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1.
分析了南海海盆中部224个站位表层沉积物的常量组分和微量元素组成,结果表明,这些沉积物与大陆上地壳相比,具有相对贫Si和富Fe、Mg、Na、Ca、Mn的特点,微量元素含量总体与大陆上地壳较为相近。表层沉积物化学组分可以划分为4类组合:硅酸盐碎屑组分、钙质生物碎屑组分、火山碎屑组分和自生矿物组分;硅酸盐碎屑组分和钙质生物碎屑组分占绝对优势,两者含量互为消长,自生矿物和火山碎屑含量较低,仅在局部区域起到相对明显的贡献。南海海盆中部表层沉积物化学组成主要受水深、沉积作用和物质来源3个因素控制;水深和底流搬运作用影响钙质生物碎屑分布,深水海盆碳酸盐溶解作用强烈,海盆中部沉积物钙质生物碎屑含量低,而底流作用则将陆坡区钙质碎屑搬运至海盆边缘区域。沉积物地球化学特征指示,海盆中部沉积物陆源碎屑物质主要来自于西部或西南部,火山碎屑物质可能主要来自于吕宋岛弧火山喷发,并堆积于扩张中心以北和海盆东部区域。  相似文献   

2.
南海深海表层沉积物中的火山碎屑矿物及其来源   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
南海深海盆地表层沉积物中的火山碎屑矿物,经鉴定主要有15种。根据矿物的分布和组合特征划分为两个矿物群:Ⅰ基性火山碎屑矿物群,Ⅱ中性火山碎屑矿物群。并确定它们是近代海底火山喷发的产物。圈出5个基性火山喷发中心和2个中性火山喷发中心。南海深海区有中性火山喷发是新的发现。  相似文献   

3.
中沙群岛附近海域沉积物中的轻矿物分区及物质来源   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
海底沉积物中的碎屑矿物(粒级为0.063~0.125 mm)的特征及分布样式对于鉴别沉积物的源区具有重要的指示意义.对取自南海中沙群岛附近海域114个表层沉积物样品的轻矿物含量、分布特征和矿物组合进行了研究,在此基础上将本区划分为以下三个矿物组合区:生物碎屑矿物区(Ⅰ)、火山碎屑矿物区(Ⅱ)、混合矿物区(Ⅲ).生物碎屑矿物区(Ⅰ)的矿物组合单一,为生物骨屑矿物.生物骨屑矿物主要来源于中沙环礁,极少量的陆源物质及火山物质可通过悬浮或风等途径搬运进入此区.火山碎屑矿物区(Ⅱ)的轻矿物以褐色火山玻璃为主,火山渣、无色火山玻璃等火山碎屑矿物含量也较高.风化碎屑及陆源碎屑矿物(如石英等)的含量较低.火山渣在本区呈点源式扩散分布.本区矿物组合为褐色火山玻璃-火山渣.此区的物质来源相对复杂,主要来源于原地海山岩石剥蚀风化以及区内可能存在的正在喷发的小型火山物质的风化,周边岛弧火山对其贡献极小.混合矿物区(Ⅲ)的物源丰富,包括生物源、火山源及陆源,该区又可分为两个矿物亚区:东北部混合矿物区(Ⅲ-1),主要的矿物组合包括生物骨屑矿物、褐色火山玻璃、石英、长石等,陆源物质来自于我国大陆,陆源物质基本上位于17°N以北;东南部混合矿物区(Ⅲ-2),矿物组合为生物骨屑矿物、褐色火山玻璃、石英以及风化碎屑矿物,其中陆源物质可能来自南海南部及西南部大陆中的碎屑矿物,通过发源于大河口的海底峡谷搬运进深海盆.  相似文献   

4.
南海东部表层沉积物中轻矿物分布与来源   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对南海东部 158个表层沉积物样品的分析结果表明,轻矿物来源多样,生物成因矿物含量高.除去生物骨屑后,沉积物中白云母等碎屑轻矿物的分布规律显示,华南大陆是南海东部陆源碎屑物质的主要来源,其影响可达 17°N线以南.火山玻璃主要分布于 15°N线附近,其中褐色火山玻璃主要来源于本地海山物质,为火山玻璃的主体,而无色火山玻璃含量较低,它可能来自附近火山喷发物.  相似文献   

5.
南海东部重矿物分布特征及其影响因素   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
对南海东部 1 88个站位表层沉积物样品 63~ 1 2 5μm粒级重矿物的研究表明 ,重矿物种类有50种 ,最高含量可达 1 2 .82 % ;平均含量较低 ,为 1 .1 1 % ,;矿物组成以普通角闪石、铁锰微结核、磁铁矿、普通辉石为主。重矿物来源复杂多样 ,包括陆源、火山、自生等各种来源的矿物。陆源重矿物多分布在水深 3 50 0 m以浅的北部陆坡 ,主要来源于台湾海峡和台湾岛 ;此外还有经巴士海峡由洋流带入的吕宋岛等的剥蚀物 ,珠江物质对研究区的影响较小。自生沉积矿物主要分布于 1 6°N~ 2 0°N之间的下陆坡区和深海平原 ,其中铁锰微结核富集于沉积速率较低的氧化环境 ,自生黄铁矿则富集于局部还原环境或生物壳室中。火山碎屑矿物主要分布于 1 5°N两侧的深海平原和海山区 ,来源于海底火山岩的剥蚀物和附近弧状列岛的火山喷发物。沉积环境是影响重矿物分布的主要因素。  相似文献   

6.
通过对南海南部2个代表13万a以来柱状沉积样品高分辨率的黏土矿物组成分析,认为所研究的黏土矿物主要为陆源碎屑成因,埋藏过程中的成岩变化或黏土矿物自生特征不明显,而以采样点南面加里曼丹岛、菲律宾东、西两侧的火山群岛和湄公河流域为主要陆源的地质条件、风化环境及物质迁移途径的差异控制了南海南部沉积物中黏土矿物组成的空间和时间变化.研究发现,沉积物样品中较高的蒙皂石含量对应于地质历史上的暖期,而较低的蒙皂石含量对应于冷期.伊利石的行为及其古海洋指示意义则与蒙皂石相反.将柱状沉积物样品上高分辨率的黏土矿物组成分析作为一种研究方法,有助于研究晚第四纪以来南海陆源碎屑物的源区特征、迁移途径及海区古环境演变.  相似文献   

7.
南海东部海域的沉积作用和物质来源研究   总被引:12,自引:5,他引:7  
1998年在南海东部海域采集了195个表层和24个柱状沉积物样,对沉积作用和物质来源研究表明:(1)南海东部海域具有典型的边缘海沉积特征,沉积物主要由陆源碎屑、生物碎屑、火山碎屑、浊流沉积物组成,沉积作用具有多样性;(2)黄岩岛以北海区沉积物中基性岩组分含量为23.2%,陆源硅铝质组分含量为76.8%,这两种组分的理论计算值与海底沉积物实际分布相一致;(3)由碎屑矿物分析得出陆源矿物、混合矿物、自生铁锰矿物和中基性火山矿物四种矿物组合区,矿物组成和含量差异反映了物源和沉积环境的变化;(4)对沉积物中大于0.063 mm的物质全组分分析表明,生源组分占66.97%,其中钙质生物含量为23.43%,硅质生物含量为43.54%,钙质生物高值区主要分布在水深小于3 500 m的海区,硅质生物高值区主要分布在水深大于3 500 m的深水区;(5)南海东部海域火山沉积作用明显,海底扩张区沉积物中铜、钡、铁、锰、钴、镍、砷等金属物质分布与海底构造和海底中基性火山活动密切相关;(6)对沉积物粒度、物质组成和生物化石组合分析表明北部陆坡区69柱187.5~190.0,287.5~280.0,377.5~380.0 cm,深海平原区149柱157~187,187~194 cm,南部陆坡区323柱280~350 cm在粒度上表现出浊流沉积特征;(7)对锶同位素物源示踪和粒度、矿物的研究表明,北部陆源碎屑向南一直扩散到约17 N,西吕宋海槽是亚洲大陆物质特别是我国大陆物质向南海东部海域输运的主要通道.  相似文献   

8.
台西南海域表层沉积物元素地球化学特征及其物源指示意义   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
对南海台西南海域表层沉积物的常量、微量元素含量分布变化特征、元素相关性以及元素组合特征进行了分析。结果表明,SiO2和Al2O3是研究区表层沉积物中的最主要组分,元素的含量与水深、粒度存在明显的相关性;R型因子分析识别出3个元素组合,分别代表细粒的陆源碎屑沉积组合、粗粒的生物碎屑组合和细粒的生物碎屑组合;研究区表层沉积物的物质来源主要有陆源和生物源两种,以陆源为主。  相似文献   

9.
南海北部陆架表层沉积物重矿物分布特征及物源意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
该文根据2007~2010年间对南海北部陆架采集的292个表层沉积物样品0.063~0.125mm粒级矿物的鉴定和分析结果,研究了该海域表层沉积物重矿物的分布特征和物质来源.结果表明:该海域矿物组成以轻组分矿物为主,平均质量百分数高达98.49%,重组分矿物的含量较低,平均值为1.51%,最高质量百分数仅为10.38%,共发现了60种重矿物.影响南海北部陆架表层沉积物重矿物的含量和分布的首要因素是水动力条件,其次是物质来源,其他因素如沉积环境、矿物自身的变质程度等也在一定程度上影响其分布特征.根据因子分析的因子荷载分布及南海北部陆架的地形地貌,研究区可划分为4个主要矿物组合区和2个亚区.分析结果表明,华南沿海的众多河流特别是珠江的入海泥沙是南海北部陆架表层沉积物的主要物质来源.海南岛东南部海底峡谷区处于相对稳定的沉积环境,胶结于有孔虫壳内的海洋自生黄铁矿含量丰富.  相似文献   

10.
南海深海表层沉积物中的火山碎屑矿物及火山作用   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
李志珍 《海洋学报》1989,11(2):176-184
南海深海表层沉积物中的火山碎屑矿物经鉴定约有15种,本文对其中主要的矿物进行了矿物学方面的研究,根据其分布规律和矿物组合特征,可分为两个矿物群,即基性火山碎屑矿物群和中性火山碎屑矿物群,并确定它们是就地海底火山喷发形成的,圈出5个基性火山喷发中心和2个中性火山喷发中心,喷发的火山岩浆可能属于钙碱质岩浆系列,本文还讨论了该区火山作用方式、喷发时代,并提出南海深海盆自中渐新世海底扩张以来至近代海底火山活动尚未停止.  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

14.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

15.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.  相似文献   

18.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

19.
20.
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria ( 〉 99% ), but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments ( ≥ 98.8% ), including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.  相似文献   

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