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1.
钱塘江河口盐度数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
强潮河口盐水入侵对饮用水源地危害极大。基于平面二维水动力盐度模型, 对典型强潮河口—钱塘江的水动力及盐水入侵过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明枯水径流时盐度变化与潮位过程曲线类似, 潮差对盐度大小影响显著, 径流量的增加将逐渐减小其相似程度。当流量增加到一定程度后, 继续增加的一定径流量所产生的抑咸效果减弱, 水资源有效利用率降低, 此时允许水源地盐度超标并改从蓄淡避咸水库取水可有效节约水资源。盐度平面分布显示, 盐水入侵在强潮河口弯道处受涨潮流主流线影响明显, 靠近主流线一岸的盐度大于对岸, 单从盐水入侵角度考虑, 强潮河口弯道段的取水口应设置在远离涨潮流主流线一岸。钱塘江河口盐度数值模拟对于研究减轻盐水入侵对水源地危害的措施具有指导意义。 相似文献
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长江口北支异常强盐水入侵观测与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
长江口北支由于径流分流比很小,盐水入侵较强,特别是枯季大潮期盐水甚至倒灌进入南支,影响上海市和江苏省的水源地水质。为了进一步研究北支盐水入侵的规律及影响因素,2014年1月1-9日在北支进行了大小潮同步水文观测。本次观测到了北支异常强盐水入侵:小潮期发生强盐水入侵,且强度大于大潮期。小潮期强盐水入侵导致中下游河段被高浓度盐水控制,盐度从下游B01到中游B02几乎没有变化,且盐度的涨落潮变化几乎消失。分析认为,小潮观测期间长江入河口流量较小、河口潮差不是太小,加上强偏北风,三者的叠加是导致强盐水入侵的主要原因。 相似文献
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珠江河口磨刀门水道枯季盐水入侵特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨磨刀门水道潮流和盐度的三维分布特性,本文建立了磨刀门水道的三维潮流和盐度数值模型,采用2009年枯季磨刀门水道实测潮流和盐度资料对模型参数进行率定和验证。结果显示,枯季由于上游径流量小,磨刀门水道总体涨、落潮流速都不大,表层总体涨潮平均流速都在0.5 m/s以内,总体落潮平均流速在0.8 m/s以内;底层总体涨落潮平均流速都在0.5 m/s以内;从盐度的平面分布来看,磨刀门水道近口门河段总体呈现涨潮时水道东侧盐度高于西侧,落潮时东侧盐度小于西侧的趋势。大潮和中潮期间,落潮时盐水向上游的入侵距离反而较涨潮时更远,主要原因是,落潮时的底层盐水向上游的补偿流动以及地形阻拦形成更为强烈的紊动扩散。潮汐动力弱(小潮)时,整个水道内水流流速很小,流态平缓,紊动较弱,总体仍呈现涨潮时入侵距离大于落潮,显示枯季磨刀门水道盐水入侵的主要影响因素取决于地形和潮动力。 相似文献
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基于无结构网格数值模型FVCOM建立了长江口三维盐水输运模型,模型经充分验证后能够合理刻画长江口水动力和盐度输运过程,并成功对2010—2014年多次咸潮倒灌过程进行后报模拟,计算结果与实测吻合较好。以2014-01—02咸潮入侵事件为背景模拟三峡运行后河口规划工程对长江口咸潮入侵和倒灌的影响。结果表明河口规划工程整体上减弱南支咸潮入侵和倒灌,但使口门地区盐度增大,北支下段咸潮上溯稍有增强。规划工程减弱青草沙水库和陈行水库受咸潮入侵的影响,但使东风西沙水库取水口盐度增大,尤其在南支规划工程的作用下盐度最大值和平均值均有所增大,这主要是受扁担沙护滩潜堤的阻流作用影响而使入侵和倒灌的盐水团落潮不畅形成滞留。未来十年随着长江口规划工程的推进、上游水沙条件变异及其引起的地形冲淤变化,需进一步开展系统的咸潮入侵演变和影响研究。 相似文献
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河口环流和盐水入侵Ⅱ--径流量和海平面上升的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用本序列上篇论文建立的理想河口数值模式,研究径流量和海平面上升对河口环流和盐水入侵的影响.在径流量增大的情况下,口门内表层向海的流速增大,底层向陆的密度流减弱,滞流点下移.口门外侧向口门的密度流增大,上升流趋于增强.口门内盐水入侵减弱,口外盐度减小、冲淡水扩展范围增大.在口门上游北岸底层盐度下降明显,口门处南岸表层盐度下降明显.径流量变化对盐水入侵影响十分巨大.在海平面上升的情况下,拦门沙区域向陆的密度流增强,滞流点上移,表层向海的流动增大.口门内盐水入侵增强,口外盐度增大,冲淡水扩展范围减小.海平面上升对盐水入侵影响十分明显,北岸底层盐度增大尤为特出. 相似文献
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海南岛南渡江河口枯季大小潮的盐度变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南渡江河口长度较短,河口内驻波发育。河口内盐水入侵近年来呈加剧之势。根据2009年2月大小潮多站同步的周日水流、盐度观测以及2009年11-12月连续38天的表层盐度观测资料,结合EFDC数值模拟结果,分析了南渡江河口枯季大小潮期的盐度与水体分层的时空变化规律。结果表明,枯季时南渡江河口干流自口门向陆,潮流流速递减,盐度减小,水体分层增强。水体分层在落潮时增大,涨潮时减小。大潮期的混合作用强于小潮期。河道内采砂形成的深坑对高盐水起到捕集作用,涨潮时输入的高盐水在落潮时无法向海输出,对南渡江的盐水入侵起到加剧作用。实测资料显示,小潮期的盐水入侵长度要大于大潮期。 相似文献
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长江河口下扁担沙水域最长连续不宜取水时间 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长江河口已建成陈行水库、青草沙水库和东风西沙水库，提供了约80%的上海用水。但随着社会和经济的发展，用水缺口仍然存在。下扁担沙位于南北港分汊口上游，大潮落潮期间滩涂露出。本文利用研究组长期研发和应用的长江河口盐水入侵三维数值模式，计算在1978-1979年特枯径流量条件下该水域的盐水入侵和连续最长不宜取水时间，了解下扁担沙水域能否作为备用水源地。本文采用2017年2月19日到3月1日北支8个站位的观测资料，结果表明表层和底层盐度模拟值和实测值之间相关系数、均方根误差和技术分数的平均值分别为0.85、1.82和0.82，模式计算盐度和实测值吻合良好，能较好地模拟长江河口盐水入侵。模式计算表明，下扁担沙模式输出点最长连续不宜取水时间为13.79 d，盐水入侵在大潮后期和大潮后中潮主要源自上游北支倒灌，小潮后中潮主要源自下游正面入侵，且前者影响比后者大。能取水时段就出现在小潮后中潮，淡水是南支上游南侧随落潮流平流过来的。下扁担沙水域的最长连续不宜取水时间远比青草沙水库和东风西沙水库的短，表明下扁担沙水域淡水资源远比南支上游和下游水域充足，是个极为优越的备用水源地。 相似文献
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钱塘江河口沉积作用初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钱塘江河口是我国典型的山溪性强潮河口,因其河口有涌潮而举世闻名。一般讲,该河口系陆源与海域两种物质来源、径流与潮流两种动力、淡水与盐水两种介质所构成的复杂多变的沉积环境,形成由悬沙和底质组成的河口现代沉积系统。在杭州湾内砂坎中沙粒级(>O.063mm)、粉沙粒级(O.063—O.004mm)与粘土粒级(相似文献
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盐场高度分层下的三维斜压数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用基于Backhaus的三维斜压模式计算珠江口水动力特性。改进了原模式的盐度差分格式和方程，采用二阶精度差分格式并引入了物理扩散项。改进后盐度差分方程较好地反映珠江口盐度成层现象。本文给出了两个点的水位数值模拟与实测值的对比，给出了包含8个口门珠江口的计算潮流场及盐场，讨论了盐度高度成层条件下珠江河口水动力特性。 相似文献
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径流和潮汐对长江口盐水入侵影响数值模拟研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
影响长江口盐水入侵的主要动力要素是上游径流和外海潮汐.利用盐度实测资料验证了平面二维盐度数学模型.结果表明,实测资料和模拟结果相符,在此基础上进行了4种不同水文组合的模拟计算.通过计算结果分析,取得了长江口地区盐水入侵平面分布的基本规律. 相似文献
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在理想假设下,利用MITgcm模式研究了风对白洋淀内水体循环流动的影响。研究指出:(1)风应力可看作是水体循环的主要驱动力;(2)在风应力的作用下,水体表层的流动主方向与风的方向一致,下层水体的流动方向与表层方向相逆或近似相逆;(3)表层以下水体流动复杂,次表层水平流动有明显的双漩涡结构;(4)淀底地形对水体垂向流动影响很大,垂向速度变化复杂,垂向上有双涡流动现象,靠近岸边多有上升流和下降流;(5)淀内水体流动沿着水平和垂向两个方向流动,在冬季和夏季流向相反。在分析以上流动特点的基础上,讨论了流动对各个不同子区域的生态环境可能造成的影响:I区域是一个相对独立的水体区域,该区域内的水体污染物自成系统,与外界交换较少。而对A、B、C、D四个区域内的污染物分布等要统一考虑,四个区域内的水体交换,可看作是一个统一的整体。E、F区域内的水体流动受到上述A、B、C、D四区内双涡流动的影响,但在这两个区域靠近岸边有强烈的上升流和下降流,有可能使得污染物的分布更加复杂。G、H水深很浅,水流速度缓慢,受到污染后污染物不易扩散。 相似文献
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A new three-dimensional semi-implicit finite-volume ocean model has been developed for simulating the coastal ocean circulation, which is based on the staggered C -unstructured non-orthogonal grid in the horizontal direction and z -level grid in the vertical direction. The three-dimensional model is discretized by the semi-implicit finite-volume method, in that the free-surface and the vertical diffusion are semi-implicit, thereby removing stability limitations associated with the surface gravity wave and vertical diffusion terms. The remaining terms in the momentum equations are discretized explicitly by an integral method. The partial cell method is used for resolving topography, which enables the model to better represent irregular topography. The model has been tested against analytical cases for wind and tidal oscillation circulation, and is applied to simulating the tidal flow in the Bohai Sea. The results are in good agreement both with the analytical solutions and measurement results. 相似文献
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This is the first part of a publication that describes the generation of adaptive grids (this part), and simulations with vector-ocean-model (VOM) in unstructured grids resulting from the adaptation (part II). A static vertical adaptive grid in z-coordinates allows improving the approximation of topography and vertical resolution at slopes. Adaptive grids use elements from a set of grid sizes by multiplying a basic smallest cell size with powers of two, as in cell division. Grids with locally isotropic vertical resolution at surface, seabed, and slopes can be generated whereby resolution decreases towards the ocean interior. The adaptation to topography yields unstructured grids that are organised in a one-dimensional vector by column-wise storage of cells, discarding land cells. The vector storage suggested the model’s name. Grids are generated by an iterative procedure that relies on rules, i.e. criteria and directives to control the grid structure in favour of a good representation of physics and smooth numerical operations. The directives govern vertical resolution at sea surface and seabed, and at slopes. For the latter vertical resolution is extended in the horizontal. In the ocean interior horizontal distances between changes in grid size can be controlled for the sake of smooth numerics. The use of a z-grid that avoids transformation errors, the depth-independence of vertical resolution, and the lateral extension of vertical resolution at slopes towards the ocean interior are the most significant differences of adaptive grids in comparison to vertical coordinate transformations. Unstructured grids do not rely on a smoothing of topography and can be used within any of the horizontal Arakawa-grids. For the same topography directives allow creating various grids as demonstrated for a shelf-ocean topography. The number of cells per column in two unstructured grids generated for the North Atlantic may locally well exceed typical layer numbers in conventional model matrices. But the domain average is similar to layer numbers of today’s ocean models. Thus, with the same investment of cells per domain a higher resolution in slope regions can be achieved by unstructured grids as compared to conventional z-grids. 相似文献
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基于2000年8月在南海调查航次得到的水文资料,首次采用广义随底坐标形式的改进POM模式对南海夏季环流进行了数值研究.用正交曲线性水平网格覆盖观测区域,在垂向上对近表海面层次采用近似z坐标,而近底层则为随底坐标.在计算海区实际地形及假设的水平均匀而垂直层化的密度分布下,实施的两个数值计算试验表明,本模式采用的垂直坐标方案比传统的σ坐标方案优越,随底坐标模式因压力梯度项在起伏地形下产生的系统计算误差将变得十分的微小.在南海2000年夏季环流的实际计算中,首先对观测资料进行了60d的诊断计算,然后在诊断已得到的动力场结果基础上,又进行了10d左右的预报运行得到半诊断结果.从计算结果来看,它依赖于参数Cvis与Cdif的选择,特别是参数Cvis,文中取值为Cvis=Cdif=008.比较诊断与半诊断两个计算过程的结果,它们在定性上较为一致,在定量上有些差别.这是因为半诊断计算的方法对密度场作适当的动力调整,使其与地形、风场等更加匹配.在大尺度环流结构不受影响的情况下,尽可能地消除了小尺度噪声,可使计算得到的流场更为清晰.2000年8月南海计算区域环流的最大特点是多涡结构,其中有些反气旋暖涡和气旋式冷涡相间分布.在越南东南海域自表层至1000m水层稳定存在着一个显著的反气旋暖涡,其中心位置在11°51'N,112°07'E(诊断计算),水平尺度约为300km.此暖涡以东存在一个气旋式冷涡,这两个冷、暖涡是研究海区夏季环流的重要环流特征之一.在计算区域东北部夏季环流以反气旋环流系统为主;在计算区域东南部夏季环流以气旋系统为主;南海夏季环流分布,明显出现西部强化特征. 相似文献
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A static adaptive grid approximates the topography and defines the vertical resolution in Vector-Ocean-Model (VOM). The adaptation to topography creates unstructured grids, which are organised in a one-dimensional vector by column-wise storage of only wet cells. The model’s name reflects this data structure. The intention of VOM is better resolving flow and stratification near topographic boundaries in Z-coordinates. This is the second part of a publication that describes the generation of adaptive grids (part I), and simulations with VOM in unstructured grids (this part). Adaptive grids generated for a synthetic topography in part I include shelf, continental slope, and ocean. Three of those grids are here utilised in upwelling simulations. Under the same forcing increased vertical resolution at seabed and slopes yields a significant increase in flow energy as compared to coarser grids. Results allow explaining the surface intensification of a continental slope jet by vertical displacements of water masses in the seabed Ekman layer. Results in unstructured grids are almost identical to reference simulations in equidistant grids where the respective smallest grid size of unstructured grids was used. Negative effects of grids on predicted flow and stratification are absent also over particularly rough topography, as demonstrated by using vertical velocity as most sensitive indicator. In a further simulation an overflow governed by the advection of water mass properties is presented to demonstrate the conservation properties of the model. After 5 months of simulation the predicted domain average temperature deviated by 10−8 from the initial temperature field. Compared to equidistant grids the advection/diffusion scheme looses about one order of magnitude in accuracy when used in an unstructured grid. The results of VOM, being defined in Z-coordinates, are void of coordinate transformation errors. In an arbitrary topography unforced zero-flow remains quiescent in a stratification that only varies in the vertical. VOM due to its depth-independent vertical resolution appears particularly suitable for simulations of ocean-shelf exchange. 相似文献
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Under strong surface wind forcing during winter, direct current observations in the northern Sea of Japan show the existence of strong near-inertial currents in the deep water that is characterized by the extremely homogeneous vertical structures of temperature and salinity. However, the mechanism generating internal waves in the deep water of the northern Sea of Japan has not been well understood. In this study, to clarify the dynamical link between the surface wind forcing and near-inertial currents in the deep water of the northern Sea of Japan, we drive a general circulation model taking into account realistic wind stress, ocean bottom and land topography. In the northern Sea of Japan, the numerical results show that vertically coherent horizontal currents with a speed of ~ 0.05 m s?1 are excited throughout the homogeneous deep water. A two-layer model successfully reproduces the pattern of the horizontal current velocities shown by the general circulation model, indicating that internal waves emanate westward from the northwestern coast of Japan through coastal adjustment to the strong wind forcing event and, while propagating into the ocean interior, they excite evanescent near-inertial response throughout the lower layer below the interface. 相似文献
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Some numerical experiments by the barotropic nonlinear two dimensional models are performed to study the water circulations in Lake Biwa, especially to study the large anticlockwise gyre in the north basin. The wind fields used in the experiments have no rotational component. This gyre is induced by the southerly wind and is approximately on the geostrophic balance. The vorticity of this gyre is contributed from the vertical stretching of the vortex tube by the variable bottom topography and the inertia term. But the latter term does not become effective if the bottom profile of the basin is flat. Therefore the horizontal circulation in the barotropic closed basin is the “topographic gyres”. The bottom stress has a little contribution to the vorticity balance of the gyre. 相似文献