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1.
金属离子对长毛对虾酸性磷酸酶的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文研究几种金属离子分别对健康虾和病虾酸性磷酸酶ＡＣＰａｓｅ（ＥＣ３．１．３．２）活性的影响。结果表明,Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋对酶无明显抑制作用,Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｈｇ＾２＋对酶活力抑制明显。当Ｈｇ＾２＋离子浓度达０．５ｍｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾２时,酶活力被抑制９６％和９５％;各金属离子对酶的抑制强度依次为Ｈｇ＾２＋〉Ｃｕ＾２＋〉Ｚｎ＾２＋〉Ｐｂ＾２＋〉Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋〉Ｎｉ＾２＋ 相似文献
2.
四种重金属对海洋钙质角毛藻的毒性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋４种重金属,其单一及４种混合对海洋单胞藻钙质角毛藻Ｃｈａｅｔｏｃｅｒｏｓ ｃａｌｃｕｔｒａｎｓ的毒性效应,结果表明：单一的重金属毒性强于４种重金属混合,而且不同重金属对单胞藻的毒性效应有所不同,其毒性均Ｈｇ＾２＋〉Ｃｕ＾２＋〉Ｚｎ＾２＋〉Ｃｄ＾２＋。 相似文献
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重金属对日本对虾仔存活及代谢酶活力的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究测定了铜、锌、镉对不同盐度下日本对虾仔虾的２４ｈＬＣ５０、４８ｈＬＣ５０、９６ｈＬＣ５０,三种金属毒性大小依次为Ｃｄ＾２＋〉Ｃｕ＾２＋〉Ｚｎ＾２＋。对次致死浓度下仔虾的碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）,酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）、及谷草转氨酸（ＧＯＴ）的活性的测定结果表明：重金属对ＡＫＰ、ＧＰＴ、ＧＯＴ活性有不同程度的抑制作用;肯随着浓度的增高,抑制作用越明显。但对ＡＣＰ活性有激活作用, 相似文献
4.
应用水汽化学的方法学和理论,研究南,北极雪,冰,水中的Ｚｎ＾２＋等离子,南北,极雪,冰,水中Ｚｎ＾２＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋,Ｐｂ＾２＋,Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｓｎ＾４＋,Ｂｉ＾３＋离子含量的空间变化很小,与水汽化学原理计算的离子总平均含量Ｚｎ＾２＋,５．０μｇ／Ｌ,Ｐｂ＾２＋＋０．０３０μｇ／Ｌ,Ｃｕ＾２＋＋０．７０μｇ／Ｌ,Ｓｎ＾４＋＋０．９９μｇ／Ｌ,Ｂｉ＾３＋＋０．１８μｇ／Ｌ相一致。南北极Ｚｎ＾２＋等离子处 相似文献
5.
四种重金属对Mian状黄姑鱼胚胎和仔鱼的毒性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文研究了汞,铜,锌和铬四种重金属对Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼胚胎发育和仔鱼存活的影响。结果表明;在试验浓度范围内,胚胎发育受阻,肥放孵化率显著低于对照组,初孵仔鱼出现不同程度的畸形,这些重金属对Ｍｉａｎ状黄姑鱼仔鱼的毒性强弱依次为Ｈｇ＾２＋〉Ｃｕ＾２＋〉Ｚｎ＾２＋〉Ｃｒ＾６＋。 相似文献
6.
重金属对几种海洋双壳类和甲壳类生物的毒性 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
研究了重金属和污染疏浚物对缢蛏Ｓｉｎｏｎｕａｃｕｌａ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｉｃｔａ稚贝和幼贝，褶牡蛎Ｏｓｔｒｅａ ｐｌｉｃａｔｕｌａ幼虫，甲壳类的卤虫Ａｒｔｅｍｉａｓｐ．幼体和长毛对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｐｅｎｃｉｌｌａｔｕｓ幼体的毒性，结果表明受试生物的生长，摄食，存活均受到不同程度的影响。各重金属元素对褶牡蛎幼虫，卤虫无节细，长毛对虾糖虾期的毒性顺序为Ｈｇ＾２＾＋＞Ｃｕ＾２＾＋＞Ｚｎ＾２＾＋＞Ｃｄ＾２＾＋＞ 相似文献
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九龙江口红树植物叶片重金属元素含量及动态 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文探讨了福建九龙江口潮间带秋茄、木榄、红海榄、白骨壤和桐花树等红树植物叶片重金属元素Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｍｎ的含量及动态。结果表明，该河口红树林区表层土壤沉积物元素含量顺序为Ｍｎ〉Ｚｎ〉Ｐｂ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｃｄ；５种红树植物叶片元素含量顺序为Ｍｎ〉Ｚｎ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｐｂ〉Ｃｄ；不同物种叶片元素含量大都有明显差异；叶片对土壤元素富集系数，以Ｍｎ、Ｃｄ较高，Ｐｂ最低；随叶片从幼叶－成熟叶－黄叶的生长发育，Ｍｎ 相似文献
9.
罗氏沼虾育苗用水中Mg2+与Ca2+含量及Mg2+/Ca2+对出苗率的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
１９９１年３－６月和１９９２年３－６月在南汇县东海水产养殖公司对罗氏沼虾育苗用水调配原则与不同基础水的调配方法进行试验研究。结果表明，育苗用水中Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｃａ＾２＋含量及Ｍｇ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾２＋必须达到一定的范围，这是调配的基本原则。以鱼塘水作基础水时，需添加６种化学药品，其中Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｃａ＾２＋含量可适范围分别为３００．０－４４０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ与１７０．０－２４４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｍｇ＾２＋／Ｃａ＾ 相似文献
10.
河口水Cu2+, Zn2+的分析、形式、分布、毒性与生态环境 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
生物毒性实验Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋等浓度与生物死亡率相关模式表明，海水中加入的Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋等浓度逐渐增高，生物死主恨率相应增高，同一浓度下，死亡率随时间（２４，４８，７２，９６ｈ）的增加逐步增高，实验加入Ｃｕ＾２＋仅１μｇ／Ｌ和Ｚｎ＾２＋仅５μｇ／Ｌ本底浓度时，其毒性即已开始遵循相关模式。因此，比天然水含量仅高１，２倍的Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋离子的污染及毒性，就足以破坏鱼虾在河口的产卵， 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
15.
Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献
16.
Maryd De Wemton John S. Clayton Rohan D. S. Wells Chris C. Tanner Suzanne T. Miller 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):145-151
The submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner, Marion, Katrine, Taylor, and Sheppard was surveyed in May 1987. These high‐altitude lakes lie at c. 600 m a.s.l., within the largely unmodified upper Hurunui catchment. Submerged vegetation was diverse and included numerous short shallow‐water species, dense swards of Isoetes alpinus, low covers of taller native vascular plants, and charophyte meadows beyond the depth limit of vascular plants to a maximum of 15 m. A sparse deepwater bryophyte community was observed from 11 to 32 m depth in Lake Sumner. Displacement of native vegetation by dense growths of the adventive oxygen weed Elodea canadensis over mid‐depths of 3–6 m was noted in all lakes, except Lake Marion. 相似文献
17.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Data on the relative contribution of the Ox, HOx, NOx, ClOx, BrOx, and IOx catalytic cycles to atmospheric ozone destruction are given for June and... 相似文献
18.
Linjie Zheng Tomoharu Minami Shotaro Takano Hideki Minami Yoshiki Sohrin 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):669-685
A central theme of the ongoing GEOTRACES program is to improve the understanding of processes occurring at ocean interfaces with continents, sediments, and ocean crust. In this context, we studied the distributions of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb around the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR) in total dissolvable (td), dissolved (d), and labile particulate (lp) fractions, which represent a fraction in unfiltered samples, filtered samples through an AcroPak capsule filter, and the difference between td and d, respectively. Al and Fe were dominated by lp-species, while Ni, Zn, and Cd were dominated by d-species with undetectable amounts of lp-species. Major findings in this study are as follows: (1) The continental margin (CM) provided large sources of Al, Mn, Fe, and Co from the surface to ~2000 m in depth. The supply from CM caused high surface concentrations of dMn and dCo, a subsurface (100–300 m depth) maximum of dCo, and intermediate (500–2000 m depth) maxima of lpAl and lpFe. The supply of dFe from CM was ~10 times that from the high-temperature hydrothermal activity at station BD21, which is located at ~3 km from the Middle Valley venting site and ~ 200 km from Vancouver Island. (2) DPb was maximum at the top layer of North Pacific Intermediate Water, probably owing to isopycnal transport of anthropogenic Pb via advection of subducted surface waters. Although dCo and dPb had different sources in the upper water, they showed a strong linearity below 300 m (r 2 = 0.95, n = 38), indicating concurrent scavenging. (3) A high-temperature hydrothermal plume occurred at a depth of 2300 m at BD21, accounting for maxima of dAl, dMn, dFe, lpCu, and lpPb and a minimum of dCu. (4) Strong bottom maxima of lpAl, lpMn, lpFe, lpCo, and lpPb occurred above the abyssal plain at the western foot of the JdFR, indicating resuspension of sediments. However, bottom maxima of d-species were apparent only for dAl and dCu. 相似文献
19.
While clastic mudstones and shale were traditionally interpreted to have been deposited in quiet water settings, recent flume experiments and studies have shown that mud can be transported in and deposited by traction currents as migrating ripples of mud aggregates. Despite these recent advances, mud aggregates have rarely been adequately described in the rock record.These mud aggregates and the sedimentary structures they form in mudstone successions are difficult to observe in the rock record due to compaction, which often obliterates the aggregates and flattens bedforms. This paper documents unambiguously identifiable sand sized mudstone aggregates in thin sections and SEM, transported in traction, and deposited in a series of prograding clinothems. These aggregates were sufficiently indurated to locally preserve shelter porosity, significantly improving the hydrocarbon reservoir properties.Grain size analysis of the aggregates was performed on thin sections, as well as disaggregated samples measured by a laser diffraction grain size analyzer for comparison. These analyses showed that sand sized aggregates often comprise more than half of the sediment volume. While the clay-rich composition of the Carlile Formation would suggest that it is a mudstone, statistical analysis of these grain size measurements show that it could alternatively be described as a silty sandstone. These findings potentially change how we think about mudstone classification, fine-grained sedimentation, and mudstone dominated petroleum reservoirs. 相似文献
20.
Cross-Calibration and Long-Term Monitoring of the Microwave Radiometers of ERS,TOPEX, GFO,Jason, and Envisat 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The radiometers on board the satellites ERS-1, TOPEX/Poseidon, ERS-2, GFO, Jason-1, and Envisat measure brightness temperatures at two or three different frequencies to determine the total columnal water vapor content and wet tropospheric path delay, a major correction to the altimeter range measurements. In order to asses the long-term stability of the path delay, the radiometers are calibrated against vicarious cold and hot references, against each other, and against several atmospheric models. Four of these radiometers exhibit significant drifts in at least one of the channels, resulting in yet unmodeled errors in path delay of up to 1 mm/year, thus limiting the accuracy at which global sea level rise can be inferred from the altimeter range measurements. 相似文献