共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The paper is devoted to the results of the study on sea-surface wind field remote sensing using 8-12 GHz broad band radar scatterometer. Principles and techniques of remote sensing with broad band scatterometer are described. Variations of microwave scattering coefficients on sea surface with different frequencies and incident angles at different polarization and wind velocity are given and the correlationship between scattering coefficients and wind speeds. The result shows that the research is valuable.lt provides data and basis for remote sensing of the sea-surface wind fields with broad band radar scatterometer. 相似文献
2.
相比于实孔径微波辐射计,一维综合孔径微波辐射计具有高空间分辨率和多入射角观测特点。本文提出采用观测频率为6.9,10.65,18.7,23.8和36.5 GHz,且入射角范围为0°~65°的一维综合孔径微波辐射计遥感大气海洋环境要素。基于构建的微波大气海洋辐射传输正演模型,分析了辐射计亮温对大气海洋环境要素的敏感性,为辐射计关键指标确定和大气海洋环境要素反演算法设计提供技术支撑。结果表明：一维综合孔径微波辐射计的垂直和水平极化亮温对大气海洋环境要素的敏感性表现出不同特性,且敏感性随入射角的改变而变化显著;6.9和10.65 GHz对海面温度的敏感性较大,且随着入射角的增大,垂直极化亮温的敏感性增大,水平极化亮温的敏感性减小;10.65和18.7 GHz对海面风速的敏感性相对较大,且敏感性最大的风速区间位于10~20 m/s;23.8 GHz对大气水汽含量最敏感,且水汽含量较低、入射角较大时,敏感性越大;36.5 GHz对云液态水含量最敏感,随着入射角的增大,垂直极化亮温的敏感性减小,水平极化的敏感性增大,但两者均在液态水含量较小时表现出较大的敏感性。 相似文献
3.
The European Space Agency will launch the first salinity satellite for remotely sensing the global soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) at a sun-synchronous orbit in 2009. One of the payloads on the satellite is a synthetic aperture microwave radiometer (MIRAS), which is an innovative instrument designed as a two-dimensional (2D) interferometer for acquiring brightness temperature (TB) at L-band (1.4 GHz). MIRAS allows measuring TB at a series of incidences for full polarizations. As the satellite travels, a given location within the 2D field of view is observed from different incidence angles. The authors develop a new scheme to retrieve the sea-surface salinity (SSS) from SMOS’s TB at multi-incidence angles in a pixel, utilizing the properties of emissivity changing with incidence angles. All measurements of a given Stokes parameter in a pixel are first fitted to incidence angles in three order polynomial, and then the smoothed data are used for retrieving the SSS. The procedure will remove the random noise in TB greatly. Furthermore, the new method shows that the error in retrieved SSS is very sensitive to the system biases in the calibrated TB of the sensor, but the error in the retrieval is also a system bias, which can be corrected by post-launch validation. Therefore, this method may also serve as a means to evaluate the calibration precision in TB. 相似文献
4.
基于星载微波辐射计的海洋大气参数反演算法研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用3个辐射传输模式对无冰无降水情况下的星载微波辐射计亮温测量进行仿真研究,通过模拟计算结果与同步卫星数据之间的比较分析,确定了用于反演算法研究的前向模式;利用该模式,提出了基于物理的星载微波辐射计海洋大气参数(包括海面风速、海表温度、大气垂直积分水汽量以及积分液态水量)多重线性回归算法。 相似文献
5.
Assessment of the initial sea surface temperature product of the scanning microwave radiometer aboard on HY-2 satellite 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
ZHAO Yili ZHU Jianhu LIN Mingsen CHEN Chuntao HUANG Xiaoqi WANG He ZHANG Youguang PENG Hailong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(1):109-113
HY-2 satellite is the first satellite for dynamic environmental parameters measurement of China,which was launched on 16th August 2011.A scanning microwave radiometer（RM） is carried for sea surface temperature（SST）,sea surface wind speed,columnar water vapor and columnar cloud liquid water detection.In this paper,the initial SST product of RM was validated with in-situ data of National Data of Buoy Center（NDBC） mooring and Argo buoy.The validation results indicate the accuracy of RM SST is better than 1.7 C.The comparison of RM SST and WindSat SST shows the former is warmer than the latter at high sea surface wind speed and the difference between these SSTs is depend on the sea surface wind speed.Then,the relationship between the errors of RM SST and sea surface wind speed was analyzed using NDBC mooring measurements.Based on the results of assessment and errors analysis,the suggestions of taking account of the affection of sea surface wind speed and using sea surface wind speed and direction derived from the microwave scatteromter aboard on HY-2 for SST product calibration were given for retrieval algorithm improvement. 相似文献
6.
L. M. Mitnik M. L. Mitnik G. M. Chernyavsky I. V. Cherny A. V. Vykochko M. K. Pichugin E. V. Zabolotskikh 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(9):1041-1050
Application of satellite passive microwave sensing for the retrieval of key climatic parameters in the Barents Sea is considered. Fields of surface wind, atmosphere water vapor content and cloud liquid water content were found from MTVZA-GY radiometer onboard the Meteor-M N1 satellite and AMSR2 onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite with the use of original algorithms. The fields are in a good agreement with the ancillary remote and in situ measurements, which follows from the analysis of the evolution of the extra tropical and polar cyclones and cold air outbreaks with storm winds leading to intense air-sea interaction, and the formation and drift of sea ice. 相似文献
7.
Kohtaro Hosoda 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(4):439-473
Satellite-based microwave radiometers can measure sea surface temperature (SST) over wide areas, even under cloud cover, owing
to the weak absorption of microwaves by cloud droplets. This advantage is not available in the case of infrared observations,
hence SST data derived from microwave radiometers have been widely used for operational and research purposes in recent years.
This paper reviews the significant algorithms, validations, and applications related to microwave observation of SST. The
history and specifications of past and present microwave radiometers are also documented. Various physical properties, including
sea surface salinity, sea surface wind, molecules in the atmosphere, and clouds, affect the accuracy of SST data estimated
by satellite-based microwave radiometers. Estimation algorithms are designed to correct these effects by using microwave measurements
in several frequency channels and by using data of ancillary geophysical parameters. Validation studies have shown that microwave
radiometer SST data have high accuracy that is comparable to the accuracy of data obtained from infrared measurements. However,
certain persistent problems, such as sea-surface wind correction, remain to be solved. 相似文献
8.
本文将TMI（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM）Microwave Imager）和AMSR-E（Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System）卫星观测的全球海表温度与Argo浮标观测的近海表温度进行了比较。并检验了影响海温变化的因素,包括风速、水汽含量、液态云和地理位置。结果显示,TMI、AMSR-E海表温度与Argo近海表温度均明显相关。在低风速时,TMI、AMSR-E海表温度整体比Argo近海表温度高。在低风速时,TMI比AMSR-E海表温度更接近Argo近海表温度,但TMI海表温度在高纬可能没有经过良好校正。温度差异显示,在低水汽含量时,TMI和AMSR-E海表温度显示出暖的差异,代表TMI和AMSR-E海表温度在高纬均没有经过良好校正。黑潮延伸区的海表温度变化要比海潮区明显。春季在黑潮延伸区,卫星观测的海表温度与Argo近海表温度差异较小。在低风速时,TMI和AMSR-E海表温度均经过了良好校正,而TMI比AMSR-E效果更好。 相似文献
9.
利用南极走航观测评估卫星遥感海表面温度 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用1989-2005年间南极走航观测的海表面温度,对目前3个主要的卫星反演的SST产品AVHRR(Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer),TMI(TRMM Microwave Imager)和AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System)进行了较为系统的评估,并着重检验了它们在南大洋的准确性.结果表明,AVHRR SST比观测数据偏冷,白天的偏差为-0.12℃,夜晚的偏差为-0.04℃,而且南大洋的冷偏差更为显著.TMI SST比观测数据明显偏暖,白天的偏差为0.48℃,夜晚的偏差为0.57℃,其温差ΔT受37GHz风速影响,在强风速(>6m/s)下这种影响仍然存在.AMSR-ESST比观测数据偏暖,白天的偏差为0.34℃,夜晚的偏差为0.27℃,而且南大洋的暖偏差相对较大.AMSR-E SST温差受水汽影响,并在南大洋随着水汽的增加而增加.通过进一步比较微波(AMSR-E和TMI)和红外(AVHRR)遥感的SST在2004年北半球冬季(即南半球夏季)的差别,发现微波遥感在热带(15°S-15°N)和南大洋区域(45°S以南)比红外遥感偏暖,而且在南大洋区域的偏差相对较大,相反在北半球中纬度区域(15°~40°N)偏冷.AMSR-E与AVHRR SST的温差,从白天到夜晚有减小的趋势,而TMI与AVHRR SST的温差无明显的变化. 相似文献
10.
基于随机森林方法反演墨西哥湾海表盐度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盐度是表征物理和生物地球化学过程的重要参数之一,光学遥感可满足较高分辨率的监测需要并避免射频干扰问题,为沿海水域的海表盐度研究提供可行的途径。本文基于MODIS-Aqua的412 nm、443 nm、488 nm、555 nm和667 nm波段的遥感反射率(Rrs412、Rrs443、Rrs488、Rrs555、Rrs667)、海表温度以及实测的海表盐度数据构建随机森林模型,基于模型结果分析墨西哥湾海表盐度时空异质性及海表盐度与影响因子(海表温度和遥感反射率)之间的相关关系。研究结果表明:(1)随机森林模型能较准确地反演墨西哥湾海表盐度,其均方根误差为0.335,决定系数为0.931;(2)湾区海表盐度空间分布呈近岸?河口低、离岸高,环状向内增值的态势,其变化受河流流量、风力以及环流的影响;(3)海表温度与海表盐度存在较强的相关性,海表温度对海表盐度的反演影响显著;(4)海表温度、遥感反射率与海表盐度的相关性呈现空间异质性。 相似文献
11.
红外和微波辐射计反演海表面温度的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了红外辐射计和微波辐射计测量海表面温度的原理,分析了它们各自在反演海表面温度时的差异。在全球范围的海表面温度的遥感监测中,红外辐射计和微波辐射计的遥感精度受到多种因素影响。传感器本身的噪音、算法反演精度、传感器分辨率、搭载卫星的全球覆盖率等自身因素使辐射计的探测资料产生差别;大气状况、海面风速、测量海洋不同深度海水的表征温度等外界因子也同时影响着红外辐射计和微波辐射计的遥感精度。了解红外波段和微波波段的辐射计在各方面的优劣,有助于发挥各自特长,有效提高卫星监测海表面温度的精度。 相似文献
12.
一维综合孔径微波辐射计能够有效提高观测的空间分辨率，其观测入射角通常在0°~55°范围内变化。为了开发适用于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的海面温度反演算法，需要评估其观测亮温对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性。利用海面发射率模型和大气辐射传输模型，构建了适用于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的微波海洋大气辐射传输模式，研究了C波段垂直和水平极化微波辐射亮温在不同入射角下对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性变化情况，并定量计算了相应的敏感系数。结果表明:垂直和水平极化亮温对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性表现出不同的特性。随着入射角的增大，垂直极化亮温对海面温度的敏感性增强，对海面风场的敏感性相对减弱；水平极化亮温则相反。由大气水汽含量和云液态水含量误差引入的垂直和水平极化亮温误差随入射角增大而增大，但是，即使在55°的大入射角下垂直和水平极化亮温误差仍小于0.12 K。对于海面温度反演精度优于1 K的要求，一维综合孔径微波辐射计的测温精度需优于0.6 K。研究结果对于一维综合孔径微波辐射计海面温度反演算法的研究和载荷设计具有一定的理论指导意义。 相似文献
13.
Akira Shibata 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(3):321-330
Ocean microwave emissions changed by the ocean wind at 6 GHz were investigated by combining data of the Advanced Microwave
Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) and SeaWinds, both aboard the Advanced Earth Observation Satellite-II (ADEOS-II). This study was
undertaken to improve the accuracy of the sea surface temperature (SST) retrieved from the AMSR 6 GHz data. Two quantities,
6V*(H*), were defined by the brightness temperature of the AMSR at 6 GHz with two polarizations (V-pol and H-pol), adjusted
for atmospheric effects and with a calm ocean surface emission removed. These quantities represent a microwave emission change
due to the ocean wind at 6 GHz. 6V* does not change in a region where 6H* is less than around 4 K (referred to as z0). Both
6V* and 6H* increase above z0. The 6V* to 6H* ratio, sp, varies with the relative wind directions. Furthermore, the sp values
vary with the SST, between the northern and southern hemisphere, and seasonally. By specifying appropriate values for z0 and
sp, the SST error between AMSR and buoy measurement became flat against 6H*, which is related to the ocean wind. Two extreme
cases were observed: the Arabian Sea in summer and the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean in winter. The air-sea temperature difference
in the former case was largely positive, while it was largely negative in the latter. The 6V* and 6H* relations differed from
global conditions in both cases, which resulted in incorrect SSTs in both areas when global coefficients were applied. 相似文献
14.
The Seasat scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR): Instrument description and performance
The scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) is an imaging 5-frequency radiometer flown on the Seasat and Nimbus-7 earth satellites launched in 1978. It measures dual-polarized microwave radiances from the earth's atmosphere and surface, primarily for the purpose of deriving global and nearly all-weather measurements of sea surface temperature, wind speed, and atmospheric liquid water and water vapor. This paper describes the SMMR instrument and its calibration, antenna pattern measurements, and data processing procedures. Analysis of early data from the Seasat SMMR shows that the expected engineering performance in flight was achieved, and the measurement of sea surface temperature and wind speed with accuracies of 1.5 K and 2 m/s, respectively, may be achievable once the geophysical data processing algorithms and analysis have been completed. 相似文献
15.
介绍了红外辐射计和微波辐射计测量海表面温度的原理，分析了它们各自在反演海表面温度时的差异。在全球范围的海表面温度的遥感蛉测中，红外辐射计和微波辐射计的遥感精度受到多种因素影响。传感器本身的噪音、算法反演精度、传感器分辨率、搭载卫星的全球覆盖率等自身因素使辐射计的探测资料产生差别：大气状况、海面风速、测量海洋不同深度海水的表征温度等外界因子也同时影响着红外辐射计和微波辐射计的遥感精度。了解红外波段和微波波段的辐射计在各方面的优劣，有助于发挥各自特长，有效提高卫星监测海表面温度的精度。 相似文献
16.
本文利用Ｓｅａｓａｔ－Ａ卫星辐射计实测的大气中的水气含量、云中液态水含量及降雨强度等参数计算大气对微波的衰减，从而实现对１４．５９ＧＨｚ微波散射计衰减进行补偿之目的。 相似文献
17.
海洋的盐度观测对于气候和海洋科学的研究有重要的意义,盐度的卫星遥感观测需要估计各种因素带来的误差影响。本文基于海面微波辐射理论和海水相对电容率等模型,采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法研究了在盐度遥感中温度误差、仪器误差以及风速误差对于后续的盐度反演的影响。通过计算温度误差产生的盐度误差,并与敏感性方法的对比发现,在低温低盐时温度误差对盐度反演误差的影响较大,2种方法的偏差较大;而在高温高盐时温度误差对盐度反演误差的影响较小,2种方法的偏差较小。辐射计仪器噪声对盐度误差的影响普遍在0.1psu以上,在低温低盐时可达0.5psu以上。风速误差对盐度反演误差的影响在水平极化状态下随入射角增大,在温度低于20℃时普遍超过1psu;在垂直极化状态下随入射角先减小后增大,在温度低于20℃以及较小的入射角下误差也会超过1psu。对误差的综合分析发现,采用垂直极化状态在高温时这2种误差的影响较小。研究发现,当入射角是45.6°和垂直极化状态下,对于3种典型海面状态(35℃和35psu,20℃和35psu,5℃和30psu),反演的盐度反演误差可达到0.162,0.153和0.444psu,达到了卫星单次扫描对盐度反演的误差要求。 相似文献
18.
本文利用2016年的AMSR2、GMI、WindSat和HY-2A RM等星载微波辐射计海表温度（SST）数据，分析了北极卫星遥感SST数据的时空覆盖和产品精度情况。结果表明:北极星载微波辐射计SST冬季覆盖率和有效覆盖天数要低于夏季，GMI的SST有效覆盖率较低，AMSR2较高，联合使用AMSR2、GMI、WindSat和HY-2A RM星载微波辐射计SST数据，2月份覆盖率在12%~15%之间，有效观测天数优于26 d，8月份覆盖率全月高于26%，有效观测天数优于29 d。北极地区星载微波辐射计SST数据的误差均要大于全球平均水平，AMSR2数据精度较好，WindSat与AMSR2的精度相当，GMI的均方根误差约是AMSR2的2倍，HY-2A RM数据精度低于其他星载微波辐射计水平。 相似文献
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海表二氧化碳分压(pCO2)是指海洋表层水和大气之间的二氧化碳(CO2)交换处于动态平衡时CO2的含量, 是描述海-气CO2交换的一个主要因子。本文利用2008—2014年覆盖南海大部分海域的海表pCO2观测资料, 结合现场海表温度和海表盐度以及卫星观测的叶绿素a数据, 构建了基于多元线性回归方法的分区域反演模型。模型在水深浅于30m的区域均方根误差为5.3μatm, 其余海区均方根误差为10.8μatm, 与前人基于个别航次的有限区域反演结果的均方根误差相当。利用该模型公式和HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)再分析海表温、盐数据及MODIS-Aqua卫星观测的叶绿素a数据进行反演, 得到了时空分辨率为5'×5'的2004—2016年的逐月南海海表pCO2数据。该数据能较好地反映南海海表pCO2在海表温度影响下, 春夏高、秋冬低的季节变化特征, 与前人基于航次观测的研究结果相似, 表明反演模型具有较高的可信度。进一步分析发现, 南海及邻近海域平均海表pCO2具有显著的准十年振荡特征: 2012年附近出现了极小值, 之前表现为降低的趋势, 之后略有升高的趋势。受海表pCO2的影响, 南海海盆平均海-气CO2通量在2012年之前出现了显著降低的趋势, 表明南海释放到大气中的CO2减少, 并在2007年之后的冬季出现了负值(从碳源变为碳汇), 2012年之后变化较为平缓。热带太平洋年代际振荡引起的南海区域海表盐度变化是造成海表pCO2及海-气CO2通量准十年变化的主要原因。分区分析的结果表明, 南海北部海表pCO2变化最为显著, 在南海海表pCO2的季节和准十年变化中都起到非常重要的作用。 相似文献