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1.
55年来黄河下游逐日水沙过程变化及其对干流建库的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以55年来(1950-2004年)黄河下游花园口和利津水文站逐日水沙资料为依据,将黄河下游水沙变化分为5个阶段,分别与4个黄河干流水库的开始运作时间对应,分析和对比了花园口和利津两站5阶段逐日水沙记录和图谱特征和变化。结果显示黄河下游逐日水沙特征在干流水库的运作下发生显著的阶段性改变,至小浪底水库建成后发生了根本性变化,主要是洪峰和沙峰消失,传统汛期与非汛期季节划分趋于模糊,调水调沙短期内的输沙量占全年输沙量的2/3以上,下游由淤积变为冲刷、可能产生泥沙异重流的天数大幅度减少。下游河道有显著的削峰、滞洪和淤沙作用,花园口/利津站36月逐日水沙量差距分阶段快速加大,最大可达20倍,表明下游耗水增加并集中在春灌时段,是入海水量减少的主因之一。目前,水库联合调水调沙期间是河口异重流发育的最佳时段。55年来黄河下游逐日水沙过程的变化表明,黄河逐日水沙特征发生了受控于人类活动的根本性变化。  相似文献   

2.
近50年来黄河入海径流量变化的初步分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
以黄河口利津水文站1950-2002年的实测径流资料为依据,采用数理统计学、随机水文学和小波分析相结合的方法,对黄河入海径流量的变异特性进行了初步分析.研究结果表明:近50年来,黄河入海年径流量、汛期径流量、基流和年最大流量都存在显著的下降趋势;利用有序聚类分析法检测出1985年、1968年和1996年三个跳跃点,入海径流量分别在三个跳跃点处出现阶段性变化,引起这些变化的原因有气候的因素,但人类活动的影响在其中起了决定性作用.小波分析的结果显示,入海径流量存在3~5年、6~8年和10~15年左右的变化周期,但在不同时段,周期尺度有所不同.  相似文献   

3.
通过分析黄河口利津水文站1950—2006年水文、泥沙资料和1976—2006年利津至清7河段固定断面资料,结果表明:清水沟流路行水以来,进入河口区水沙通量总体偏低,来水来沙更集中于汛期,尤以泥沙量为甚,水沙搭配也较以前畸高;河口河道主槽淤积明显,且绝大部分淤积在CS7-清7河段,全河口段共淤积泥沙量为3.15亿m3,其中汛期淤积1.12亿m3,非汛期淤积2.03亿m3;河口河道主槽冲淤过程可分为4个阶段,即汛期强烈淤积、非汛期适度调整(1976—1979年),汛期强烈冲刷、非汛期强烈淤积(1981—1985年),汛期与非汛期持续淤积(1986—1996年),以及汛期冲刷、非汛期淤积(1996—2006年),并有2年期的"记忆"效应;河口河道主槽冲淤量与径流量、输沙量和来沙系数存在部分线性或秩相关,但来水来沙数量和水沙搭配参数并非为影响主槽冲淤的主要决定性因素,水沙过程、河床边界条件和人类活动干预等因素在主槽冲淤变化过程中起着更为重要的作用。  相似文献   

4.
黄河入海水沙通量变化规律   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
根据利津站1950-2003年的水、沙实测资料,采用水文学和数理统计学相结合方法,对黄河入海水沙通量进行分析,分别得出了水、沙通量的年代变化、年际变化、季节变化规律以及水、沙通量之间关系.结果表明:黄河入海水、沙通量递减趋势明显,尤其在近20a来这种趋势更加显著;年际、年内沙量变化幅度都大于水量;黄河入海水沙主要集中在汛期,汛期与非汛期的水沙量差异将会持续减小;年输沙量和年径流量、多年平均月输沙量和径流量分别以乘幂、多项式回归,各月多年输沙量和径流量以多项式、指数回归,相关性都很高.  相似文献   

5.
河流入海水体悬沙浓度的变化直接反映该流域人类活动和自然应力的影响。基于密西西比河塔伯特兰丁站长期水文资料,本文采用百分位法、Mann-Kendall法等统计方法对近40年密西西比河入海水体悬沙浓度进行分析,探究密西西比河通过“鸟足状”三角洲进入墨西哥湾的水体悬沙浓度变化过程及其可能影响因素。结果表明:(1)在1976?2015年期间,密西西比河入海水体悬沙浓度展现阶段性下降趋势,其中第一时期即1976?1987年期间,入海水体悬沙浓度相对较高,平均值为0.33 kg/m3;第二时期即1988?2015年期间,悬沙浓度较低且平均值为0.25 kg/m3。(2)密西西比河日径流量与悬沙浓度之间的关系符合高斯分布。与1976?1987年相比,1988?2015年期间水沙关系曲线较为扁平,日均超过0.60 kg/m3的高悬沙浓度事件明显减少。在低流量及起动流量阶段,悬沙浓度随着流量的增加而增加,在流量接近20 000 m3/s时,悬沙浓度达到最大值,流量高于20 000 m3/s后,悬沙浓度反而随着流量增加而减小。同时,密西西比河月均水沙关系在1976?1987年期间呈双绳套样,1988?2015年期间则呈现“先沙后水”的顺时针单一型绳套样。(3)分洪工程建设及土壤保持措施是影响密西西比河入海水体悬沙浓度的主要原因。其中,工程建设减少了河道沿程沉积物物源,土壤保持措施使土地侵蚀减少,从而使得悬沙浓度保持较低水平。此外,极端水文事件对密西西比河入海悬沙浓度的影响较小。  相似文献   

6.
48年来黄河入海水沙过程及其对流域人类活动的响应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
黄河下游入海水沙现今出现急剧减少的趋势.水沙的季节性变化影响着年内的径流量、输沙量的分配情况.这种变化的影响因素有自然因素和人为因素两方面,而后者占主要地位.水沙的锐减对河口生态环境的变化有着负面影响.黄河干流已建成的大中型水库尤其是龙羊峡水库对入海水沙起着负面作用.  相似文献   

7.
2018年至2021年黄河河口春季生态调水与2次罕见大洪水,导致时段内入海水沙过程和水沙通量发生变化。为了解滨海地貌变化特征,根据海域实测地形资料,结合同期利津水文站来水来沙数据,分析了河口滨海区2、5和10 m等深线变化及冲淤演变,比较了现河口各汊三角洲前缘发育情况。结果表明:2018年至2021年河口年均入海水沙分别为362亿m32.81亿t,是2002年至2017年入海水沙均值的2倍;4 a间入海泥沙共11.67亿t(包括尾闾河道冲刷0.42亿t),其中有8.58亿t(6.13亿m3)落淤在现行河口滨海区;洪峰呈漫流入海,入海汊口稳定性变差,加速河口出汊摆动演变,口门前方形成长轴平行岸线、短轴垂直岸线的椭圆形连续狭长淤积带,三角洲前缘得到充分发育;大洪水期间,河口在东北向自然出汊,东汊和东北汊成为入海主汊。  相似文献   

8.
基于1976-2012年利津站实测水沙资料,选取1976-1986年、1987-1999年及2000-2012年作为特征时段,探讨了黄河口现行入海水沙条件变化的阶段性特征,重点研究了入海泥沙粒度特征对入海水沙变化的响应情况。结果表明:(1)与1976-1986年年均入海流量1 020 m~3/s相比,1987-1999年与2000-2012年入海流量大幅度减小,分别为473.7 m~3/s和504.7 m~3/s;(2)与1976-1986年年均入海含沙量24.4 kg/m~3相比,1987-1999年大幅度减小至15.9 kg/m~3,2000-2012年仅为4.1 kg/m~3;(3) 1976-1986年入海悬沙中值粒径为0.022 mm,1987-1999年减小至0.016 mm,2000-2012年又变粗至0.021 mm,反映水库正常运行一段时间后,下游河床冲刷造成入海泥沙粗化;(4) 2000年后利津站与花园口站悬沙粒度特征变化趋势趋于一致。研究还揭示了利津站床沙特征与流域前4年来沙系数存在较好相关性,利津床沙粒径呈现随来沙系数减少而增大的趋势,表明流域来沙量减少会造成利津站床沙粗化。  相似文献   

9.
基于小波变换的西、北江水沙关系特征分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对珠江高要、石角站近50年(1957-2000年)流量、含沙量和输沙量月均时间序列利用复Morlet小波变换,分析水沙序列的多时间尺度变化特征,并在流量的特征时间尺度上分段建立相应的水沙关系,结果显示:(1)两站水沙时间序列具有多时间尺度特征,年内洪枯季周期最为显著,水沙丰枯变化不同期.流量的长周期振荡特征较含沙量与输沙量明显,中时间尺度振荡在20世纪70年代有明显的突变点,石角站突变点略滞后于高要站.高要站输沙量明显多于石角站,在20世纪80年代之后石角站输沙量明显减少;(2)特征时间尺度上水沙关系存在丰枯变化.水沙关系公式Cs=aQb中,系数a值变化反映出少水期泥沙的供给量较小,指数b值显示少水期水流的挟沙能力强.两个多水时段(1992-2000年和1957-1974年)水沙关系近似平行下移,说明水流的挟沙能力相近,但泥沙供给量存在一定差别,前一个多水时段泥沙供应量小于后一多水时段,明显的人类活动是主要原因.整体时段的水沙关系曲线只能代表多水期的水流挟沙特征,而不能代表少水期的水沙关系.  相似文献   

10.
黄河三角洲孤东近岸冲淤演变及其影响因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为更好地了解近40年来孤东近岸的演变过程,以研究区剖面水深地形、Landsat影像和利津站水沙数据为数据源,采用遥感技术及数理统计法对研究区域岸线及面积变化进行监测计算,并分析1976—1986年、1986—1996年、1996—2002年、2002—2014年4个不同阶段的冲淤演变及影响因素。结果表明:(1)孤东近岸经历"强淤积-冲淤平衡-侵蚀-强侵蚀"4个阶段。孤东近岸海域由淤积向侵蚀转变始于1996年,且在2002—2014年间侵蚀最为严重,大部分近岸海域蚀深达到6~8 m,侵蚀最大深度超过8 m;(2)等深线变化时空差异明显,蚀退最先出现在北侧,且近岸5 m水深区域内冲淤变化较水深10 m内敏感;(3)研究区近岸侵蚀,离岸淤积,剖面冲淤平衡位置由CS19剖面的11 m水深变化到CS21剖面的5m水深;(4)黄河入海水沙的减少、河口人工改汊、孤东大堤建设和海洋动力作用都对孤东近岸的冲淤演变产生影响,维持研究区冲淤平衡的年均来沙阈值为3.78亿t/a。通过此来进一步探究孤东近岸演变进程,为孤东近岸防护提供科学指导。  相似文献   

11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ~200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ~380 km from the coast at a depth of ~250 m above the sea level.  相似文献   

12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.  相似文献   

13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

14.
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

15.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.  相似文献   

16.
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.  相似文献   

17.
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

18.
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.  相似文献   

19.
The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.  相似文献   

20.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...  相似文献   

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