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海洋蒸发波导是重要的军事敏感要素,严重影响着海上电磁波的传播。风向、风速是决定蒸发波导强弱的重要因素,为精确模拟蒸发波导条件下的电磁波传播,准确评估预报雷达、通信等电子设备的性能,文中利用抛物线方程模型,结合粗糙度参数和蒸发波导条件下大气修正折射指数廓线模型来求解电磁波波动方程,基于电磁波传播的数值模拟结果,重点研究蒸发波导条件下风速和风向对电磁波传播的影响。并得到如下结论:在同一传播距离处,风速越大,海面粗糙度越大,海面电磁波传播损耗就越大;当电磁波传播方向与风向夹角为0°时,其传播路径损耗远远大于在45°或90°条件下,即顺风条件下电磁波传播损耗大于侧风。 相似文献
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蒸发波导是一种特殊的大气波导,在其中传播的电磁波信号会被陷获在近海大气层中,实现超视距传播。受海表面温度、湿度、风速、微波频率等因素的影响,海洋蒸发波导环境中的微波传播特性起伏变化很大,规律十分复杂。以往的工作主要通过计算这些气象因素对蒸发波导条件下大气折射率剖面的影响来分析它们对路径损失的作用,其结果与实验数据仍有较大差异。本文在一定的蒸发波导条件下,利用一维分形海面模型产生海面“地形”,将其作为抛物方程电磁波传播模型的边界条件进行计算,得到相应的路径损失,并与传统计算方法进行对比,分析了不同蒸发波导高度、不同频率及不同接收天线高度时的数值模拟情况,可为舰艇通信系统或者雷达系统的设计提供相应的依据。 相似文献
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主要研究利用GPS掩星观测得到的大气垂直折射率分布梯度来计算考虑大气折射情况下的地球等效半径,从而根据雷达探测距离公式对雷达探测范围进行预计。从GPS掩星结果与雷达探测距离公式的联系入手,从原理上介绍了所提出方法的思路,并阐述了方法的可行性。 相似文献
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海上蒸发波导模式研究进展及面临的问题 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对流层中电磁波的反常传播可以导致错误的气象雷达测量,海洋上最常出现的反常传播现象是蒸发波导.本文重点介绍了迄今为止有重要影响的3个蒸发波导模式,美国的PJ模式、欧洲的MGB模式和最近发展的Babin模式.所有蒸发波导模式都是以莫宁-奥布霍夫(Monin-Obukhov)相似理论为基础,但是这些模式在相似理论应用上显著不同.通过相同条件下的对比实验表明,Babin模式使用了最近精确的整体相似表达式,并采用了小风速相似理论拓展技术和湿度的盐度订正技术,结果优于PJ模式和MGB模式. 相似文献
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电磁波在海上波导环境下传播特性的研究对提升舰载雷达探测性能有重大意义。通用的波导环境折射率模型是基于莫宁相似理论的5参数经验模型,其缺陷在于将折射率的水平结构看作是均匀的。本文运用的二维波导环境10参数模型克服了先前模型的缺陷,对实际波导环境有更近似的描述。最后运用基于离散傅里叶正弦变换的抛物方程方法具体分析了波导环境中折射率水平方向的变化对电波传播产生的影响,结果表明折射率水平变化会改变电磁波的空间场强分布,二维折射率模型更具实用价值。 相似文献
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Simultaneously obtainedX - andL -band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected during the Marineland Experiment were spectrally analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques to estimate ocean wavelength and direction. An eight-sided flight pattern was flown over the same ocean area in order to study the sensitivity of the spectral estimate on radar look direction. These spectral estimates were compared with in situ wave measurements made by a pitch-and-roll buoy. The comparison revealed that theX -band SAR detected all gravity waves independent of radar look direction, while theL -band SAR detected all range-traveling gravity waves but failed to detect waves in three of four cases in which the waves were traveling within 25° of the azimuth direction. The analysis also indicates that azimuth-traveling waves appear longer and more range-traveling in the SAR imagery than observed by in situ instrumentation. It is postulated that degraded azimuth resolution due to scatterer motion is responsible for these observations. 相似文献
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This paper derives the explicit expressions for the average intensity, beam width and angular spread of Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) beams with edge dislocation propagating through atmospheric turbulence along a slant path. The propagation of GSM beams with edge dislocation through horizontal atmospheric turbulence can be treated as a special case through a slant one. The propagation properties of GSM beams with edge dislocation through slant atmospheric turbulence are studied, where the influence of edge dislocation parameters including the slope p and off-axis distance d on the spreading of GSM beams with edge dislocation in atmospheric turbulence is stressed. It shows that the spreading of the intensity profile of GSM beams with edge dislocation along a slant path is smaller than that along a horizontal path in the long-distance atmospheric propagation. The larger the slope vert pvert and the smaller the off-axis distance vert dvert are, the less the beam-width spreading and angular spread of GSM beams with edge dislocation are affected by turbulence. The GSM beams with edge dislocation is less affected by turbulence than that of GSM beams without edge dislocation. The results are illustrated numerically and their validity is interpreted physically. 相似文献
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基于相参X-波段海洋雷达的海表轮廓测量研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
X-波段海洋雷达测量所得海面散射单元的多普勒信息与散射单元的雷达视向速度密切相关。首先,基于符号多普勒估计方法,对X-波段雷达海面回波的多普勒频移信息进行了估计;在此基础上,应用各分辨单元回波的多普勒频移信息,建立了海浪表面轮廓的反演算法。该算法中,同时考虑了雷达入射角、方位角和雷达空间分辨率等因素对反演结果的影响。通过将反演结果与浮标测量数据相比较,发现雷达空间分辨率起到了类似低通滤波的作用,该作用对短重力波谱影响显著。同时,还应用加拿大麦克马斯特大学的IPIX雷达数据对海表轮廓进行了反演,并将反演所得有效波高、海浪周期与现场测量数据进行了比较,反演结果与现场测量结果吻合较好。 相似文献
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A. Ya. Matveev A. A. Kubryakov A. G. Boev D. M. Bychkov V. K. Ivanov S. V. Stanichny V. N. Tsymbal 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(9):940-950
The possibilities of a multiangle method of radar diagnostics to determine thickness of an oil film on a sea surface by comparing the radar data with the quantitative modeling results obtained using the model of oil spreading dynamics are analyzed. The experimental results of the remote sensing of the Caspian Sea water area near the Neftyanye Kamni oil field by the Envisat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and the new Floating Objects Tracking System (FOTS) model of oil spreading are used for the analysis. The model allows to calculate the dynamics and change in the mass and size of an oil slick basing only on the available data of satellite measurements and atmospheric reanalysis.The model takes into account the main processes that influence the slick formation (gravity spreading, advective transport, dispersion, emulsification, turbulent mixing, and evaporation). This model is used to calculate the thickness evolution and dynamics of the displacement of oil slicks in the period between two consecutive radar images of this region (0.5–4 days) and to estimate the volumes of oil spilled in the field. The good consistence of the height of the oil film calculated using radar measurements and the modeling results confirms the method’s reliability. 相似文献
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A semiempirical algorithm for SAR wave height retrieval and its validation using Envisat ASAR wave mode data 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Many synthetic aperture radar(SAR) wave height retrieval algorithms have been developed.However,the wave height retrievals from most existing methods either depend on other input as the first guess or are restricted to the long wave regime.A semiempirical algorithm is presented,which has the objective to estimate the wave height from SAR imagery without any prior knowledge.The proposed novel algorithm was developed based on the theoretical SAR ocean wave imaging mechanism and the empirical relation between two types of wave period.The dependency of the proposed model on radar incident and wave direction was analyzed.For Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar(ASAR) wave mode data,the model can be reduced to the simple form with two input parameters,i.e.,the cutoff wavelength and peak wavelength of ocean wave,which can be retrieved from SAR imagery without any prior knowledge of wind or wave.Using Envisat ASAR wave mode data and the collocated buoy measurements from NDBC,the semiempirical algorithm is validated and compared with the Envisat ASAR level 2 products.The root-mean-square-error(RMSE) and scatter index(SI) in respect to the in situ measurements are 0.52 m and 19% respectively.Validation results indicate that,for Envisat ASAR wave mode data,the proposed method works well. 相似文献
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海上作战一旦遇到大气波导,可使船载电子信息系统之间的短波通信距离增大数倍,同时通信距离范围内的部分区域会出现电磁盲区。该文以海上战场环境为背景,阐述了海上大气波导对未来海上作战的重要性。通过对大气波导的形成机制和影响机理进行研究,系统化概括了蒸发波导、表面波导和抬升波导的观测原理及常用观测方法。通过对比分析传统大气波导的观测方法,发现其在观测手段、观测精度、观测范围和观测成本方面存在局限性。基于此,该文提出一种多物理场协同探测的大气波导观测方法,该方法通过集合海上浮标网、船联网、星联网和岸基网等各类观测仪器和设备,可实时获取海上大气参数,构建海上大气波导预报系统。最终,通过该预报系统可实现海上大气波导大范围、高精度、实时性预报,对海上作战掌握制空权具有重要意义。 相似文献
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A method is proposed to study the transport of a passive additive in the atmospheric surface layer with the use of the atmospheric transfer function. This method makes it possible to estimate the spatial distribution of the concentration of a passive additive in the atmospheric surface layer from the additive’s surface source without experimentally determining the vertical profile of the transport coefficient or without resorting to various hypotheses for the character of its behavior. The transfer function, which contains the information on the wind-field structure, can be obtained from simple one-point measurements of surface-and air-temperature fluctuations and from subsequent spectral processing of the data. The effects of the wind-velocity profile and turbulence on the spatial distribution of additive concentration are assessed. This method allows one to simplify experiments during development and verification of the models of atmospheric diffusion. This method may also be useful in emergency situations to predict the propagation of hazardous additives. 相似文献
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C. F. de Valk 《Coastal Engineering》1999,37(3-4)
HF radar systems are designed to measure spatially variable sea surface currents. A methodology was developed to complement these data with information about the current variability over the water column in a stratified shallow sea. Current profiles were estimated using a diagnostic model driven by surface current measurements from an HF radar system and by sea surface slopes derived from tide gauge data. The structure of the model has a physical basis but its parameters were derived from an analysis of in-situ current profile measurements. Application of the model to HF radar data from the SCAWVEX Rhine outflow experiment showed fair agreement with in-situ current data. As applications, estimation and tidal analysis of current fields are demonstrated. 相似文献
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应用探地雷达方法对海南岛博鳌海岸沙坝的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
了解海岸沙坝的内部结构对于动态地恢复海岸沙坝与海平面变化的相互关系具有重要的意义，探地雷达（GPR）为海岸沙坝的研究提供了一种快速、经济和高分辨率的地球物理方法；探地雷达利用高频电磁波在介电特性不均匀的沉积体中产生反射获得图像，通过解译可确定地下沉积体的性质和结构；在海南岛东部博鳌玉带滩海岸沙坝的近口门处、决口堤处和南岗村东侧玉带滩海岸沙坝顶部进行了探地雷达反射剖面的测量；研究结果表明自然堆积的沙体反射波连续，受风暴浪改造的沙体同相轴错断，反射波杂乱不连续，无法进行对比；运用探地雷达相分析方法并结合钻孔资料，认为5－6m以上的平行反射波形可能代表中细砂沉积，以下的丘状或杂乱反射波形可能代表中粗砂沉积，并显示砂砾或细小卵砾等粗颗粒含量的增加。 相似文献
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蒸发波导现象显著影响海上电磁波传播,快速获取大范围精确的修正折射率参数成为了蒸发波导研究热点。文中分析了现有的蒸发波导预测模型,对其中的经典模型进行了仿真,对比不同模型的仿真结果,总结了模型方法预测波导高度及修正折射率廓线的不足。然后从硬件角度出发对比现有蒸发波导测量系统原理、测量精度及适用条件,分析测量系统引入的误差源进而给出了不同测量系统的改进方向,总结出修正折射率廓线测量系统应具备的测量精度及数据条件。最后通过方法间对比及蒸发波导实测数据的应用过程分析,对不同方法未来的研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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Oceanic pycnocline depth retrieval from SAR imagery in the existence of solitary internal waves 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Oceanic pycnocline depth is usually inferred from in situ measurements. It is attempted to estimate the depth remotely. As solitary internal waves occur on oceanic pycnocline and propagate along it, it is possible to retrieve the depth indirectly in virtue of the solitary internal waves. A numerical model is presented for retrieving the pycnocline depth from synthetic aperture radar （SAR） images where the solitary internal waves are visible and when ocean waters are fully stratified. This numerical model is constructed by combining the solitary internal wave model and a two-layer ocean model. It is also assumed that the observed groups of solitary internal wave packets on the SAR imagery are generated by local semidiurnal tides. A case study in the East China Sea shows a good agreement with in situ CTD （conductivity-temperature-depth） data. 相似文献
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蒸发波导是海上大气波导中发生概率最高、对海上舰艇和岸基雷达探测系统影响最大的一种波导类型,研究意义重大。本文搭建了一种基于NPS诊断模型的新型蒸发波导数值预报模式,对我国南海海域2014年11月1~5日的5 d海上蒸发波导分别进行了数值模拟。利用数值模拟数据与岸基铁塔实测数据分别绘制蒸发波导高度随时间的变化曲线,并进行误差分析,显示模拟结果与实测结果变化规律基本一致,统计计算这5 d的蒸发波导高度平均误差为1.289 m。这表明了本模式的可行性及其存在的模拟偏差。此外,利用本预报模式对南海海域2011年整年的蒸发波导进行了数值模拟,得到了12个月的蒸发波导时空分布特征,分析总结的规律与其它文献的研究结论基本一致。 相似文献