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福建三沙湾浮性鱼卵和仔、稚鱼的分布 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文根据1990年2～11月在三沙湾海域分别进行4个季节调查的资料,对三沙湾鱼卵和仔、稚鱼的种类组成、丰度和主要种类的分布进行研究和探讨.结果表明,本海区共出现鱼卵和仔、稚鱼26种,分别隶属于17科22属.在数量上,鱼卵最高值出现在春季（5月）,其中鱼卵丰度较高的种类是真鲷、带鱼、鲾和康氏小公鱼等种类.仔稚鱼以夏季丰度最高,并以鰕虎鱼丰度（71.8%）最高.在分布上,鱼卵的丰度以三都岛东北部和东吾洋海域最高,仔稚鱼以三都岛东部最为密集.这表明本海区的鱼类的主要产卵季节是春季和夏季.其数量、分布与水温及桡足类的分布关系密切. 相似文献
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长江口及邻近水域夏季鱼卵、仔鱼数量分布特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根据2001~2003年间,每年8月共3个航次对长江口及其邻近水域20个定点测站(30°05′~31°15′N;121°30′~122°50′E)鱼卵、仔鱼调查的资料,着重就该水域鱼卵、仔鱼的数量时空分布的年际变化特征以及有关的水文生物环境影响因子做了分析和探讨。结果表明,鱼卵、仔鱼的数量3 a的年际变化较大,2002年数量为高峰期。平面分布主要集中于长江口和舟山渔场内,杭州湾相对较少。种类以中华小公鱼(Stolephorus chinensis)的卵和仔鱼的分布最多,其变动直接影响总量的变化。盐度相对水温对鱼卵、仔鱼所产生的效应更为明显,降盐以及径流量的加大对鱼卵、仔鱼总量的增加产生一定的影响。而浮游桡足类的数量变动对鱼卵、仔鱼产生一定的作用。调查区内经济性鱼类资源量的日益减少,低值鱼类比例的增加成为资源结构的变动趋势。 相似文献
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采用1999年6—8月间在东海(26°30′—32°30′N、121°00′—128°00′E)的日本鲭和鱼卵仔鱼综合调查资料,对鱼卵仔鱼的数量分布的生态特征进行分析,并就平面分布与水文环境的关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明,鱼卵分布范围较仔鱼要大,高值区主要出现在南部近海的鱼外渔场,鱼仔鱼则在近海的长江口外渔场分布较多。日本鲭仔鱼的摄食对水温盐度的要求较亲鱼产卵的水文环境要严格许多,鱼产卵受水温和盐度的影响控制较仔鱼的育肥更为显著。两种鱼卵仔鱼数量平面分布状况与黄海冷水、江浙沿岸流、台湾暖流以及黑潮在本区运动消长而产生的温、盐变化存在着密切关系,日本鲭和鱼的鱼卵数量随着浮游动物丰度减少而逐渐增加,鱼仔鱼的数量则随着浮游动物丰度的增加而增加,浮游生物饵料生物的变动对鱼卵仔鱼的分布也有一定的影响。 相似文献
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为探究福建罗源湾鱼卵、仔鱼物种多样性及分布,作者根据2009年7月在罗源湾鱼卵、仔鱼调查资料,对罗源湾鱼卵和仔鱼的优势度、物种多样性进行分析,并就其与环境因子的关系进行了探讨。结果共采集到21种鱼类的鱼卵和仔鱼,其中,鱼卵11种、仔鱼15种。鱼卵中优势种类为康氏小公鱼(Stolephorus commersonli)和中颌棱鳀(Thrissa mystax),仔鱼中优势种类为中颌棱鳀和鲾属某种(Leiognathus sp.)。调查海域仔鱼多样性指数低于鱼卵,仔鱼优势种突出,且优势度较大。鱼卵、仔鱼多样性指数最高区分别为Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区。相关分析显示,罗源湾夏季鱼卵多样性指数与盐度呈显著正相关性。 相似文献
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长江口鱼卵仔鱼资源现状的调查与分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据2003年5月至2004年11月长江口海域7个航次、115个站次的鱼卵仔鱼调查采样资料分析,共鉴定出该海域的鱼卵仔鱼51种,隶属10目27科45属;其中,5种仅鉴定到科,4种仅鉴定到属,还有两种未能鉴定。在长江口门附近鱼卵较为集中,绝大部分为凤鲚鱼卵,占鱼卵总数的95.7%,其它小部分分别为鮻、斑点马鲛、长蛇鲻、中华小公鱼、小带鱼以及鲆科的鱼卵。中华小公鱼的仔鱼出现次数最多,占仔鱼总次数的38.4%;凤鲚、虎鱼科、棘头梅童鱼、鮻和斑鱼祭的仔鱼分别占仔鱼总次数的19.7%、14.4%、6.6%、6.2%和3.5%。长江口门内分布的主要仔鱼种类为凤鲚、赤鼻棱鱼是、中华小公鱼等;长江口门以外分布的主要仔鱼种类为凤鲚、鮻、鲆科、小黄鱼和长蛇鲻等;其中凤鲚、中华小公鱼等的仔鱼和鱼卵较多。5月鱼卵仔鱼的种类和数量较多,2月和11月的较少。与历史同期相比,该海域部分种仔鱼类已经消失,棘头梅童鱼等经济种类的鱼卵仔鱼资源补充量急剧下降,表明长江口海域经济种类仔鱼资源已受到衰竭的威胁。 相似文献
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为了解瓯江口海域鱼卵和仔稚鱼的生态分布现状,分别于2015年4月和10月在该海域开展生态调查。春、秋两季共采集到鱼卵42粒,仔稚鱼295尾;共鉴定出鱼卵和仔稚鱼16种,分别隶属于8目14科15属,其中鲈形目种类最多。春季鱼卵、仔稚鱼物种数和丰度均远高于秋季。春季鱼卵优势种为斑鰶Konosirus punctatus,秋季为舌鳎属未定种Cynoglossus sp.;春季仔稚鱼优势种为鮻Liza haematocheila、花鲈Lateolabrax japonicus和矛尾鰕虎鱼Chaeturichthys stigmatias,秋季为侧带小公鱼属未定种Stolephorus sp.。瓯江口海域春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼的丰度高值区均位于大门岛周围,该海域应在海洋生态红线划定时予以考虑,秋季则相对分散在较外侧海域。春季仔稚鱼数量分布与盐度和营养盐有极显著相关性。与20世纪90年代初相比,该海域的鱼卵、仔稚鱼物种及数量均在发生变化,数量略呈下降趋势。与浙江近岸其他海域相比,瓯江口海域的鱼卵、仔稚鱼数量偏低。 相似文献
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鱼卵和仔稚鱼在海洋生态系统能量传递中起重要作用,作为渔业资源的早期补充群体,其分布、群聚结构对评估渔业资源和保护渔业资源具有重要意义。为了解三门湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群聚结构时空变化规律,对该海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼进行春、夏两季调查,分析了该海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼组成及群聚结构变化等特征。结果发现:(1)两季共鉴定出鱼卵、仔稚鱼8目21科40种,其中定性样品鱼卵、仔稚鱼8目21科36种,定量样品鱼卵、仔稚鱼4目11科24种;鱼卵优势种为斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)、鲷科未定种(Sparidae)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)、鮻(Liza haematocheila)、舌鳎属(Cynoglossus spp.)、石首鱼科未定种(Sciaenidae)、小公鱼属(Stolephorus spp.);仔稚鱼优势种为鮻、孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina)、小公鱼属、细棘虾虎鱼属(Acentrogobius spp.)、缟虾虎鱼属(Tridentiger spp.)。(2)三门湾湾内与湾外鱼卵、仔稚鱼群聚的组成存在显著差异,且湾内密度均高于湾外,反映出优势种鱼类在产卵季对于水文环境(如海流、温度)的空间响应。(3)三门湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼的群聚组成季节波动明显,主要由鱼类产卵的季节节律以及以洄游习性等差异形成。结果表明,三门湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群聚结构空间、季节差异明显,与历史资料相比,鱼卵、仔稚鱼资源从“年际”短时间尺度看已初步显现一定恢复态势。 相似文献
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根据2007年8月至2009年10月期间在福建省主要海湾的调查资料,对其浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布特点进行初步研究和探讨.结果表明,本调查海域共出现鱼卵和仔稚鱼68种,隶属于29科,主要是近海中上层鱼类、浅海底层鱼类和港湾河口型鱼类3个生态类型.各站鱼卵总平均丰度是497.5粒/网,仔稚鱼总平均丰度50.8个/网.优势种明显,占总量比例大;不同季节和不同海湾的种类数相差不大;数量平面分布呈现不同季节不同海湾差别较大,规律性不强,偶然性大等特点. 相似文献
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本文利用日本气象厅在137°E断面获得的水温和盐度长期观测资料,分析了该断面温度场和盐度场的时空特征.结果表明,137°E断面的温度场和盐度场都存在着明显的季节差异和年际变化.冬季,温度场变化的关键区位于3°~18°N的300m以浅海域,而盐度场变化的关键区则位于18°~34°N的300m以浅海域.夏季,温度场变化的关键区位于3°~16°N的300m以浅海域,而盐度场则有两个关键区,分别位于3°~18°N的200m以浅海域和24°~34°N的300m以浅海域.温度场的年际变化与ENSO循环相联系,而盐度场的年际变化则比较复杂. 相似文献
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经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。 相似文献
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为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。 相似文献
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Eight ophiuroid species, six from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak and three from the northern Adriatic Sea, were examined for regeneration of arms. The species were separated into groups based upon mode of feeding and habitat. Comparison between groups collected in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak showed that infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding species (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei) had significantly more scars per arm (mean number 0.78) than epibenthic suspension feeders (Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra, 0.29) or epibenthic carnivores and deposit feeders (Ophiura ophiura and O. albida, 0.13). Spatial variation in arm regeneration incidence was found between sampling sites in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak for Amphiura filiformis and in the northern Adriatic Sea for Ophiothrix quinquemaculata. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) and nitrogen (N) contents were measured in arms of six species of brittle-stars from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak. Differences between species were found, with highest concentrations of AFDW and N in Amphiura filiformis, intermediate in A. chiajei, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis, and lowest in Ophiura ophiura and O. albida. As the infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding brittle-stars (Amphiura spp.) had the highest proportions of damaged arms and highest AFDW and N contents in their arms in this comparison, it is suggested that selective cropping of arms by demersal fish is the main cause of arm damage on Amphiura spp. in this area. 相似文献
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向水体中添加不同浓度的短小芽孢杆菌CGMCC1004（Bacillus pumilus）和胶红酵母菌CGMCC1013（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa）以研究凡纳滨对虾（Litoenaeus vapznamei）体长、体质量、存活率、胃蛋白酶、肝胰腺淀粉酶和肝胰腺脂肪酶的影响，以及需钠弧菌（Vibrio natriegens）的感染效果。结果表明：向水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能提高对虾体长、存活率，但结果不显著，但对体质量增长率具有显著提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌对提高需钠弧菌感染后对虾成活率有一定的提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能显著提高胃蛋白酶活性，但是对肝胰腺淀粉酶活性有一定抑制作用；添加复合菌剂比添加单一菌种的作用要好；亦证明了向水体中添加细菌的方式对凡纳滨对虾的体长、体质量、存活率以及水质指标影响比较小，但是对消化酶具有一定的提高作用。 相似文献
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Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献
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Four species in the genus Navicula were isolated using the serial dilution method. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and sequence comparisons of two segments of genes(small ribosomal subunit and large subunit of Rubisco), the species were identified as Navicula perminuta, N. pseudacceptata, N. vara, and N. rhynchocephala. Based on phylogenetic analysis and culture trials, there was a close relationship between N. perminuta and N. vara. Growth of these species was evaluated using measurements of optical density at 680 nm(OD680) under various environmental factors. Results showed that the optimum culture conditions were 25℃, 50–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, pH 8.0, and salinities from 25 to 30. However, the favorable salinity for N. perminuta was surprisingly high at 35. Nutrient requirement analysis demonstrated that growth of Navicula depended on the availability of SiO32-. Their relative growth rates(RGR) peaked at the highest tested level(0.25 mmol/L). The optimal concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were 3.6 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L, respectively. Culture of these Navicula species for abalone or sea cucumber aquaculture should take these factors into consideration. 相似文献
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In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献