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1.
横带髭鲷(Hapalogenys mucronatus)为我国东南沿海具有良好发展前景的养殖鱼类,目前亟待突破其规模化苗种培育的瓶颈技术问题。为探究横带髭鲷仔鱼发育阶段的摄食和生长特性,采用实验生态学方法,在水温(24±0.2)℃、盐度为26的条件下对饥饿仔鱼形态发育、生长、不可逆点及投喂状态下的摄食节律进行研究。结果表明,孵化出膜后的初孵仔鱼,3日龄开口摄食,进入混合营养期,3日龄卵黄囊消耗完毕,油球于8日龄消耗完全,混合营养期为5d。饥饿组仔鱼全长呈先增长后下降趋势,拐点出现在3日龄,在4日龄有畸形仔鱼出现。饥饿仔鱼初次摄食率为10.12%,最高初次摄食率出现在7日龄,为85.06%;PNR出现在7日龄和8日龄之间,至9日龄全部死亡。早期仔鱼(7日龄)的摄食高峰出现在7:00、11:00和15:00,晚期仔鱼(14日龄)在7:00、11:00、15:00和19:00四个时间段,摄食高峰均出现在白天,属于典型的白天摄食类型,随着仔鱼的生长发育,摄食高峰有所延长。横带髭鲷仔鱼最佳开口摄食时间在3日龄,掌握仔鱼的摄食高峰期,在此时间段驯化配合饲料,对于活体饵料向配合饲料的驯食转化具有重要实践意义。 相似文献
2.
半滑舌鳎仔稚鱼消化酶活性的变化 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对半滑舌鳎不同发育阶段主要消化酶（酸性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶）以及与消化吸收相关的碱性磷酸酶的活性变化进行了测定。结果表明，半滑舌鳎在仔鱼发育早期即可检出酸性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶的活力，碱性蛋白酶的2个极低值分别出现在仔鱼开口期和仔稚鱼的转交期，从孵化后23d左右胃腺出现时，酸性蛋白酶的活性开始明显升高。早期仔鱼体内表现出较强的淀粉酶活性，孵化后12d其活性急剧下降，并一直保持较低的比活力状态。脂肪酶的活性在半滑舌鳎早期仔鱼体内一直较低，进入稚鱼期后开始缓慢上升。碱性磷酸酶活性在变态结束后出现大幅度的升高，这标志着肠组织结构和肠道消化功能的完善。 相似文献
3.
斜带石斑鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食与生长特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
据2005年10～12月，在集美大学水产学院海水育苗试验场的试验数据，采用生态学方法对人工培育的斜带石斑鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食习性与生长特性进行了分析．结果表明，在水温为26．5～28．5℃时，仔鱼在孵出第4天开口摄食，开口饵料为牡蛎受精卵和担轮幼虫．以后随着鱼体的生长，依次投喂臂尾轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、桡足类、鱼糜．对422尾仔、稚鱼观察结果表明，其摄食率达95．1％，消化道饱满系数波动在0．96％～34．15％之间，日摄食指数在45．83％～82．08％之间，其摄食具有明显的昼夜节律，仔鱼摄食高峰出现在11：00和15：00，稚鱼摄食高峰出现在13：00和17：00，仔、稚鱼夜间基本不摄食．对较大个体的饵料生物有明显的选择性．摄食量（Y）与体重（形）的关系式为Y=0．017W＋0．198，全长（LT）与日龄（D）的关系式为Lr=2．229e^0.038D，体重（形）与日龄（D）的关系式为形=0．063e^0.130D，全长（LT）与体重（形）的回归方程为W=0．0047LT^3.319． 相似文献
4.
作者对鱼(Miichthys miiuy)的早期发育(从受精卵到45日龄幼鱼)形态特征及生态习性进行了描述。鱼的受精卵在水温21.4℃～22.0℃，盐度25.7条件下，经过29 h30 min仔鱼孵出。从受精卵到仔鱼出膜可分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、胚体形成期等4个主要时期，然后进入胚后发育阶段。孵出后的3日龄仔鱼已能在水体中平游，极少数个体可开口摄食轮虫。4日龄仔鱼全部开口摄食，并对光反应敏感，出现明显的集群现象。22日龄的后期仔鱼各鳍鳍条发育形成，鳞片开始出现，进入到稚鱼期。39日龄后，鱼全身披满细小的鳞片，全部分布于育苗池的底部，开始进入到幼鱼发育阶段。根据仔、稚、幼鱼形态特征和生活习性对鱼的分类进行了探讨。 相似文献
5.
漠斑牙鲆早期发育阶段的摄食与生长特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006年12月至2007年2月,在漳州市东山县华涛水产综合养殖场,采用生态学方法对人工培育的漠斑牙鲆仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食习性与生长特性进行了分析.结果表明,在水温为18.1～23℃时,仔鱼在孵出第6天开口摄食,开口饵料为褶皱臂尾轮虫(Bruchionus plicatilis),以后随着鱼体的生长,开始投喂卤虫无节幼体.对288尾仔、稚、幼鱼观察结果表明,其摄食率达83.0%,消化道饱满系数波动在0.9%～6.6%之间,日摄食指数在6.8%～29.6%;摄食具有明显的昼夜节律,一昼夜中仔鱼出现两个摄食高峰,分别出现在12:00和翌日08:00,稚鱼摄食高峰出现在10:00～14:00,幼鱼摄食高峰出现在12:00,但12:00～20:00均保持较高的摄食水平.仔、稚鱼夜间基本不摄食,幼鱼夜间有少量摄食.摄食量(y)与体重(W)的关系式为y=0.030 7W 0.050 5,全长(LT)与日龄(D)的关系式为LT=2.666 1e0.043 3D,体重(W)与日龄(D)的关系式为W=0.065e0.169 3D,全长(LT)与体重(W)的回归方程为W=0.001 8LT3.689 4. 相似文献
6.
《应用海洋学学报》2015,(3)
于2013年5~7月对人工培育的云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)仔、稚鱼的摄食习性与生长特性进行了研究.在水温为(26.7±1.3)℃的培育条件下,云纹石斑鱼仔、稚鱼摄食能力强;仔鱼4日龄开口,摄食率为40.00%;仔、稚鱼平均摄食率为97.63%,且13日龄之后的平均饱食个体比例为92.25%,摄食量(y)与体重(W)的关系可用二项式方程y=0.000 1W2+0.055 9W-0.629 8表达;云纹石斑鱼仔鱼、稚鱼在白天均出现两个摄食高峰,夜间基本不摄食,为白天摄食类型,并可以初步确定以鱼体重的10%~20%和8%~10%分别作为云纹石斑鱼仔鱼和稚鱼的日投喂量.全长(Lt)与日龄(D)的回归方程为Lt=0.008 8D2+0.162 2D+1.114 5,体重(Wt)与日龄(D)的回归方程为Wt=0.366 0D2-11.361D+59.022 3,全长(Lt)与体重(Wt)的回归方程为Wt=0.011 7Lt3.017 8,b=3.017 8约等于3,表明云纹石斑鱼仔、稚鱼为均匀生长类型. 相似文献
7.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(5)
为确定花鲈仔鱼初次摄食的不可逆点(PNR),通过人工催产、孵化获得花鲈仔鱼,在水温(21±1)℃、盐度26条件下,开展了初孵仔鱼的饥饿实验,研究了在饥饿状态下花鲈仔鱼的不可逆点(PNR)及投喂状态下仔鱼期的摄食节律。研究表明,花鲈仔鱼孵化后,4日龄开始摄食外源食物,进入混合营养期,6日龄卵黄囊消失,进入外源营养期,混合营养期仅2d。饥饿组仔鱼生长呈现先增长后下降的趋势,部分仔鱼身体出现畸形。白天为室内自然光照(500~800lx),夜间为人工光源(200~250lx),在此条件下,早期仔鱼(5日龄)在14:00和20:00摄食率高于50%;晚期仔鱼(11日龄)在08:00、14:00和20:00摄食率均高于50%,属于典型的白天摄食类型,且随着仔鱼的生长发育,摄食高峰期逐渐延长。研究结果表明,在(21±1)℃的水温条件下,花鲈仔鱼的最佳投喂时机在4日龄,9日龄至10日龄抵达不可逆点,仔鱼的主要摄食时间为午后到傍晚,夜间弱光照条件下也会进行摄食。 相似文献
8.
《海洋科学》2010,(1)
作者对鮸鱼(Miichthys miiuy)的早期发育(从受精卵到45日龄幼鱼)形态特征及生态习性进行了描述。鮸鱼的受精卵在水温21.4℃~22.0℃,盐度25.7条件下,经过29 h30 min仔鱼孵出。从受精卵到仔鱼出膜可分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、胚体形成期等4个主要时期,然后进入胚后发育阶段。孵出后的3日龄仔鱼已能在水体中平游,极少数个体可开口摄食轮虫。4日龄仔鱼全部开口摄食,并对光反应敏感,出现明显的集群现象。22日龄的后期仔鱼各鳍鳍条发育形成,鳞片开始出现,进入到稚鱼期。39日龄后,鮸鱼全身披满细小的鳞片,全部分布于育苗池的底部,开始进入到幼鱼发育阶段。根据仔、稚、幼鱼形态特征和生活习性对鮸鱼的分类进行了探讨。 相似文献
9.
骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP2）在脊椎动物的骨形成、尤其是诱导成骨方面具有至关重要的作用。本研究克隆了半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossussemilaevis）BMP2基因的cDNA序列，分析其在半滑舌鳎成鱼的组织表达差异及其在早期发育阶段的定位和表达变化趋势，并检测了其启动子活性。研究结果表明，半滑舌鳎BMP2基因cDNA全长为2048bp，编码422个氨基酸。BMP2mRNA在半滑舌鳎成鱼的14个组织中具有广泛的分布，并在脊髓中表达量最高。此外，BMP2基因在早期胚胎发育阶段（原肠期）具有极高水平的表达，其表达量约为其他发育阶段表达量的10倍。整体原位杂交检测结果表明，BMP2mRNA在1日龄仔鱼主要在冠状幼鳍、心和肝表达，在脊索有微量表达；随后，3日龄仔鱼的BMP2mRNA主要表达于脊索。通过对BMP2基因5''上游调控区片段进行启动子活性分析，发现了-179～+109片段可能包含启动子活性增强原件，生物信息学预测该片段包含的锌指转录因子等可能参与了BMP2的转录调控。 相似文献
10.
卵胎生许氏平鲉仔鱼与稚鱼发育形态学特征观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文对许氏平鲉胚后发育组织进行了较为详细观察,研究结果表明:许氏平蚰0日龄(dph)仔鱼,即未产出仔鱼,体长3.8~4.7mm,油球大而明显;初孵仔鱼体长5.0~6.5mm,已经开口,尚未摄食,体表仅分布有黑色素;2日龄仔鱼,开始摄食轮虫,鳔已充气,并出现虹彩色素;3日龄仔鱼,脑颅后方增加一丛色素,尾部放射丝出现,仔鱼摄食量大大增加;4日龄仔鱼,卵黄囊吸收殆尽,头颅后部和腹腔上缘开始分化出点状黄色素;5日龄仔鱼,胸鳍可垂直向外伸展,上下颌开启频繁;12日龄仔鱼,具有集群和趋光性;20日龄仔鱼,体前部呈黑色,在水中分散均匀,摄食旺盛;25目龄稚鱼,全长6.55~8.42mm,体前部开始出现黑色条带痕迹;30日龄稚鱼,头部眼的上缘有一横带,鱼体侧出现3条黑褐色的横条带;40日龄稚鱼,全长15.50~35.55mm,鱼体体型与成鱼相似,体侧有6~7条黑褐色的横条带;60日龄幼鱼,具有成鱼的形态,鱼体发育进入幼鱼期,并开始转入水体下层活动。通过对许氏平鲉由早期发育的形态学观察,了解其仔、稚鱼的发育规律和种属的特异性,不仅可以丰富对鱼类早期生活史的认识,而且对进一步进行许氏平鲉的生产育苗起到积极的推进作用。 相似文献
11.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
12.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
13.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
14.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
16.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献
17.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
18.
Andrzej Chybicki 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):1-23
Current trends of development of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) models rely on applying calibration techniques including analytical approaches, neuro-fuzzy systems, regression optimization and others. In most of the cases, the SDB models are calibrated and verified for test sites, that provide favorable conditions for the remote derivation of bathymetry such as high water clarity, homogenous bottom type, low amount of sediment in the water and other factors. In this paper, a novel 3-dimensional geographical weighted regression (3GWR) SDB technique is presented, it binds together methods already presented in other studies, the geographically weighted local regression (GWR) model, with depth dependent inverse optimization. The proposed SDB model was calibrated and verified on a relatively difficult test site of the South Baltic near-shore areas with the use of multispectral observations acquired by a recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite observation system. By conducted experiments, it was shown that the proposed SDB model is capable of obtaining satisfactory results of RMSE ranging from 0.88 to 1.23[m] depending on the observation and can derive bathymetry for depths up to 12m. It was also shown, that the proposed approach may be used operationally, for instance, in the continuous assessment of temporal bathymetry changes, for areas important in the context of ensuring local maritime safety. 相似文献
19.
N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):251-258
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
20.
An Improved Calibration of Satellite Altimetric Heights Using Tide Gauge Sea Levels with Adjustment for Land Motion 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gary T. Mitchum 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(3):145-166
Several major improvements to an existing method for calibrating satellite altimeters using tide gauge data are described. The calibration is in the sense of monitoring and correcting temporal drift in the altimetric time series, which is essential in efforts to use the altimetric data for especially demanding applications. Examples include the determination of the rate of change of global mean sea level and the study of the relatively subtle, but climatically important, decadal variations in basin scale sea levels. The improvements are to the method described by Mitchum (1998a), and the modifications are of two basic types. First, since the method depends on the cancellation of true ocean signals by differencing the altimetric data from the tide gauge sea level time series, improvements are made that produce a more complete removal of the ocean signals that comprise the noise for the altimetric drift estimation problem. Second, a major error source in the tide gauge data, namely land motion, is explicitly addressed and corrections are developed that incorporate space-based geodetic data (continuous GPS and DORIS measurements). The long-term solution, having such geodetic measurements available at all the tide gauges, is not yet a reality, so an interim solution is developed. The improved method is applied to the TOPEX altimetric data. The Side A data (August 1992?February 1999) are found to have a linear drift component of 0.55 + / 0.39 mm/yr, but there is also a significant quadratic component to the drift that is presently unexplained. The TOPEX Side B altimeter is estimated to be biased by 7.0 + / 0.7 mm relative to the Side A altimeter based on an analysis of the first 350 days of Side B data. 相似文献