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苏北新洋港潮滩柱状沉积物粒度分布特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对江苏省新洋港柱状样的粒度参数及典型粒度频率曲线分析,结合柱样剖面颜色变化情况,对柱状样进行不同演化阶段粒度信息的提取,运用粒径-标准偏差进行环境敏感性分析,以了解影响潮滩沉积物分布的动力特征.结果显示,光滩柱样呈现了由光滩-大米草滩-光滩逐渐演化的粒度变化信息,而互花米草滩、盐蒿滩和盐蒿互花米草混合滩柱样分别记录了大米草滩-互花米草滩、盐蒿滩-大米草滩-盐蒿滩,以及盐蒿滩-大米草滩-盐蒿互花米草混合滩演化的粒度信息,水动力条件的差异与变化导致沉积物水平方向上自光滩-互花米草滩-盐蒿滩逐渐变细,芦苇滩成为独立的系统,基本不受到潮水动力作用的影响,沉积结构十分稳定,植被的引种加剧了潮滩沉积物水平分布的变化,光滩、互花米草滩、盐蒿互花米草混合滩、盐蒿滩的沉积速率分别为2.34、≥3.09、2.45和2.09 cm/a. 相似文献
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互花米草对江苏潮滩沉积和地貌演化的影响 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
江苏潮滩面积大,岸滩冲淤动态变化复杂.人工引种互花米草对江苏海岸潮滩沉积地貌演化有较大影响,主要体现在影响潮滩沉积速率、物质分布及潮水沟地貌系统的发育等方面.根据定点站位不同年代的高程数据,分析Pethick-Allen模型在江苏潮滩盐沼的适用性;在现场采集柱状样并在室内进行137Cs分析,根据分析结果及前人研究结果,利用P-A模型分析计算江苏潮滩不同时期的沉积速率,结果表明互花米草的引种加快了潮滩沉积速率,它使潮滩沉积地貌演化脱离了原来的渐进函数关系.在选择的典型断面上采集表层底质样,在激光粒度仪上进行粒度分析,结果表明,互花米草易使细颗粒沉积物沉积,大米草滩和盐蒿滩表层沉积物主要来自潮水沟输送.根据野外调查并结合遥感分析,互花米草滩内潮水沟宽深比小,密度大,水道稳定,有别于光滩或大米草滩的潮水沟形态. 相似文献
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江苏盐城自然保护区核心区环境动态的遥感分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
根据江苏盐城自然保护区核心区两个时相陆地卫星影像资料的分析和对比,研究了 10 a 内核心区的植被演替、人工开发及潮沟系统演化,探讨自然及人为因素对整个原生湿地生态系统的影响.分析结果表明,互花米草滩的面积 10 a 间扩展了 10 倍以上,而作为珍禽的主要栖息地的盐蒿滩、草滩和芦苇滩的面积 10 a 内均有所下降,其中草滩面积的下降尤为明显.10 a 间芦苇田和水禽湖这两种人工湿地的面积增长显著.潮沟系统呈减少和萎缩趋势,在一定程度上是海岸开发活动和互花米草盐沼扩展的结果.保护区核心区的原生生态系统已有退化迹象,珍禽的原生栖息地的面积有所下降,因此建议保护区将工作重点放在保护和重建原生湿地上. 相似文献
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为探讨互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵对我国沿海生态系统的影响,采用静态采样箱法,研究了互花米草入侵滩涂和临近未入侵滩涂在二甲基硫(DMS)、氧化亚氮(N2O)气体通量上的差异及其相关因素.结果显示,互花米草滩DMS和N2O释放量均显著高于临近光滩、盐蒿滩和芦苇滩.该两种气体释放量同植被地下生物量、总生物量以及土壤有效氮含量均呈显著正相关,DMS气体通量还与植被地上生物量有关,但两种气体通量与土壤有机质含量均无直接相关性.研究说明互花米草生物入侵不仅改变了生态系统结构,还能通过改变区域温室气体排放通量进而影响到全球气候变化. 相似文献
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苏北潮滩不同生态带沉积物分布特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用2004年1月3日在江苏盐城珍禽国家级自然保护区核心区新洋港采集到的表层和柱状沉积物样品,采用矩值法对该潮滩沉积物粒度和粒度参数进行了分析和计算,并对潮滩沉积物的水平和垂向分布特征以及不同植被对沉积物分布的影响进行了研究,结果表明:(1)自海向陆,光滩、互花米草滩、互花米草盐蒿混合滩、盐蒿滩和芦苇地5个亚带中,光滩沉积物的粒径明显较其它4个亚带处的粒径大,在接近互花米草滩时沉积物的粒径迅速变小,而互花米草滩等其它4个亚带处的沉积物粒径则变化不大。较低部位光滩沉积物的频率分布曲线呈不明显双峰分布,而较高部位的光滩及其它生态带内的沉积物频率分布曲线均为单峰,显示出物源较为单一的特点。(2)沉积物自海向陆粒度特征的变化规律反映了潮滩水动力条件对沉积物分布的影响,尤其是反映了盐沼植物在潮滩的发育过程中所起的重要作用。(3)周期性变化的潮动力作用、潮流不对称作用、植被以及潮滩不同部位淤积演化差异的影响造成了潮滩不同部位沉积物敏感组分粒度垂向变化的差异。 相似文献
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盐沼植被对江苏盐城湿地生态系统有机质贡献的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用稳定同位素技术，借助两种不同的计算模型，对原生湿地的沉积物有机质来源进行了潜在物源分析，并计算了盐沼植被对其生态系统有机质的贡献。通过多元线性混合模型和欧几里德距离模型计算得知，在假定微体藻类的δ13C值为-23‰的情况下，微体藻类、互花米草是盐沼湿地生态系统的主要贡献体。其中微体藻类的平均贡献量可达40%，是苏北盐沼湿地生态系统有机质来源的主要贡献者；互花米草植被对互花米草滩的有机质贡献率达56%，对滩外的潮间带水体的有机质贡献率可达57%，在滨海湿地生态系统中占有重要地位。两种定量计算模型比较分析发现，欧几里德距离模型会对偶然性物源的贡献计算结果偏高，高贡献率的物源有平均化的趋势。 相似文献
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互花米草对泉州湾盐沼表层沉积物输运的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海岸盐沼是海岸湿地系统的重要组成部分，具有很强的环境调节功能．互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）的引种对海岸盐沼的沉积动力产生很大影响．粒度分析结果表明，互花米草盐沼边缘与沉积物平均粒径为6．7φ的等值线分布一致．现场观测表明，互花米草对流速具有明显的阻滞作用，使得光滩流速明显大于互花米草内的流速；在互花米草滩内，随着离盐沼边缘距离、植被高度、植株直径的不同，涨落潮流速也表现出不同的变化趋势．粒径趋势分析结果显示，互花米草盐沼边缘的表层沉积物由光滩向盐沼内输运，潮水沟的存在对沉积物的输运格局具有显著影响．对比分析表明落潮后期的水动力条件控制着研究区内表层沉积物的净输运方向． 相似文献
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江苏沿海互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)盐沼的形成过程 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20
选取江苏沿海的3个典型岸段，在2000-2001年进行了野外地貌沉积及植被调查，并进行了地形高程测量；选用了1985-2001年间7个时相的TM卫星影像资料，追踪了江苏互花米草盐沼形成的过程。结果表明，在移栽后的5-6年内，互花米草植被扩散缓慢，主要为立地扎根，走茎蔓延。在TM影像可以计量的规模上，互花米草植被在裸滩上的扩散可以分为三个阶段：第一阶段为1993-1996年，随着面积逐渐增大，草仔数量明显增加，年扩展率逐渐扩大，到1996年，平均年扩展率已达30％。第二阶段为1996-1999年的3年间，互花米草人工盐沼的面积迅速扩大，年扩展率平均为43％。第三阶段为1999年以后，平均年扩展率迅速减小，为10％，预计还要减缓，最后，待原有潮滩生态位长满后，与滩涂自然淤长速率相应。 相似文献
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互花米草作为黄河三角洲外来入侵物种, 2010年开始爆发式蔓延, 2020年面积最大时可超6 000 hm2,对潮间带生物多样性造成了严重影响。自2020年起,黄河三角洲自然保护区开始大规模的互花米草整治与盐地碱蓬生态修复工作。互花米草具有较强的消浪、缓流、促淤、固滩能力,短期内、大范围的植被去除,可能导致波流和沉积动力环境的突变。基于现场观测数据和考虑植被作用的浪、流、沙耦合数值模型,研究分析了互花米草整治和盐地碱蓬修复对黄河三角洲湿地动力过程的影响,重点关注风暴作用下黄河三角洲潮滩湿地的防灾减灾能力和沉积效应变化。研究结果表明,互花米草可有效抵御极端风暴潮,最大风暴潮位衰减率可达15 cm/km。互花米草整治将导致湿地防灾减灾能力显著下降,堤前风暴潮峰值可抬升10～30 cm,同时潮间带的泥沙捕集能力大幅下降。受限于植被密度、高度,盐地碱蓬完全修复后湿地衰减风暴潮、捕集泥沙的能力显著低于原互花米草湿地。研究建议,互花米草整治工程应考虑短期内植被去除导致的近岸风暴潮抬升、侵蚀加剧等潜在风险。 相似文献
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为探讨互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)入侵对三沙湾光滩、红树林湿地的生态影响,分别于2013年10月和2014年9月在三沙湾选择了2条互花米草断面、2条红树林断面和1条光滩进行底栖生物生态调查,分析了大型底栖动物群落分布的时空差异、底栖动物与环境因子之间的关系。经鉴定,该调查海域大型底栖动物共68种,隶属于7门40科,其中短拟沼螺(Assiminea brevicula)为互花米草区优势物种;宁波泥蟹(Ilyoplaxningpoensis)为光滩的优势物种;巴林虫(Barantollasp.)为红树林区优势物种。对各生境大型底栖动物物种数、生物量和栖息密度组成进行双因素无重复方差分析(two-way ANOVA),结果显示不同生境大型底栖动物物种数差异极显著(P0.01),互花米草入侵红树林后,大型底栖动物物种数稍有下降,但是互花米草入侵光滩后,大型底栖动物物种数有所增加;不同生境大型底栖动物生物量差异极显著(P0.01),栖息密度差异不显著(P0.05)。利用大型底栖动物的ABC曲线分析群落结构的稳定性,显示光滩群落结构稳定,互花米草入侵后,优势物种变化显著,双齿围沙蚕数量迅速增加,降低了原有大型底栖动物群落结构的稳定性。除生境影响外,互花米草入侵的潮位区域、生长密度差异、入侵阶段等也均会对大型底栖动物造成影响。 相似文献
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Impact of the cord-grass Spartina alterniflora on sedimentary and morphological evolution of tidal salt marshes on the Jiangsu coast, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1Introduction Asanimportantcomponentofthecoastalsys tem,tidalflatsareformedbytidalactionunderthe conditionofabundantfine grainedsedimentsupply;theybecomeafocusofthestudyonland oceaninter actioninthecoastalzonebecausetheseareasare subjectedtointensehumanac… 相似文献
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Coastal salt marshes represent an important coastal wetland system.In order to understand the differences between boundary layer parameters of vegetated and unvegetated areas,as well as the mechanisms of sediment transport,several electromagnetic current meters (AEM HR,products of Alec Electronics Co.Ltd.) were deployed in coastal wetlands in Quanzhou Bay,China,to measure current velocity.During the low tide phase,the surficial sediment was collected at 10 m intervals.In situ measurements show that the current velocities on the bare flat were much higher than those in the Spartina alterniflora marsh.Current velocity also varied with distance from marsh edge and plant canopy height and diameter.Around 63% of the velocity profiles in the tidal creek can be described by a logarithmic equation.Over the bare flat and Spartina alterniflora marsh,a logarithmic profile almost occurs during the flood tide phase.Sediment analysis shows that mean grain size was 6.7 Φ along the marsh edge,and surface sediments were transported from bare flat to marsh;the tidal creeks may change this sediment transport pattern.The hydrodynamics at early flood tide and late ebb tide phases determined the net transport direction within the study area. 相似文献
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Artificially introduced cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, rapidly colonized the intertidal flats of the Jiangsu coast, eastern China. The epibenthos on an intertidal flat invaded by S. alterniflora were studied, to identify how local epibenthos species react to an altered environment. Epibenthic samples and surficial sediment samples were collected along a shore-normal profile in 50 quadrats at ten stations across the Spartina salt marsh; and five control quadrats for a station located on the barren sandy-mud flat. The grain size parameters of the surficial sediments show that S. alterniflora altered the grain size gradient along the profile of the intertidal zone by trapping fine-grained sediments. Spartina alterniflora could inhabit lower elevations than indigenous salt marsh vegetation, thus creating larger areas of finer surficial sediments, which was suitable for not only native epibenthic species but also species which do not exist on the barren sandy-mud flat. Correlation analyses show that the epibenthos were sensitive to sediment grain size and type, on the invaded S. alterniflora salt marsh. Further, there was an interspecific relationship affecting the distribution of epibenthos. The results show that epibenthos preferred ecological niches, within the Spartina salt marsh, even in the same sampling station. 相似文献
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Cord grass colonization on the Jiangsu coast, eastern China, modifies the native salt marshes in terms of ecosystem structure. The Landsat TM images from 1992 to 2003 were analyzed to identify salt-marsh vegetation distribution patterns and their changes over this coastal region, in order to evaluate the effects of the spreading of the artificially introduced halophyte Spartina. Supervised classification was performed using Bands 3, 4 and 5 in conjunction with in situ training samples, to derive the distribution pattern of the vegetation in the study area. Further, in order to identify the intertidal areas with different tidal elevations, a data treatment procedure was designed to combine regional water level data using harmonic analysis with the waterlines on the TM images extracted by density slice. The results show that: (1) the Spartina alterniflora area has been expanding towards the sea rapidly since it was introduced, especially at initial stages; (2) in the upper part of the inter-tidal zone, the local marsh plant Suaeda salsa and the exotic species Spartina anglica were present only near the sea dyke, occupying only a small part of the entire salt marsh, and the area of these two species has been reduced by land reclamation; (3) there has been a trend for Spartina alterniflora to become the dominant species in the salt marshes in the study area; and (4) the elevation of Spartina alterniflora’s seaward fringe was close to mean high water on neaps, and its landward boundary was slightly higher than mean high water. The salt marsh environment of the study area has been modified rapidly by the Spartina vegetation for the last 12 years. 相似文献
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Effect of environmental conditions on variation in the sediment-water interface created by complex macrofaunal burrows on a tidal flat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We quantified the increase in the sediment-water interface created by the burrowing activities of the resident macrofaunal community and its variation with respect to the physical conditions of the habitat on a tidal fat. We investigated environmental factors and dimensions of macrofaunal burrows with respect to tidal height and vegetation during spring and summer at three sites. A resin-casting method was used to quantify the dimensions of all burrows at each site. The dimensions of macrofaunal burrows varied both temporally and spatially and the increase in the sediment-water interface reached a maximum of 311%, ranging from 20 to 255% under different habitat conditions. The sediment-water interface depended on the duration of exposure resulting from tidal height, increased temperatures resulting from seasonality, and marsh plant density. Burrows were deeper and more expansive at both higher tidal levels and higher temperatures in summer. Burrow dimensions were sharply reduced with the disappearance of adult macrofauna in areas where the roots of the marsh plant Suaeda japonica were dense. The significance of this study lies in quantifying the burrow dimensions of the entire macrofaunal community, rather than just a single population, and confirming their spatial and temporal variation with respect to physical conditions of the habitat. Environmental factors responsible for variation in burrow dimensions are discussed. 相似文献