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1.
The structure and dynamics of the water are studied on the basis of hydrological and meteorological long-term data combined with the materials of field observations over a period longer than half a century in the region of the Ryukyu archipelago. New data about the hydrological characteristics of the waters were obtained. Characteristic differences of waters of various modifications in the main straits between the islands are demonstrated. The dependence of the water structure formation in the straits on the seasonal variability of the water exchange through the straits is distinguished. 相似文献
2.
Review on North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrents and Subtropical Fronts: role of mode waters in ocean circulation and climate 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) is a narrow eastward jet on the equator side of a subtropical gyre, flowing against the
broad westward Sverdrup flow. Together with theories, recent enhanced observations and model simulations have revealed the
importance of mode waters in the formation and variability of North Pacific STCCs. There are three distinct STCCs in the North
Pacific, maintained by low potential vorticity (PV) that mode waters carry from the north. Model simulations show that changes
in mode water ventilation result in interannual to interdecadal variations and long-term changes of STCCs. STCCs affect the
atmosphere through their surface thermal effects, inducing anomalous cyclonic wind curl and precipitation along them. Thus,
mode waters are not merely passive water masses but have dynamical and climatic effects. For temporal variability, atmospheric
forcings are also suggested to be important in addition to the variability of mode waters. STCCs exist in other oceans and
they are also flanked by mode waters on their poleward sides, suggesting that they are maintained by similar dynamics. 相似文献
3.
The paper describes the thermohaline structure of the Izmir waters obtained from three CTD-surveys carried out in different
seasons of 1994. Also, the mechanisms responsible for the formation of the regional peculiarities and the variability of the
temperature/salinity field and examined. The results of diagnosis and adaptation computations of the three-dimensional water
circulation are analysed, applying a numerical model and CTD-data.
Translated by Vladimir A. Puchkin. 相似文献
4.
The transition zone of the Canary Current upwelling region 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
E. D. Barton J. Arístegui P. Tett M. Cantn J. García-Braun S. Hernndez-Len L. Nykjaer C. Almeida J. Almunia S. Ballesteros G. Basterretxea J. Escnez L. García-Weill A. Hernndez-Guerra F. Lpez-Laatzen R. Molina M. F. Montero E. Navarro-Prez J. M. Rodríguez K. van Lenning H. Vlez K. Wild 《Progress in Oceanography》1998,41(4):455-504
Like all the major upwelling regions, the Canary Current is characterised by intense mesoscale structure in the transition zone between the cool, nutrient-rich waters of the coastal upwelling regime and the warmer, oligotrophic waters of the open ocean. The Canary Island archipelago, which straddles the transition, introduces a second source of variability by perturbing the general southwestward flow of both ocean currents and Trade winds. The combined effects of the flow disturbance and the eddying and meandering of the boundary between upwelled and oceanic waters produce a complex pattern of regional variability. On the basis of historical data and a series of interdisciplinary field studies, the principal features of the region are described. These include a prominent upwelling filament originating near 28°N off the African coast, cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies downstream of the archipelago, and warm wake regions protected from the Trade winds by the high volcanic peaks of the islands. The filament is shown to be a recurrent feature, apparently arising from the interaction of a topographically trapped cyclonic eddy with the outer edge of the coastal upwelling zone. Its role in the transport and exchange of biogenic material, including fish larvae, is considered. Strong cyclonic eddies, observed throughout the year, drift slowly southwestward from Gran Canaria. One sampled in late summer was characterised by large vertical isopycnal displacements, apparent surface divergence and strong upwelling, producing a fourfold increase in chlorophyll concentrations over background values. Such intense eddies can be responsible for a major contribution to the vertical flux of nitrogen. The lee region of Gran Canaria is shown to be a location of strong pycnocline deformation resulting from Ekman pumping on the wind shear boundaries, which may contribute to the eddy formation process. 相似文献
5.
Spatiotemporal variability of the organic matter and the rates of its transformation in the Ob Inlet
The data on the qualitative and quantitative variability of the organic matter (OM) and its transformation rates in the waters of the Ob Inlet during different seasons are considered. The OM distribution was quite nonuniform over the entire Ob Inlet aquatic area: the concentrations of Corg varied from 2.8 to 14.1 mg/L and from 0.32 to 4.59 mg/L for the dissolved and particulate forms, respectively. The maximum concentrations of dissolved OM were registered in the main flow of the Ob River water supplied to the bay, whereas the minimum concentrations were characteristic for the near-bottom layers formed by the Kara Sea waters of high salinity in the northern part of the bay. Both in the summer and in the autumn, the fraction of particulate matter within the total OM reached its maximum values in the mixing zone of the Taz and Ob riverine waters, as well as in the mixing zone of the Ob River and Kara Sea waters. These boundary zones were characterized by the widest variability of the elemental (C: N: P) and biochemical (proteins and carbohydrates) composition of the OM, as well as of its transformation rates measured by the activities of the enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and the electron transport system). 相似文献
6.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
7.
N. P. Bulgakov Yu. V. Artamonov P. D. Lomakin V. N. Cheremin 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(2):141-147
The peculiarities of the vertical hydroacoustic structure of surface water masses in the tropical Atlantic are reported. The near-surface acoustic channel in areas of strong freshening of oceanic waters by continental discharge and rainfall is studied. Quantitative characteristics of the seasonal variability of the channel's parameters are given. The mechanism responsible for the long-range acoustic conductivity in the upper layer of waters is analysed. The areas of maximum horizontal refraction in the near-surface layer are identified and the refraction angles of acoustic rays determined.Translated by V. Puchkin. 相似文献
8.
The thermohaline and hydrochemical characteristics of the Lena River’s estuarine zone were investigated in the Buor-Khaya
Bay and the southeastern Laptev Sea in September of 2005. A tongue of river water with high nutrient content and increased
turbidity was identified in the bay. It is shown that the two-layer structure in the bay is disturbed by warm freshwater lenses.
The strong vertical stratification in the shelf zone results in sharply contrasting characteristics of the surface and bottom
waters. It is established that the concentrations of biogenic elements regularly change depending on the thermohaline characteristics
of the waters and their stratification degree. Stagnant bottom waters with low dissolved oxygen contents and high concentrations
of phosphates, nitrates, and ammonium are recorded in the eastern part of the bay. The bottom waters have different hydrochemical
characteristics due to their different origin. 相似文献
9.
千里崖海域真光层光衰减 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据1986年6月在黄海中部的千里崖海域的水光学实测资料和实验室光学测量,讨论了真光层内光衰减系数在遥感和初级生产力中的应用,定量估算影响光衰减的主要物质成分对光衰减的贡献;并探讨了真光层深度、光衰减系数和透明度三者之间的统计关系。 相似文献
10.
We present the results of the investigation of the hydrodynamical regime of the coastal zone off Tuapse. We identified the spatial and temporal scales of the dynamic inhomogeneities. The intensity of the vertical component of the relative vorticity and its distribution in the waters of the coastal zone are estimated. We demonstrate that the effects found in the distributions of the relative vortex’s intensity and its orientation are able to lead to the formation of blocking water in marine coastal zones or, inversely, to prompt the ventilation of these waters. Based on the multidimensional statistical analysis, the relationship of the relative eddy distribution and the dynamical topography of the coastal waters was revealed which simplifies the problem of the blocking or ventilation of the coastal waters. 相似文献
11.
A. S. Kazmin 《Oceanology》2016,56(4):465-469
High-resolution satellite sea surface temperature measurements (PATHFINDER dataset) indicate that the fronts at the boundary of the East China Sea (Taiwan front, Kuroshio frontal zone, and South Korean coastal front) appear as a unified dominating frontal structure when climatological averaging is applied. This structure is about 1200 km in length, spreads over the continental shelf from Taiwan to the Tsushima Islands, and separates productive seawaters from the oligotrophic oceanic waters. The Kuroshio frontal zone, incorporated into this structure, reveals interannual variability with periods consistent with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (4–5 years). 相似文献
12.
We have studied the characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the Peter the Great Bay and the adjacent area of the northwestern Sea of Japan. The characteristics were determined using infrared images (NOAA/AVHRR satellite data) for July–October periods of 2000–2004. It is established that anticyclonic eddies are always present in the indicated area, since they have been identified on 85% of the available cloudfree images. Characteristics of 43 anticyclonic eddies have been determined. Their diameters vary from 20 to 110 km, with the most probable sizes within 20–60 km. The typical eddy lifetime varies from 3 to 30 days. However, some medium-sized eddies (40–60 km) have been observed for a longer time (up to 40–60 days) and large eddies (60–110 km in diameter) remained for up to 1–2 months. Eddies drift southwestward and southward along the continental slope at a typical speed of 3–6 cm/s. There are interannual variations in the vortex structure of water flows in the area studied, which are manifested by the presence of a single large eddy occupying a large part of the bay in some years (2000, 2002, and 2003) or by the formation of several smaller eddies (2001 and 2004). The eddies contain warmer and less saline shelf waters (compared to the surrounding water) and transport it in their cores over quite a long distance. Thus, eddies are an essential element of the process of the intermediate low-salinity water-mass formation in the Sea of Japan. In addition, eddies play important role in the cross-shelf water exchange, providing rapid ventilation of the coastal zone and determining the variability of the biological processes. 相似文献
13.
We discuss the results of the numerical experiment aimed at the simulation of the behavior of currents and transformations
of the temperature and salt modes in the Sevastopol Bay in January–February 1997. In the numerical analysis, we use actual
data on the velocity and direction of the wind, sea surface temperature, and the discharge of River Chernaya. It is shown
that the circulation and structure of hydrological fields are mainly connected with the direction of the wind, its intensity,
and variability in the course of time. Since the analyzed water area is shallow, the currents inside the bay undergo rapid
transformations (less than for an hour after changes in the wind). At the same time, the transformations of the thermohaline
fields are slower. Due to the inflow of fresh waters of River Chernaya and salt waters from the open sea through the strait,
the structure of thermohaline fields formed in the bay is nonuniform (both in the vertical and horizontal directions). The
distribution of salinity plays the main role in the formation of the vertical stratification, which is natural for the winter
season. Due to the process of freshening of water, a quite high vertical salinity gradient is formed in the upper layer of
the sea. As a result, the process of cooling does not lead to the appearance of convection and inversions of temperature are
formed in the case where warmer waters are located in the bottom layers.
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 60–76, March–April, 2005. 相似文献
14.
Basil R. Stanton 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):645-654
In the region between 30°S and northern New Zealand, vertical salinity profiles through the core of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) show a high degree of spatial and temporal variability, and this variability is much larger than that found in nearby ocean areas. Characteristic features are interleaving of salinity layers and large changes in the salinity minimum between adjacent stations. Quantifying the changes through the calculation of an intrusion index highlights the degree of variability and the importance of boundary mixing along the New Zealand slope. However, the main cause of the variability is the meeting and mixing of higher salinity AAIW, arriving from the north‐west (having travelled around the subtropical gyre) with lower salinity AAIW arriving by more direct entry from the north‐east. These waters meet in the region through the action of the meso‐scale eddy field. Present data indicate that where strong salinity interleaving occurs, the length scales are of the order of 10 km and the time scales are of the order of a few days. Resolution of the processes at work will require studies on finer scales than presently available. 相似文献
15.
The water dynamics and hydrological structure in the active (oxygen-containing) layer are considered on the basis of the hydrological survey carried out in the 50-mile near-shore zone of the Russian sector of the Black Sea in August 2004 and over the permanent section from Gelendzhik to the central part of the sea. Five mesoscale eddy structures of different signs were observed in the Main Black Sea Current between Sochi and the Kerch Strait. Such a dynamic situation contributed to the intensive horizontal water exchange between the near-shore and open sea waters as well as to the redistribution of water masses over the vertical in the active sea layer, which is indicated by the deepening of the top boundary of the hydrogen sulfide zone in the Russian sector of the sea by 15–20 m. 相似文献
16.
17.
Structure of the Subtropical Front in the Tasman Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
18.
Yuji Kashino Iwao Ueki Yoshifumi Kuroda Andri Purwandani 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):545-559
We investigated variability in the ocean surface-subsurface layer north of New Guinea using Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) buoys at 2°N, 138°E and 0°N, 138°E during the period from October 1999 to July 2004. Both North and South Pacific waters were observed below the subsurface at these stations. The variability in the subsurface waters was particularly high at 2°N, 138°E. Clear interannual variability occurred near the surface; the water type differed before and after onset of the 2002–03 El Niño. Before summer 2001, water that appeared to be advected from the central equatorial Pacific occupied the near surface layer. After autumn 2001, waters advected by the New Guinea Coastal Current were observed near the surface. Intraseasonal and seasonal variations were also observed below the subsurface. With regard to seasonal variability, the salinity of the subsurface saline water, the South Pacific Tropical Water, was generally high during the boreal summer-autumn, when the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent was strong. Intraseasonal fluctuations on a scale of 20 to 60 days were also seen and may have been associated with intrinsic oceanic variability, such as ocean eddies, near the stations. Ocean variability in the thermocline layer between 100 and 200 m greatly affects the surface dynamic height variability; water variability before 2001 and variability in the pycnocline depth after 2002 are important factors affecting the thermocline. 相似文献
19.
The analysis of the vertical distribution of the zooplankton and of the peculiarities of the specific, biotopic, trophic,
and spatial structures in relation to the hydrological features was performed on the basis of the data on the vertical zooplankton
sampling fulfilled at a transect along the coast of Morocco and Mauritania over depths of 1000 m in the summer of 2004. The
surveyed area is inhabited by five zooplankton complexes: three surface and two interzonal ones associated with the water
masses of different origin. The vertical boundary between the southern and northern complexes corresponds to the southern
boundary of the Senegal-Mauritanian frontal zone, while the horizontal boundary between the surface and the interzonal complexes
is mainly at the depths of about 200 m, and its location is basically determined by the water’s vertical dynamics. The surface
and interzonal complexes of northern origin are involved in the formation of a highly productive zone in the waters of Cape
Blanc. The formation of this zone is not related to upwelling. 相似文献
20.
A combination of δ~(18)O and salinity data was employed to explore the freshwater balance in the Canada Basin in summer 2008.The Arctic river water and Pacific river water were quantitatively distinguished by using different saline end-members.The fractions of total river water,including the Arctic and Pacific river water,were high in the upper 50 m and decreased with depth as well as increasing latitude.In contrast,the fraction of Pacific river water increased gradually with depth but decreased toward north.The inventory of total river water in the Canada Basin was higher than other arctic seas,indicating that Canada Basin was a main storage region for river water in the Arctic Ocean.The fraction of Arctic river water was higher than Pacific river water in the upper 50 m while the opposite was true below 50 m.As a result,the inventories of Pacific river water were higher than those of Arctic river water,demonstrating that the Pacific inflow through the Bering Strait is the main source of freshwater in the Canada Basin.Both the river water and sea-ice melted water in the permanent ice zone were more abundant than those in the region with sea-ice just melted.The fractions of total river water,Arctic river water,Pacific river water increased northward to the north of 82°N,indicating an additional source of river water in the permanent ice zone of the northern Canada Basin.A possible reason for the extra river water in the permanent ice zone is the lateral advection of shelf waters by the Trans-Polar Drift.The penetration depth of sea-ice melted waters was less than 30 m in the southern Canada Basin,while it extended to 125 m in the northern Canada Basin.The inventory of seaice melted water suggested that sea-ice melted waters were also accumulated in the permanent ice zone,attributing to the trap of earlier melted waters in the permanent ice zone via the Beaufort Gyre. 相似文献