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黄、渤海沿岸港湾的假潮及成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对日照港以北黄、渤海沿岸18个港湾8～27年假潮资料的分析,给出了不同区域港湾的假潮状况和成因.在该区域只有龙口港可时常发生100cm左右的大振幅假潮和＞150cm甚至＞300cm的特大振幅假潮,属假潮特别严重和唯一发生较大危害性假潮港湾;其余分属假潮相对较重、较轻和无假潮港湾,其假潮基本不具危害性或无危害性.分析结果表明其突然而剧烈的风场变化是导致各港湾假潮的直接原因,地理环境差异是造成港湾假潮强弱的关键因素;龙口港100cm左右和＞1 50cm的大和特大振幅假潮,是其特殊地理环境、港湾及附近大范围海域骤猛的向港爆发性大风,尤其强雷暴大风涌水在港内骤然积聚和海水惯性振荡的综合结果. 相似文献
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渤海、黄海沿岸主要港湾假潮的基本特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于港湾假潮振动的基本原理，从渤海、黄海沿岸20个验潮站多年水位自记曲线资料获取假潮参数，并对其做了统计分析，给出了假潮的统计特征，还讨论了假潮形成的初步原因。结果表明，该海域主要港湾假潮出现具有明显的局地性、季节性和年际变化；夏季是大振幅假潮（振幅^1)≥80cm）的多发期，冬季基本上不出现；龙口港湾的大振幅假潮最为突出，最大振幅可达293cm；气压和风速、风向突变的良好配合，是发生大振幅假潮的主要原因。 相似文献
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大连老虎滩澳的大振幅假潮 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
潮汐周期以外的大振幅水位波动(即大振幅假潮),在老虎滩澳时有发生。老虎滩澳位于大连湾侧,是一半封闭深度较浅的三角形小海湾(图1).验潮站位于湾的左岸,距湾顶约1km,水深2.8m.据统计,1980～1994年15年间出现波高大于20cm的假潮共61次。波高超过40cm的为12次。较大振幅事件发生在1994年7月3日,其最大波高为91cm,谱分析显着周期为10min.类似这种小海湾的大振幅假潮在世界其他港湾也经常观测到。其中,以中国的龙口港、日本的长崎港和巴利亚里群岛西岸的锡尤达德拉(Ciu-tadella)港发生的大振幅假潮最为突出。 相似文献
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龙口湾是出现假潮比较显著的海湾之一,据统计1972-1981年间,平均每年出现6次40cm以上的振动,1980年9月1日观测到水位振动的最大振幅达293cm,同日的气压波也有7个hPa的起伏.本文用数值模拟的方法,初步探讨了气压扰动和在龙口湾1980年9月1日观测到的假潮之间的定量关系,证实了在龙口湾中出现的大振幅假潮的确是由于移动气压波扰动激起湾外长波,传入湾内发生共振所导致的.直接由气压波扰动很难导致大振幅假潮的发生. 相似文献
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南海北部沿岸海洋站的假潮 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
收集和分析了南海北部沿岸15个海洋站所在港湾发生假潮的资料，并对其中较大振幅的典型假潮个例，进行了港湾基态自然周期分析和假潮振动的频谱分析。研究发现，假潮最大振幅振动多发生在天文潮的高潮或低潮期间；根据海湾地形尺度用梅立恩（Merian）公式计算得出的海湾基态自然周期；和根据资料曲线估计得出的假潮周期，以及功率谱分析得出的周期，三者非常接近。从本文研究所得结果来看，这些海湾的较大振幅假潮多发生在春、夏季，且都和风速、风向以及气压的剧烈变化有关。这些大气扰动在春天多为冷空气南下，在夏季多为热带气旋活动。研究认为，假潮的发生很可能是大气振动通过外海表面波作为中间机制，与港湾自由态振动之间产生耦合共振的结果。 相似文献
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山东半岛两港湾假潮的基本特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据1970～1996年某验潮站(1)和1964～1995年某验潮站(2)水位自记曲线资料,分析了这两个港湾假潮(振幅大于20cm)的基本特征,给出了假潮出现的频数、周期、延时和峰值出现的时刻,还讨论了假潮的类型及成因。 相似文献
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龙口湾大振幅假潮形成的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
龙口湾是出现假潮比较显著的海湾之一。据统计,１９７２～１９８１年,平均每年出现６次〉４０ｃｍ的振动,其中１９８０年９月１日观测到水位振动的最大振幅达２９３ｃｍ,同日的气压波也有７ｈＰａ的起伏。用数值模拟方法,初步探讨了气压扰动与１９８０年９月１日 在龙口湾观测到的假潮之间的定量关系,证实,在龙口湾中出现的大振幅假潮的确是由于移动气压波扰动激起湾外长波传入湾内发生共振所引起的。直接由气压波扰动很难引 相似文献
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东海沿岸假潮基本特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据东海沿岸海洋站的实测潮位资料,对东海沿岸假潮的基本特征进行了初步分析和统计,结果表明,东海区港湾假潮特征明显,浙江沿海假潮比福建沿海多。全年多数出现在３、４月和８、９月间,坎门、嵊山、长涂和三沙的最大振幅分别为１７０、９５、８５和１００ｆｃｍ,大陈和平潭为４１和３９ｃｍ,长涂的平均周期主要在２０～３０ｍｉｎ,其余各站普遍在２０ｍｉｎ以内,当有热带气旋影响时,持续时间较长,最长可达１００ｈ以上; 相似文献
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Atmospheric frontal gravity waves observed in satellite SAR images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIU Shuming LI Ziwei YANG Xiaofeng Pichel William G YU Yang ZHENG Quanan LI Xiaofeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):35-43
In the satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea, the authors observe sea surface imprints of wave-like patterns with an average wavelength of 3.8 km. Comparing SAR observations with sea surface wind fields and surface weather maps, the authors find that the occurrence of the wave-like phenomena is associated with the passing of atmospheric front. The authors define the waves as atmospheric frontal gravity waves. The dynamical parameters of the wave packets are derived from statistics of 9 satellite SAR images obtained from 2002 to 2008. A two-dimensional linear physical wave model is used to analyze the generation mechanism of the waves. The atmospheric frontal wave induced wind variation across the frontal wave packet is compared with wind retrievals from the SAR images. The CMOD-5 (C-band scatterometer ocean geophysical model function) is used for SAR wind retrievals VV (transmitted vertical and received vertical) for ENVISAT and HH (transmitted horizontally and received horizontally) for RADARSAT-1. A reasonable agreement between the analytical solution and the SAR observation is reached. This new SAR frontal wave observation adds to the school of SAR observations of sea surface imprints of AGWs including island lee waves, coastal lee waves, and upstream Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGW). 相似文献
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基于1979—2018年欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)近海面10 m风场资料,采用增长型分层自组织映射(GHSOM)神经网络方法,对南海海表面风场(SSW)的季节变化和年际异常变化进行了分析,结果表明：(1)GHSOM网络训练原始风场数据第一层结果揭示了4个特征模态,高度概括了南海近海面风场的季节变化特征;第二层结果提取了风场的月变化特征。(2)GHSOM网络训练异常风场数据第一层结果揭示了4类异常风场特征模态：反气旋式异常、气旋式异常、西南风异常和东北风异常模态。其中反气旋式异常和气旋式异常模态呈现出不对称现象,即反气旋式异常风场的振幅大于气旋式异常风场;且这两个模态与ENSO事件密切相关,它们的时间序列与Niño 3.4指数序列存在显著的延迟相关。同时,东北风异常风场模态的发生频率大于西南风异常模态。向下扩展的第二层结果揭露了异常风场模态更多的细节特征。 相似文献
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A three-dimensional model study on ocean dynamic response to traveling cyclone over the Huanghai Sea
On the basis of numerical simulation of the mean circulation and relevant thermal-salinity fields in June with a three-dimensional ocean model (ECOM-si), the model outputs are used as first guess of initial fields for numerical integration of the model equations and the numerical results are applied to investigating the dynamical responses of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea (HECS) in the course of a weak land-to-sea cyclone‘s passage over the Huanghai Sea on 15-16 June 1999. Predominance of the dynamic impact of cyclone over the thermal one in June in the HECS is justified using observations and model simulations.The cyclone and its surrounding weather system, i.e,, subtropical high ridge to its south could influence current and thermal fields in the Bohai Sea, the Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea even though the intensity of cyclone was rather weak. The response of oceanic currents to the wind stresses driven by the cyclone and its southern subtropical high were strongly characterized by the wind drift with its extent of equivalent scale of cyclone in the horizontal and of Ekman layer in the vertical. The sea response at a given site was closely related to the transient local wind speed and direction,especially was sensitive to the local wind direction,which is demonstrated at three points locating at the southern and western Huanghai Sea and the northern East China Sea. So the sea responses at locations differed considerably from one another. Current responded to the wind stress in a simple way:directly to the wind-driven current and subsequent gradient current and slope current, etc., whereas sea temperature responded to the wind stress in two ways: directly to the cyclone-induced cooling and indirectly to water movements both in the horizontal and the vertical by the cyclone‘ s wind stress. So the sea temperature variation under the influence of cyclone was more complicate than the current. The HECS in response to the cyclone and its ambient weather system was likely to be a fast process and such a response could last at least for more than 1d. Current increased with the duration of wind stress exerted on the surface and decreased with the increasing depth. Affected by the cyclone, the maximum sea surface temperature decreased by almost 1.6℃ during the 24h cyclone. 相似文献
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The statistical analysis of the long-term data on the variability of the Baltic Sea level has revealed the complicated character of the wave field structure. The wave field formed by the variable winds and the disturbances of the atmospheric pressure in the Baltic Sea is a superposition of standing oscillations with random phases. The cross spectral analysis of the synchronous observation series of the level in the Gulf of Finland has shown that the nodal lines of the standing dilatational waves are clearly traced with frequencies corresponding to the distance from the nodal line to the top of the gulf (a quarter of the wave length). Several areas of the water basin with clearly expressed resonant properties may be distinguished: the Gulfs of Finland, Riga, and Bothnia, Neva Bay, etc. The estimations of the statistical correlation of the sea level oscillations with the variation of the wind and atmospheric pressure indicate the dominant role of the zonal wind component during the formation of the floods in the Gulf of Finland. The probable reason for the extreme floods in St. Petersburg may be the resonance rocking of the eigenmode oscillations corresponding to the basic fundamental seiche mode of the Gulf of Finland with a period of 27 h when the repeated atmospheric disturbances in the Baltic Sea occur with a period of 1–2 days. 相似文献
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A. A. Kordzadze D. I. Demetrashvili A. A. Surmava 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2008,44(2):213-224
The hydrological regime of the Black Sea in the conditions of permanent alternation of atmospheric circulation processes was investigated on the basis of a baroclinic prognostic model of the sea dynamics. In the model, variations in the wind action were expressed as permanent alternation of 24 wind types characteristic of the Black Sea basin throughout the year. Thermohaline impact of the atmosphere was taken into account by specifying the annual trends of temperature and salinity at the sea surface, which was established from multiyear means of these parameters. The problem was solved numerically on the basis of the method of two-cycle splitting with the use of the grid with a horizontal spacing of 5 km. Results of the numerical experiment showed that, under the influence of a strong nonstationarity of atmospheric processes, the water circulation in the upper layer of the Black Sea changes qualitatively and quantitatively. The upper 20–30-m layer of the sea is particularly sensitive to atmospheric circulation variations. For any character of atmospheric circulation, the Black Sea circulation below this layer is nearly always cyclonic with internal cyclonic rotations. 相似文献
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黄海雾季开始日期的确定及其年际变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据山东省14个气象站1979—2007年4次/d的大气能见度观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、JRA等资料,提出了黄海雾季开始时间的以候为时间尺度的标准,并对影响雾季开始的可能因素进行了分析。结果表明:黄海气候平均雾季开始在第20候,从此候开始,盛行风向、湿度平流、温度平流、大气层结等都有利于海雾的产生;不同年份雾季开始的时间有差别,导致不同年份雾季开始早晚的主要原因是海-气温差、湿度、盛行风;黄东海海温正(负)距平,且东海北部黄海南部海温正(负)距平比黄海北部海温正(负)距平强度更大时,黄海北部雾季开始时间较早(晚)。海-气温差<0℃是海雾季节开始的先决条件,但对海雾季节开始的早晚没有明显的影响。黄海反气旋对大气层结的稳定有一定的贡献,有利于雾的形成和维持。逆温对于雾季的形成和维持有重要作用,但逆温强度与雾季开始的早晚没有直接关系;逆温层的高度可能影响海雾季节的发生,雾季开始偏早年逆温层更接近地面。 相似文献
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Hydrographic mesoscale structures in the North-western Alboran Sea show a high variability induced by a number of different factors. One of the most important is the differences in atmospheric pressure over the Mediterranean basin when compared to the Gulf of Cádiz. This difference modulates the zonal wind field in the Alboran Sea and the intensity of the Atlantic inflow through the Strait of Gibraltar, also affecting the formation and extension of the Western Alboran Gyre (WAG). When westerly winds are dominant, lower atmospheric pressure in the Mediterranean enhances the inflow of Atlantic waters causing the Atlantic Jet to be located in the vicinity of the Spanish shore, creating a well-defined frontal zone in front of Estepona Cove. In this situation, the coastal upwelling is enhanced, leading to a minimum in sea surface temperature and a maximum of surface nutrient concentrations located in the coastal area. The vertical position of the chlorophyll maximum found in these circumstances appeared to be controlled by the nutrient availability. On the other hand, when easterly winds prevail, higher atmospheric pressure in the Mediterranean leads to a reduced inflow and the oceanographic and biological structures are clearly different. The Atlantic Jet moves southward flowing in a south-eastern direction, changing the structure of the currents, resulting in an enhanced cyclonic circulation extending throughout the North-western Alboran Sea basin. These physical alterations also induce changes in the distribution of biogeochemical variables. Maximum nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations are located further off the coast in the central area of the newly created cyclonic gyre. During these easterlies periods coastal upwelling stops and the distribution of phytoplankton cells seems to be mainly controlled by physical processes such as advection of coastal waters to the open sea. 相似文献
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A three-dimensional numerical model is used to simulate sea level and velocity variations in the South China Sea for 1992–1995. The model is driven by daily wind and daily sea surface temperature fields derived from the NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. The four-year model outputs are analyzed using time-domain Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF). Spatial and temporal variations of the first two modes from the simulation compare favorably with those derived from satellite altimetry. Mode 1, which is associated with a southern gyre, shows symmetric seasonal reversal. Mode 2, which contributes to a northern gyre, is responsible for the asymmetric seasonal and interannual variations. In winter, the southern and northern cyclonic gyres combine into a strong basin-wide cyclonic gyre. In summer, a cyclonic northern gyre and an anticyclonic southern gyre form a dipole with a jet leaving the coast of Vietnam. Interannual variations are particularly noticeable during El Niño. The winter gyre is generally weakened and confined to the southern basin, and the summer dipole structure does not form. Vertical motions weaken accordingly with the basin-wide circulation. Variations of the wind stress curl in the first two EOF modes coincide with those of the model-derived sea level and horizontal velocities. The mode 1 wind stress curl, significant in the southern basin, coincides with the reversal of the southern gyre. The mode 2 curl, large in the central basin, is responsible for the asymmetry in the winter and summer gyres. Lack of the mode 2 contribution during El Niño events weakens the circulation. The agreement indicates that changes in the wind stress curl contribute to the seasonal and interannual variations in the South China Sea. 相似文献
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Yoshi N. Sasaki Yurika Katagiri Shoshiro Minobe Ignatius G. Rigor 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(2):255-265
Relations in year-to-year variability between wintertime Sea-Ice Concentrations (SICs) in the Okhotsk Sea and atmospheric
anomalies consisting of zonal and meridional 1000-hPa wind speeds and 850-hPa air temperatures are studied using a singular
value decomposition analysis. It is revealed that the late autumn (October–November) atmospheric conditions strongly influence
sea-ice variability from the same season (late autumn) through late winter (February—March), in which sea-ice extent is at
its maximum. The autumn atmospheric conditions for the positive sea-ice anomalies exhibit cold air temperature anomalies over
the Okhotsk Sea and wind anomalies blowing into the Okhotsk Sea from Siberia. These atmospheric conditions yield anomalous
ocean-to-atmosphere heat fluxes and cold sea surface temperature anomalies in the Okhotsk Sea. Hence, these results suggest
that the atmospheric conditions affect the sea-ice through heat anomalies stored in sea-ice and oceanic fields. The late autumn
atmosphere conditions are related to large 700-hPa geopotential height anomalies over the Bering Sea and northern Eurasia,
which are related to a stationary Rossby wave propagation over the North Pacific and that from the North Atlantic to Eurasia,
respectively. In addition, the late autumn atmospheric preconditioning also plays an important role in the decreasing trend
in the Okhotsk sea-ice extent observed from 1980 to the mid-1990s. Based on the lagged sea-ice response to the late autumn
atmosphere, a simple seasonal prediction scheme is proposed for the February–March sea-ice extent using four-month leading
atmospheric conditions. This scheme explains 45% of the variance of the Okhotsk sea-ice extent. 相似文献