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随机抽取3月龄脉红螺稚螺103粒,开展其表型性状对体质量性状影响分析,以期为脉红螺人工选择育种提供较好的测度指标。实验测量了脉红螺壳长（X1）、壳宽（X2）、壳厚（X3）、壳口长（X4）、壳口宽（X5）等5种表型性状和体质量性状（Y）,运用相关性分析、多元回归分析、通径分析及决定系数分析等方法分析了表型性状对体质量性状的影响。结果表明,脉红螺各性状间的相关性均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）,拟合的多元线性方程为Y=-18.484 4+0.348 35X1+0.463 79X2,经自助法检验,在95%置信区间条件下,该方程决定系数（R2）范围为0.863 5~0.939 4,拟合度较好;壳长和壳宽对体质量的决定系数之和大于0.85,是最适宜用来预测体质量性状的两个表型性状指标。本研究成功分析出对脉红螺体质量直接影响作用最强的表型性状,为脉红螺选择育种理想测度指标的挑选提供了依据。 相似文献
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为研究硬壳蛤形态性状对体质量(Y)、软体质量(Y1)及肥满度(K)的影响,测量硬壳蛤的壳长(X1)、壳宽(X2)、壳高(X3)、体质量(Y)和软体质量(Y1)等指标,并进行相关性分析、多元回归分析和通径分析。结果表明:体质量变异系数最高,壳宽与体质量相关系数最高(0.970)、壳长与软体质量相关系数最高(0.946)、壳长与肥满度相关系数最高(0.203)。壳宽对体质量直接作用最大(0.145)、壳长对软体质量直接作用最大(1.113)、壳长对肥满度直接作用最大(1.752)。形态性状与体质量、软体质量及肥满度的多元回归方程分别为Y=–46.359+0.288X1+1.723X2+0.640X3,R2=0.949;Y1=–6.607+0.301X1+0.157X2–0.161X3,R2=0.901;K=3.159+0.173X1+0.008X2–0.179X3,R2=0.072。壳宽是影响硬壳蛤体质量的主要因素,壳长是影响硬壳蛤软体质量的主要因素,各性状与肥满度回归关系不显著,个体间肥满度差异大。研究结果可为硬壳蛤选育及苗种繁育提供参考。 相似文献
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壳色是影响商品贝类经济价值的重要性状。本研究以不同壳色的硬壳蛤（Mercenaria mercenaria）群体为繁殖亲贝，采用个体间随机交配的方法，成功选育了白、红和杂3种壳色的子代群体，并在池塘培育至360日时测量了其壳长（X1）、壳高（X2）、壳宽（X3）及活体质量（Y），并使用相关性分析、主成分分析和通径分析等方法，探究了不同壳色硬壳蛤在幼虫期和稚贝期的生长性状差异及壳形态性状（壳长、壳高、壳宽）对活体质量的影响。研究结果表明：在幼虫期，与白色和红色群体相比，杂色群体生长速度更快、变态率更高，但存活率低（P<0.05）；在稚贝期，白色群体表现出显著的生长优势（P<0.05）。相关性分析结果显示，3种壳色硬壳蛤的壳形态性状（X1、X2、X3）与活体质量（Y）的相关系数均达极显著水平（P<0.01）。主成分分析和通径分析结果表明，硬壳蛤的壳长（X1）是影响其活体质量（Y）的主要因素。本研究结果能够为不同壳色硬壳蛤良种选育提供重要理论依据和基础数据。 相似文献
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逐步线性回归法实现中华虎头蟹(Orithyia sinica) 形态指标与体重的通径分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨中华虎头蟹(Orithyia sinica)形态指标与体重的关系, 为良种选育提供最佳的测量指 标, 实验以中华虎头蟹为材料, 测量甲宽、甲长、眼间距、侧齿间距、大螯不动指长、大螯宽、步足 长节长、体高、体重等26 个指标, 借助逐步线性回归、相关分析和通径分析等方法, 分析形态指标 与体重的关系。结果表明, 除第Ⅳ侧齿间距(A8)外, 实验所测形态指标与体重的相关系数均达到了显 著水平(P<0.05); 采用逐步线性回归的方法建立了多元回归方程Y=-273.841+10.4X1+2.867X2, 其中 Y 为体重(g), X1 为右大螯宽(mm), X2 为第Ⅱ侧齿间距(mm), 定量分析了形态指标对体重的影响结果。 相似文献
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水产养殖动物的增重机制既是其生存对策的重要组成部分,也是影响其生长性能和养殖产量的重要内因。异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)是我国的重要养殖鱼类,随机选取池塘生态主养模式(M1)和池塘生态套养模式(M2)下经7个月养殖的异育银鲫夏花苗种各70尾为研究对象,以全长(X1)、体高(X2)、体宽(X3)、头长(X4)、侧线长(X5)、尾柄高(X6)、腹鳍间距(X7)、胸鳍间距(X8)为体尺性状,净体质量(NW)、肠质量(W1)、肝质量(W2)、胃质量(W3)、鳃质量(W4)、心质量(W5)和鳔质量(W6)为称量性状,采用多元分析方法分别研究了M1、M2实验群体尺寸性状和称量性状对其体质量(BW)的影响效应。结果表明: (1)生物学测定结果显示, CV值大于10%的均为质量性状,小于10%的均为体尺性状,除NW、X1、X5和X6均呈M1<M2 (P<0.05), X4和各脏器质量均呈M1>M2 (P<0.05)外,其余性状间均无显著差异(P>0.05); (2)相关分析显示,除W5与BW间相关系数均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)外,其余性状与BW间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01); (3)经通径分析和复相关分析, M1、M2被保留体尺性状组合X5-X1-X2和X2-X3-X1-X5的总决定系数和复相关指数均分别为0.889和0.927,称量性状组合NW-W2-W1-W3和NW-W2的总决定系数和复相关指数均分别为0.992和0.971; (4)经偏回归分析,得到了可用于估算BW的M1最优方程组和M2最优方程组。研究结果可为我国异育银鲫科学养殖提供有效参考。 相似文献
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探究影响水产养殖动物体质量的关键生物学表型性状组合,进而揭示其体质量增长对策,对指导水产养殖动物的种质甄别与科学养殖具重要现实意义。随机选取象山西沪港海域板式网箱内养殖3个月的褐菖鲉幼鱼同生群个体60尾为研究对象,以全长(X1)、体长(X2)、体宽(X3)、体高(X4)、头宽(X5)、侧线长(X6)、尾柄高(X7)、体质量(BW)、净体质量(NW)、内脏质量(W1)、肠质量(W2)、肝质量(W3)、胃质量(W4)、鳃质量(W5)、心质量(W6)为生物学测定指标,采用多元分析方法定量研究了体尺性状和称量性状对体质量的影响效应。结果表明:(1)经统计,所涉称量性状测定值较体尺性状更显离散,两者变异系数的波动范围分别为38.27%~89.86%和13.86%~17.78%,排序分别为W4>W1>W6>W2>W5>W3>NW>BW和X3>X4>X6>X5>X2>X7>X1;经计算,消化脏器与内脏间的质量比呈W3>W4>W2 (P<0.05);(2)相关分析显示,所涉体尺性状和称量性状均与BW呈极显著相关(P<0.01),两者相关系数波动范围分别为0.414~0.990和0.899~0.961,排序分别为NW>W3>W1>W6>W5>W2>W4和X1>X4>X2>X5>X6>X3>X7;(3)经通径分析,被保留的称量性状组合和体尺性状组合的直接作用排序分别为NW>W3>W2>W4>W6和X4>X5>X6>X7;经决定程度分析和复相关分析,称量性状组合对BW的总决定系数和复相关指数均为0.989,体尺性状组合则均为0.961;(4)经偏回归分析,分别获得了基于称量性状组合和体尺性状组合的BW估算方程。研究结果可为褐菖鲉速生型种质遴选与科学养殖提供参考。 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾净肉质量的影响因素分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选择5月龄凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)1 200尾,测定净肉质量、去头质量、全长、体长、第一腹节背高、第三腹节背高、第一腹节背宽和头胸甲长共8个性状,采用相关分析和通径分析的方法,计算了以形态性状和去头质量为自变量对净肉质量作依变量的通径系数、决定系数及相关指数,定量地分析了形态性状和去头质量对净肉质量的影响效果。研究表明,凡纳滨对虾6个形态性状和去头质量与净肉质量的相关系数除头胸甲长外均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);所选性状与净肉质量的复相关指数R2=0.958;多元回归分析建立了去头质量、全长、头胸甲长对净肉质量的回归方程,为对虾的良种选育提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)形态性状与净肉重和出肉率的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)表型性状与净肉重、出肉率的关系,本研究以5月龄的650尾凡纳滨对虾为材料,测量了全长、体长、头胸甲和各体节的长宽高等24个表型性状,根据体重、净肉重计算出肉率,通过相关分析、逐步回归分析和通径分析,计算了各性状间的相关系数、通径系数和决定系数,分析了24个表型性状与净肉重和出肉率的关系。结果表明,相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01);通过逐步回归分析建立了以净肉重为因变量,13个性状为自变量的回归方程;同时建立了以出肉率为因变量,9个性状为自变量的回归方程。通径分析结果显示,体长对净肉重的直接影响最大,其次是第3腹节长和第1腹节宽;对出肉率的正向直接影响最大的是体长,其次是第2腹节高和第3腹节长,头胸甲长、宽、高以及尾节长与出肉率呈明显负相关。决定系数分析结果与通径分析结论基本一致,在所分析的24个形态性状中,体长和第3腹节长与净肉重和出肉率密切相关。在实际生产中,可以通过测量体长和第3腹节长等形态性状间接实现对净肉重、出肉率的选择,选育优良品种。 相似文献
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为研究紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)体尺性状和体质量性状对足丝性状的影响, 作者选取山东省青岛市即墨养殖区的紫贻贝为研究对象, 分别测量壳长、壳宽、壳高等3个体尺性状, 全湿质量、软体质量2个体质量性状以及足丝直径和足丝茎直径2个足丝性状, 通过相关性分析、多元回归分析和通径分析等方法分别研究了体尺性状和体质量性状对足丝性状的影响。结果显示: 所有性状间相关系数为0.678~0.892, 性状间相关性达到极显著水平(P < 0.01); 多元回归和通径分析结果显示, 壳高和全湿质量分别对足丝性状的影响最大, 壳高对足丝性状通径系数分别为0.515和0.508, 全湿质量对足丝性状分别为0.417和0.520; 建立了体尺性状、体质量性状对足丝直径和足丝茎直径的回归方程。 相似文献
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为了研究长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)二倍体和三倍体壳体性状对体质量的影响,随机选取养殖20月龄的二倍体和三倍体个体各75个,分别测量它们的壳体性状(壳高、壳长和壳宽)和体质量(全湿重和软体重),并进行多元回归和通径分析。结果显示,二倍体和三倍体的软体重变异系数都最高,绝大多数性状间的相关性达到了显著水平(P<0.05),全湿重和软体重的相关性较高分别为0.866和0.675;多元回归分析结果显示,壳长、壳高和壳宽对二倍体长牡蛎全湿重的影响相当,其中壳高最大,直接作用系数为0.474,对软体重影响最大的是全湿重,直接作用系数高达0.780;壳宽对三倍体长牡蛎全湿重的影响最大,直接作用系数为0.471,壳高和湿重对软体重的直接作用系数分别为0.348和0.367;对长牡蛎二倍体和三倍体全湿重和软体重分别进行回归,结果显示其r2值均小于0.85,说明存在对质量性状影响较大的其他因素。本研究为不同倍性长牡蛎的比较研究提供了数据支持。 相似文献
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经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。 相似文献
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为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。 相似文献
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Eight ophiuroid species, six from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak and three from the northern Adriatic Sea, were examined for regeneration of arms. The species were separated into groups based upon mode of feeding and habitat. Comparison between groups collected in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak showed that infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding species (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei) had significantly more scars per arm (mean number 0.78) than epibenthic suspension feeders (Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra, 0.29) or epibenthic carnivores and deposit feeders (Ophiura ophiura and O. albida, 0.13). Spatial variation in arm regeneration incidence was found between sampling sites in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak for Amphiura filiformis and in the northern Adriatic Sea for Ophiothrix quinquemaculata. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) and nitrogen (N) contents were measured in arms of six species of brittle-stars from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak. Differences between species were found, with highest concentrations of AFDW and N in Amphiura filiformis, intermediate in A. chiajei, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis, and lowest in Ophiura ophiura and O. albida. As the infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding brittle-stars (Amphiura spp.) had the highest proportions of damaged arms and highest AFDW and N contents in their arms in this comparison, it is suggested that selective cropping of arms by demersal fish is the main cause of arm damage on Amphiura spp. in this area. 相似文献
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向水体中添加不同浓度的短小芽孢杆菌CGMCC1004（Bacillus pumilus）和胶红酵母菌CGMCC1013（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa）以研究凡纳滨对虾（Litoenaeus vapznamei）体长、体质量、存活率、胃蛋白酶、肝胰腺淀粉酶和肝胰腺脂肪酶的影响，以及需钠弧菌（Vibrio natriegens）的感染效果。结果表明：向水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能提高对虾体长、存活率，但结果不显著，但对体质量增长率具有显著提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌对提高需钠弧菌感染后对虾成活率有一定的提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能显著提高胃蛋白酶活性，但是对肝胰腺淀粉酶活性有一定抑制作用；添加复合菌剂比添加单一菌种的作用要好；亦证明了向水体中添加细菌的方式对凡纳滨对虾的体长、体质量、存活率以及水质指标影响比较小，但是对消化酶具有一定的提高作用。 相似文献
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Four species in the genus Navicula were isolated using the serial dilution method. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and sequence comparisons of two segments of genes(small ribosomal subunit and large subunit of Rubisco), the species were identified as Navicula perminuta, N. pseudacceptata, N. vara, and N. rhynchocephala. Based on phylogenetic analysis and culture trials, there was a close relationship between N. perminuta and N. vara. Growth of these species was evaluated using measurements of optical density at 680 nm(OD680) under various environmental factors. Results showed that the optimum culture conditions were 25℃, 50–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, pH 8.0, and salinities from 25 to 30. However, the favorable salinity for N. perminuta was surprisingly high at 35. Nutrient requirement analysis demonstrated that growth of Navicula depended on the availability of SiO32-. Their relative growth rates(RGR) peaked at the highest tested level(0.25 mmol/L). The optimal concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were 3.6 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L, respectively. Culture of these Navicula species for abalone or sea cucumber aquaculture should take these factors into consideration. 相似文献
18.
In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses. 相似文献
19.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
20.
Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献