献
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X构造的原油按照物性的差异主要分为两类:第一类为凝析油,具有密度低、含蜡量低的特点;第二类为蜡质油,具有密度中等、含蜡量高的特点。为了明确原油物性差异的原因,对原油的地球化学特征进行了深入分析,发现这两类原油的饱和烃色谱存在明显的差异,但甾烷特征、萜烷特征以及碳同位素特征又比较相似,表现出同源的特点,推测次生作用是原油物性差异的主要原因。对这两类原油的轻烃色谱以及指纹参数进行了精细对比,发现:①凝析油和蜡质油的全烃色谱存在镜像关系;②凝析油的庚烷/甲基环己烷(石蜡度)偏高,甲苯/正庚烷(芳香度)偏低,蜡质油则相反;③凝析油和蜡质油的正构烷烃nC_(m+1)/nC_m存在协变关系,且凝析油的数值更大。认为X构造原油遭受了气侵,凝析油是蒸发分馏的产物,而蜡质油则是蒸发分馏的残留油。 相似文献
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在烃源岩分布特征、有机质丰度、类型和成熟度分析的基础上,运用含油气盆地数值模拟技术,定量恢复了烃源岩热成熟演化史,探讨了油气差异分布特征。研究表明,文昌A凹陷各层系烃源岩分布广,厚度大,有机质丰度高;有机质类型文昌组偏Ⅱ1型,恩平组偏Ⅲ型,二者现今多处于高成熟—过成熟阶段。凹陷内烃源岩成熟时间早(文昌组约45.5Ma),现今成熟度高,以干气生成为主;凹陷边缘烃源岩成熟时间较晚(文昌组约30.0Ma),现今成熟度相对较低,以石油生成为主。凹陷现今油气差异分布的格局受制于有机质类型差异和热演化史不同,且下一步油气勘探方向,凹陷内以天然气为主,凹陷边缘以石油为主。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(5)
南祁连盆地木里冻土区天然气水合物的气体成因或来源存在不同观点,目前还没有统一认识,这直接影响到水合物的资源评价及下一步勘探方向。文章依托前人研究成果及新近钻探木参1井、木参2井及SK-0井资料,对比分析中侏罗统与上三叠统尕勒得寺组两套烃源岩,结合天然气水合物气体组成与碳氢同位素特征进行综合研究,结果表明:南祁连盆地木里冻土区天然气水合物的气体以轻烃为主,具湿气特征,其同位素表现为正碳同位素系列,为有机成因,成气母质主要为腐泥型干酪根的油型气,是热演化程度较低的原油伴生气;少量与微生物成因气有关,与煤层气关系不大。中侏罗统有机质丰度高、类型较好,镜质体反射率Ro在0.48%~1.14%之间,处于生油高峰期,生油过程中原油伴生气为天然气水合物的主要气体来源;上三叠统尕勒得寺组有机质丰度较高、类型较好,但成熟度高,处于生凝析气或裂解气阶段,总体生排烃能力差,从气源对比分析来看对天然气水合物气体来源贡献不大。 相似文献
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珠一坳陷是珠江口盆地的主要产油区,本次研究选取该区79口井共计261个原油样品的密度分析数据,剖析了其分布特征,探讨了其成因。研究结果显示:研究区原油密度以轻质油(140样品)和中质油(57样品)为主,含有少量凝析油(13样品)和重质油(51样品)。其中,轻—中质油在区内各个油田分布广泛;凝析油仅在惠州凹陷惠州26油田珠江组上段油层中分布;重质油主要分布在恩平凹陷、西江凹陷、惠州凹陷流花油田珠江组上段及其上覆地层,油藏埋深以2 000m为主,且现今油藏温度低于85℃。珠一坳陷所发现的凝析油主要为凹陷内浅湖—沼泽相烃源岩成熟阶段产物,其密度偏轻主要受油源所控制;轻—中质油密度主要受油源和成熟度控制,与浅湖—半深湖相原油、混源油及浅湖—沼泽相原油相比,半深—深湖相原油具有相对较高的密度,随着原油成熟度增加,其密度降低趋势明显;重质油密度主要受生物降解和水洗作用控制,生物降解和水洗作用导致原油轻组分丧失,原油密度变大。本研究成果可为珠一坳陷不同区域、不同层析原油类型、油品特征、资源量计算及产能预测提供可靠的基础数据。 相似文献
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埕北低断阶区沙二段是大港油田近年来重点勘探层系之一,研究目标层段原油特点及油源对比分析对油气勘探具有重要的意义.研究表明,原油物理性质总体表现出高成熟原油特征,具有四低一高的特点,即低密度,低黏度,低胶质＋沥青含量、低含硫量及高含蜡量.原油地球化学性质和原油生物标志特征整体反映出生油母质形成于湖相沉积弱还原环境,具有丰富的藻类贡献,也表现出高成熟油特征.通过原油的物理四性分析和层系间油岩生物标志特征对比研究,分析认为其油气来源为两个方面：主要方面来自歧口凹陷和歧南次凹两大生油凹陷的双向供油,另一方面油气来自沙二段烃源岩的自生自储和沙三段的高成熟烃源岩. 相似文献
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盐城凹陷天然气成藏条件分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
盐城天然气属于高成熟源岩的裂解产物，主要来自古生界海相高成熟腐泥型源岩，朱家墩气藏主要的产气层系为阜宁组，泰州组碎屑岩储层，其中阜一段砂岩以Ⅱ类储层为主，Ⅰ类储层为次；泰州组以Ⅲ类储层为主，Ⅱ类储层为次，阜二段，阜一段中上部泥岩，泥灰岩，泰二段的泥岩和浦口组中上部含膏泥岩，在全区分布稳定，是良好的区域性盖层。盐城朱家墩地区主要分3个成藏层段，一是以阜宁组一段底部砂岩为主的构造气藏；二是以泰州组的较致密砂岩和玄武岩为主的岩性气藏；三是以中，古生界为主的气藏，盐城凹陷朱家墩天然气藏在具有良好盖层的储层段聚集成藏。朱家墩气藏成藏时期较晚，但与古生界二次生烃高峰时期一致，气源相对充足，而且储盖组合较好，但分布受控于深大断裂的发育以及储层的储集物性。 相似文献
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１９９６年英国大陆架勘探回顾１９９６年英国大陆架勘探和１９９５年相比是非常成功的一年，扭转了自１９９３年以来持续下降的局面。但是后备储量仍然严重不足，显示出英国大陆架的成熟状况。勘探１９９６年完钻８３口勘探井，其中１７口井发现原油，天然气或凝析油。英... 相似文献
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The deeply buried reservoirs (DBRs) from the Lijin, Shengtuo and Minfeng areas in the northern Dongying Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin, China exhibit various petroleum types (black oil-gas condensates) and pressure systems (normal pressure-overpressure) with high reservoir temperatures (154–185 °C). The pressure-volume-temperature-composition (PVTX) evolution of petroleum and the processes of petroleum accumulation were reconstructed using integrated data from fluid inclusions, stable carbon isotope data of natural gas and one-dimensional basin modeling to trace the petroleum accumulation histories.The results suggest that (1) the gas condensates in the Lijin area originated from the thermal cracking of highly mature kerogen in deeper formations. Two episodes of gas condensate charging, which were evidenced by the trapping of non-fluorescent gas condensate inclusions, occurred between 29-25.5 Ma and 8.6–5.0 Ma with strong overpressure (pressure coefficient, Pc = 1.68–1.70), resulting in the greatest contribution to the present-day gas condensate accumulation; (2) the early yellow fluorescent oil charge was responsible for the present-day black oil accumulation in well T764, while the late blue-white oil charge together with the latest kerogen cracked gas injection resulted in the present-day volatile oil accumulation in well T765; and (3) the various fluorescent colors (yellow, blue-white and blue) and the degree of bubble filling (Fv) (2.3–72.5%) of the oil inclusions in the Minfeng area show a wide range of thermal maturity (API gravity ranges from 30 to 50°), representing the charging of black oil to gas condensates. The presence of abundant blue-white fluorescent oil inclusions with high Grain-obtaining Oil Inclusion (GOI) values (35.8%, usually >5% in oil reservoirs) indicate that a paleo-oil accumulation with an approximate API gravity of 39–40° could have occurred before 25 Ma, and gas from oil cracking in deeper formations was injected into the paleo-oil reservoir from 2.8 Ma to 0 Ma, resulting in the present-day gas condensate oil accumulation. This oil and gas accumulation model results in three oil and gas distribution zones: 1) normal oil reservoirs at relatively shallow depth; 2) gas condensate reservoirs that originated from the mixture of oil cracking gas with a paleo-oil reservoir at intermediate depth; and 3) oil-cracked gas reservoirs at deeper depth.The retardation of organic matter maturation and oil cracking by high overpressure could have played an important role in the distribution of different origins of gas condensate accumulations in the Lijin and Minfeng areas. The application of oil and gas accumulation models in this study is not limited to the Dongying Depression and can be applied to other overpressured rift basins. 相似文献
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Thirty-six Silurian core and cuttings samples and 10 crude oil samples from Ordovician reservoirs in the NC115 Concession, Murzuq Basin, southwest Libya were studied by organic geochemical methods to determine source rock organic facies, conditions of deposition, thermal maturity and genetic relationships. The Lower Silurian Hot Shale at the base of the Tanezzuft Formation is a high-quality oil/gas-prone source rock that is currently within the early oil maturity window. The overall average TOC content of the Hot Shale is 7.2 wt% with a maximum recorded value of 20.9 wt%. By contrast, the overlying deposits of the Tanezzuft Formation have an average TOC of 0.6 wt% and a maximum value of 1.1 wt%. The organic matter in the Hot Shale consists predominantly of mixed algal and terrigenous Type-II/III kerogen, whereas the rest of the formation is dominated by terrigenous Type-III organic matter with some Type II/III kerogen. Oils from the A-, B- and H-oil fields in the NC115 Concession were almost certainly derived from marine shale source rocks that contained mixed algal and terrigenous organic input reflecting deposition under suboxic to anoxic conditions. The oils are light and sweet, and despite being similar, were almost certainly derived from different facies and maturation levels within mature source rocks. The B-oils were generated from slightly less mature source rocks than the others. Based on hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), selected source-related biomarkers and stable carbon isotope ratios, the NC115 oils can be divided into two genetic families: Family-I oils from Ordovician Mamuniyat reservoirs were probably derived from older Palaeozoic source rocks, whereas Family-II oils from Ordovician Mamuniyat–Hawaz reservoirs were probably charged from a younger Palaeozoic source of relatively high maturity. A third family appears to be a mixture of the two, but is most similar to Family-II oils. These oil families were derived from one proven mature source rock, the Early Silurian, Rhuddanian Hot Shale. There is a good correlation between the Family-II and -III oils and the Hot Shale based on carbon isotope compositions. Saturated and aromatic maturity parameters indicate that these oils were generated from a source rock of considerably higher maturity than the examined rock samples. The results imply that the oils originated from more mature source rocks outside the NC115 Concession and migrated to their current positions after generation. 相似文献
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本文旨在厘清东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气成因,建立成藏模式,以指导下步勘探部署。本文从天然气组分、烷烃气碳同位素、轻烃、凝析油生物标志化合物等分析入手,系统研究了油气成因类型及来源,并结合构造演化史、生烃史分析,建立了Y气田成藏模式,提出了大中型气田的勘探方向。主要认识如下:（1）天然气组分碳同位素、轻烃和埋藏史分析表明,Y气田天然气为凹中始新统平湖组烃源岩在龙井运动期（距今13 Ma）生成的高成熟煤型气;（2）凝析油姥鲛烷/植烷、规则甾烷等特征,反映了凹中区平湖组烃源岩发育于弱氧化?弱还原潮坪、潟湖沉积环境,生烃母质中存在一定数量的低等水生生物;（3）Y气田具有“凹中区平湖组烃源岩、花港组大型水道砂储集体、挤压构造作用”时空耦合的成藏模式,明确了凹中挤压背斜带是X凹陷大中型气田勘探的主攻方向。 相似文献
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This article reviews the abnormal characteristics of shale gases (natural gases produced from organic-rich shales) and discusses the cause of the anomalies and mechanisms for gas enrichment and depletion in high-maturity organic-rich shales. The reported shale gas geochemical anomalies include rollover of iso-alkane/normal alkane ratios, rollover of ethane and propane isotopic compositions, abnormally light ethane and propane δ13C values as well as isotope reversals among methane, ethane and propane. These anomalies reflect the complex histories of gas generation and associated isotopic fractionation as well as in-situ “mixing and accumulation” of gases generated from different precursors at different thermal maturities. A model was proposed to explain the observed geochemical anomalies. Gas generation from kerogen cracking at relatively low thermal maturity accounted for the increase of iso-alkane/normal alkane ratios and ethane and propane δ13C values (normal trend). Simultaneous cracking of kerogen, retained oil and wet gas and associated isotopic fractionation at higher maturity caused decreasing iso-alkane/normal alkane ratios, lighter ethane and propane δ13C and corresponding conversion of carbon isotopic distribution patterns from normal through partial reversal to complete reversal. Relatively low oil expulsion efficiency at peak oil generation, low expulsion efficiency at peak gas generation and little gas loss during post-generation evolution are necessary for organic-rich shales to display the observed geochemical anomalies. High organic matter richness, high thermal maturity (high degrees of kerogen-gas and oil-gas conversions) and late-stage (the stage of peak gas generation and post-generation evolution) closed system accounted for gas enrichment in shales. Loss of free gases during post-generation evolution may result in gas depletion or even undersaturation (total gas content lower than the gas sorption capacity) in high-maturity organic-rich shales. 相似文献
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Oil samples from Lower Cretaceous to Eocene reservoirs in southwest Iran were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry for genetic classification of oil families and determining their maturity. The Studied oil samples are non-biodegraded and their gravity range from 18.3 to 37° API. The slight even/odd n-alkane predominance, coupled with low Pr/Ph values, suggests their likely source rocks with a predominance of algal organic matter, type IIS kerogen deposited under strongly reducing marine environments. The biomarker distribution of investigated oils is characterized by high concentration of both C29 and C30 hopanes and ratios of C29/C30H are generally greater than unity. There is a marked predominance of C29 regular sterane over C27 and C28 homologs in our studied oils. High sterane/hopane values and cross plot of the δ13C sat versus δ13C aro show contribution of marine organic matter. Medium value of gammacerane index and other salinity indices show water density stratification and high salinity conditions of the environment of deposition. It can be concluded that the studied reservoirs, due to their variable maturity have different API gravity and contain two oil families (types A and B) with latter being deeper and comprising more mature oils. 相似文献
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The hydrocarbon migration and accumulation of the Suqiao deep buried-hill zone, in the Jizhong Subbasin, the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China, was investigated from the perspective of paleo-fluid evidence by using fluid inclusions, quantitative fluorescence techniques (QGF), total scanning fluorescence method (TSF) and organic geochemical analysis. Results show that the current condensate oil-gas reservoirs in the study area once were paleo-oil reservoirs. In addition, the reservoirs have experienced at least two stages of hydrocarbon charge from different sources and/or maturities. During the deposition of the Oligocene Dongying Formation (Ed), the deep Ordovician reservoirs were first charged by mature oils sourced from the lacustrine shale source rocks in the fourth member of Shahejie and Kongdian Formations (Es4+Ek), and then adjusted at the end of Ed period subsequently by virtue of the tectonic movement. Since the deposition of the Neogene Minghuazhen Formation (Nm), the reservoirs were mainly charged by the gas that consisted of moderate to high-maturity condensate and wet gas sourced from the Es4+Ek lacustrine shale source rocks and mature coal-derived gas sourced from the Carboniferous-Permian (C-P) coal-bearing source rocks. Meanwhile, the early charged oil was subjected to gas flushing and deasphalting by the late intrusion of gas. The widely distributed hydrocarbon inclusions, the higher QGF Index, and FOI (the frequency of oil inclusions) values in both gas-oil and water zone, are indicative of early oil charge. In addition, combined with the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions (<160 °C) and the existence of solid-bitumen bearing inclusions, significant loss of the n-alkanes with low carbon numbers, enrichments of heavier components in crude oils, and the precipitation of asphaltene in the residual pores suggest that gas flushing may have played an important role in the reservoir formation. 相似文献
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The discovery of the Bozhong 19-6 gas field, the largest integrated condensate gas field in the eastern China in 2018, opened up a new field for the natural gas exploration deep strata in the Bohai Bay Basin, demonstrating there is a great potential for natural gas exploration in oil-type basins. The ethane isotope of the Bozhong 19-6 condensate gas is heavy, showing the characteristics of partial humic gas. In this paper, aimed at the source rocks of the Bozhong 19-6 gas field in the Bohai Bay Basin, the characteristics of the source rocks in the Bozhong 19-6 structural belt were clarified and the reason are explained from impact of microorganism degradation on hydrocarbon generation of source rocks why the condensate oil and gas had heavy carbon isotope and why it showed partial humic characteristics was explored based on the research of parent materials. The following conclusions were obtained: The paleontology of the Bozhong 19-6 structural belt and its surrounding sub-sags is dominated by higher plants, such as angiosperm and gymnosperm. During the formation of source rocks, under the intensive transformation of microorganism, the original sedimentary organic matter such as higher plants was degraded and transformed by defunctionalization. Especially, the transformation of anaerobic microorganisms on source rocks causes the degradation and defunctionalization of a large number of humic products such as higher plants and the increase of hydrogen content. The degradation and transformation of microorganism don’t transform the terrestrial humic organic matter into newly formed “sapropel” hydrocarbons, the source rocks are mixed partial humic source rocks. As a result, hydrogen content incrased and the quality of source rocks was improved, forming the partial humic source rocks dominated by humic amorphous bodies. The partial humic source rocks are the main source rocks in the Bozhong 19-6 gas field, and it is also the internal reason why the isotope of natural gas is heavy. 相似文献
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Crude oil samples from Cretaceous and Tertiary reservoir sections in the Zagros Fold Belt oil fields, southern Iraq were investigated using non-biomarker and biomarker parameters. The results of this study have been used to assess source of organic matter, and the genetic link between oils and their potential source rocks in the basin. The oils are characterized by high sulphur and trace metal (Ni, V) contents and relatively low API gravity values (17.4–22.7° API). This indicates that these oils are heavy and generated from a marine source rock containing Type II-S kerogen. This is supported by their biomarker distributions of normal alkanes, regular isoprenoids, terpanes and steranes and the bulk carbon isotope compositions of their saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. The oils are characterized by low Pr/Ph ratios (<1), high values of the C35 homohopane index and C31-22R/C30 hopane ratios, relatively high C27 sterane concentrations, and the predominance of C29-norhopane. These biomarkers suggest that the oils were generated predominantly from a marine carbonate source rock, deposited under reducing conditions and containing plankton/algal and microorganisms source input. The presence of gammacerane also suggests water column stratification during source rock deposition.The biomarker characteristics of the oils are consistent with those of the Middle Jurassic Sargelu carbonate as the effective source rock in the basin. Biomarker maturity data indicate that the oils were generated from early maturity source rocks. 相似文献
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The first exploratory well, the ZS1C well, with 158,545 m3 daily gas production was discovered in 6861–6944 m deep strata of the Cambrian gypsolyte layer of the Tarim Basin, China in 2014. The discovery opens a new target for the Cambrian-reservoired oil and gas exploration, and directly leads to large-scale oil and gas exploration of the deep-reservoired Cambrian oil and gas fields in the Basin. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–flame ionization detector revealed the presence of abundant adamantane compounds, 2-thiaadamantanes and 2-thiadiamantanes, and a large amount of sulfur-containing compounds in the condensate oil. The formation of organic sulfur-containing compounds, such as 2-thiaadamantanes, is an indication of sulfur incorporation from the gypsum in the stratum into oil and gas in the course of TSR. This reservoir has apparently suffered severe TSR alteration because (1) High content of H2S, (2) H2S sulfur isotopes, (3) CO2 carbon isotopes, and others abundant data to support this findings. Similar sulfur isotopic composition of H2S, oil condensate and the gypsum in the Cambrian strata indicate that the produced condensate is experienced TSR alteration. Therefore, the deep-accumulated Cambrian oil reservoir has experienced severe TSR alteration, and accumulated natural gas and condensate contains high sulfur content. 相似文献