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1.
疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera)性畸变现象的解剖学和组织学研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以解剖学和组织学的方法研究了有机锡污染生物指示种——疣荔枝螺的正常雄、雌和性畸变个体的生殖系统。结果表明,性畸变个体除具有正常的雌性器官外,还有输精管或阴茎。当性畸变程度严重时,性畸变不育个体的卵囊腺组织出现破损,并具有不规则块状的不育卵囊和未排出的正常卵囊。虽然性畸变个体的雄性器官具有表现出雄性功能的潜能,但由于缺少精巢或完整的前列腺,不可能发展成为具有雄性功能的个体,这与性逆转有着本质上的区别。有机锡污染引起的性畸变已对疣荔枝螺种群生存构成了潜在的威胁,深化此类负面生态效应的研究是人类面临的重要课题。  相似文献   

2.
从2000年3月到2002年10月对中国沿海海产腹足类性畸变的大范围调查过程中.在广东省汕头港、湛江港和厦门港分别采集到西格织纹螺(Nassarius siquijorensis)、胆形织纹螺(Nassarius thersites)和节织纹螺(Nassarius hepaticus)等3个种,解剖观察发现3种织纹螺的雌性个体都发生了性畸变现象。根据织纹螺性畸变的发展过程,对目前的性畸变发展划分体系作了新的修改和补充。通过对比性畸变个体与正常雄性个体的特征.探讨了雄性个体结构特征在性畸变过程中的效应。  相似文献   

3.
对疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera Kuster)早期发育进行了研究,记录了疣荔枝螺各个发育时期的特征和生长数据。研究表明,在温度27~28℃条件下,疣荔枝螺受精卵在卵囊内经过卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、膜内担轮幼虫期和膜内面盘又重启,最后出膜进入卵囊外浮游幼虫期,全程需要14 d。在卵囊外浮游幼虫平均每天生长16.35μm,经历25 d左右变态成为稚螺,随后一直营匍匐生活。本研究结果为疣荔枝螺的人工繁育提供了重要理论基础。  相似文献   

4.
对舟山东极岛潮间带野生黄口荔枝螺Thaisluteostoma Holten和疣荔枝螺T.clavigeraKuster软体部的主要营养成分进行了分析,结果表明,两种螺的蛋白质质量分别占各自湿质量的(20.24±0.016)%和(19.16±0.004)%,粗脂肪质量分别占各自湿质量的(1.28±0.03)%和(0.86±0.010)%,糖分质量分别占各自湿质量的(2.11±0.005)%和(1.93±0.003)%;在两种螺的蛋白质中均检测出17种氨基酸,每100 g软体部干品的氨基酸质量疣荔枝螺为68.14 g、黄口荔枝螺为60.17 g;必需氨基酸质量分数与总氨基酸质量分数的比值疣荔枝螺为37.48%,黄口荔枝螺为35.57%;必需氨基酸质量分数与非必需氨基酸质量分数的比值疣荔枝螺和黄口荔枝螺分别为56.28%和55.20%,其必需氨基酸模式基本接近FAO/WHO的优良蛋白质理想模式;在粗脂肪中各检测出14种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸比例高;软体部中的重金属含量均在安全范围内。由此可见,两种螺均具有较高的营养价值和保健价值。  相似文献   

5.
2002年3月和10月分别在广东省惠州港和南澳岛采集褐棘螺(Chicoreus brunneus)和亚洲棘螺(C.asianus)。解剖观察发现这2个采样点2种棘螺的雌性个体都发生了性畸变现象。惠州港的棘螺已畸变到雌性个体不育的地步.这表明由于有机锡污染引起的性畸变现象对棘螺的生殖已造成严重的影响,并有可能导致棘螺的区域性灭绝。  相似文献   

6.
朱仁华 《海洋学报》1983,5(3):363-367
在青岛近海潮间带,有三种常见的海螺(朝鲜花冠小月螺、单齿螺和疣荔枝螺).从这三种海螺的消化道和内脏中,提得粗酶液,对三种海藻1)(袋礁膜、条斑紫菜和裙带菜,分属于绿、红和褐藻)都有明显的分解胞壁作用[1],故称解壁酶.其中朝鲜花冠小月螺酶的解壁效果最好,疣荔枝螺酶最差,解壁酶的发现,为海藻细胞生物学研究、单细胞或原生质体育苗、通过细胞融合培养新的杂交藻种、研究和提取亚细胞成分等提供了一种有用的工具.  相似文献   

7.
本实验开展了疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera Kuster)室内全人工繁育技术研究;具体包括亲螺人工促熟蓄养、卵囊采集、孵化、幼虫培育、变态和采苗等技术研究,同时,还开展了后期面盘幼虫对不同附着基的喜好选择性实验,以及不同饵料和光照对幼虫附着的影响研究。研究表明:雌螺分批产卵,单个雌螺平均每次产出受精卵为61 750粒;在水温27~29℃时,面盘幼虫经过20 d左右的生长发育,壳长达到约600 μm,此时开始附着变态,由浮游生活转变为底栖生活;附着后10 d左右变态为稚螺。后期面盘幼虫对附着基的选择性实验表明,固着牡蛎苗的栉孔扇贝壳和附有底栖硅藻的波纹板,是稚螺理想的附着基。不同饵料和光照对幼虫附着影响实验结果表明:在附着变态期间,自然光照有利于幼虫附着变态;同时,连续投喂糠虾肉糜可显著提高幼虫变态率和稚螺成活率。本研究结果为今后疣荔枝螺产业化繁育提供了重要的理论和技术支持。  相似文献   

8.
小型腹足类生物在我国种类繁多,但其相关研究在国内基本属于空白.本文对荣成天鹅湖大叶藻间的2种小型腹足类生物进行了形态学及分子生物学(16S和28S rRNA基因片段)研究.结果表明,根据形态学所鉴定的短剑螺属未定种Machaeroplax sp.,应为畦螺属未定种Lirularia sp.;分子生物学研究结果支持形态学对刺绣翼螺Alaba picta的鉴定.同时,与A.picta有一定形态学差异的其它4种相近形态的小型腹足类,在基因序列及遗传距离上与刺绣翼螺非常接近,亦应为刺绣翼螺Alaba picta.  相似文献   

9.
舟山朱家尖岛潮间带软体动物生态初步调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文共报道软体动物88种,隶属5纲49科。潮间带软体动物按栖息底质分为三个类型:1.岩礁相:高潮带生物组成为粒屋顶螺群落和短滨螺—粒屋顶螺群落;中潮带为单齿螺—条纹隔贻贝群落、疣荔枝螺—青蚶—单齿螺群落和锈凹螺—疣荔枝螺群落;低潮带为锈凹螺—复瓦小蛇螺群落。2.泥相为珠带拟蟹守螺—婆罗囊螺群落。3.砂相:高潮带与中潮带上层未发现有软体动物分布,中、低潮带的较高潮区为紫藤斧蛤群落,较低潮区为等边浅蛤群落。 潮间带贝类生物量的季节变化规律如下:岩礁相依春、冬、秋、夏递减,泥相依夏、秋、冬、春递减,砂相依冬、秋、夏、春递减。 此外,本文还与中国沿海生物调查作了比较,其生物量与栖息密度的变化规律极为相似。  相似文献   

10.
朱仁华 《海洋学报》1983,5(4):513-518
三种海螺(朝鲜花冠小月螺、单齿螺和疣荔枝螺)解壁酶,对三种海藻(分属于绿、红和褐藻)都有明显的分解胞壁作用[1],其效果优于一般的纤维素酶制剂。海螺解壁酶是混合酶,除纤维素酶(Cx、C1)和果胶酶外[2],还有分解海藻胞壁结构多糖、专一性更强的酶。  相似文献   

11.
Imposex was measured in the rock shell, Thais clavigera, from the coast of the Korean peninsula. Frequency of imposex was 0% at two reference sites, but at 47 out of 61 sites, frequency of imposex was recorded as 100%. The degree of imposex was relatively high at the sites near a harbor and a shipyard. Tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) concentrations in T. clavigera ranged from 5 to 508 ng/g and from 3 to 2460 ng/g, respectively. A significant positive relationship was found between degree of imposex and organotin concentration, whereas a significant negative relationship was obtained between female-to-male sex ratio and the degree of imposex. During a field transplantation of T. clavigera from a pristine area to a port, TBT and TPT were accumulated in T. clavigera, and imposex was induced. T. clavigera shows considerable potential as a bioindicator species of the adverse effects of TBT and TPT contamination.  相似文献   

12.
The occurrence of imposex, imposition of male sex characteristics on female snails, has been extensively documented throughout the world. Tributyltin (TBT) and other organotins have been causally linked to imposex induction at levels as low as 2 ng/l. There are several proposed mechanisms of action. First, TBT has been shown to be neurotoxic and to accumulate in snail ganglia. Peptide hormones control sexual differentiation in gastropods, and one hypothesis is that TBT acts as a neurotoxin to abnormally release the peptide hormone Penis Morphogenic Factor (PMF). However, PMF has not been characterized to date. The neuropeptide APGWamide significantly induces imposex in the mud snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta, at 10(-16) moles sub-cutaneous (SQ) injection over 2 weeks, and could be the PMF in this species. A second hypothesis is that TBT inhibits aromatase activity leading to increased testosterone levels and decreased estradiol. In vitro studies with snail digestive gland microsomes showed that TBT-dosed snails not exhibiting imposex had a 52% reduction in aromatase activity. Although the role of vertebrate sex steroids is not known in gastropods, it is possible that the combination of changes in peptide and steroid hormones may lead to imposex induction at extremely low doses of TBT.  相似文献   

13.
The occurrence of imposex, imposition of male sex characteristics on female snails, has been extensively documented throughout the world. Tributyltin (TBT) and other organotins have been causally linked to imposex induction at levels as low as 2 ng/l. There are several proposed mechanisms of action. First, TBT has been shown to be neurotoxic and to accumulate in snail ganglia. Peptide hormones control sexual differentiation in gastropods, and one hypothesis is that TBT acts as a neurotoxin to abnormally release the peptide hormone Penis Morphogenic Factor (PMF). However, PMF has not been characterized to date. The neuropeptide APGWamide significantly induces imposex in the mud snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta, at 10−16 moles sub-cutaneous (SQ) injection over 2 weeks, and could be the PMF in this species. A second hypothesis is that TBT inhibits aromatase activity leading to increased testosterone levels and decreased estradiol. In vitro studies with snail digestive gland microsomes showed that TBT-dosed snails not exhibiting imposex had a 52% reduction in aromatase activity. Although the role of vertebrate sex steroids is not known in gastropods, it is possible that the combination of changes in peptide and steroid hormones may lead to imposex induction at extremely low doses of TBT.  相似文献   

14.
Several cruises were carried out on the Eastern Scheldt between September 1992 and March 1995 to study the frequency and appearance of imposex in the common whelk, Buccinum undatum L. Incidences of imposex were always > 90%. For the first time several stages of imposex in Buccinum undatum are reported. The evolution of imposex in the whelk seems to follow a similar route as in Hinia reticulata belonging to the same superfamily (Buccinacea). Tissue organotin concentrations of animals collected in February 1995 showed the highest organotin concentrations in the digestive gland and lowest in the foot of the animals. Concentrations of phenyltin compounds (up to 625 ngSn/g DW) were much higher than those of butyltin compounds (up to 40 ngSn/g DW).  相似文献   

15.
The muricid gastropod Bolinus brandaris exhibited imposex, a phenomenon linked to the use of organotin biocides. Several stages of imposex development (1-5) could be distinguished and were documented with SEM-photographs for the first time in this species. Additional alterations of the genital tract in females (blocked vulva preventing copulation and deposition of egg capsules) and males (excrecences on the penis and vas deferens) were shown. Imposex intensity on the Catalan coast was very high. The frequency of imposex off Barcelona and Vilanova i la Geltrú was 100%, with all females showing stage 4. Imposex frequency off Sant Carles de la Ràpita was 99.7% and the VDS index scored 3.9. Despite regulations of TBT-containing antifouling paints in Spain since 1990, the present study revealed that frequency and intensity of imposex have increased on the Catalan coast, at least since 1997. However, at present, imposex does not apparently affect the population dynamics of B. brandaris in the studied area, since no serious consequences on female reproduction (only one case of female sterilization) were detected. Gonadal activity and oogenesis were not suppressed or supplanted by spermatogenesis. Sex ratios were not male-biased. Possible sources of organotin biocides are examined.  相似文献   

16.
The muricid gastropod Bolinus brandaris exhibited imposex, a phenomenon linked to the use of organotin biocides. Several stages of imposex development (1–5) could be distinguished and were documented with SEM-photographs for the first time in this species. Additional alterations of the genital tract in females (blocked vulva preventing copulation and deposition of egg capsules) and males (excrecences on the penis and vas deferens) were shown. Imposex intensity on the Catalan coast was very high. The frequency of imposex off Barcelona and Vilanova i la Geltrú was 100%, with all females showing stage 4. Imposex frequency off Sant Carles de la Ràpita was 99.7% and the VDS index scored 3.9. Despite regulations of TBT-containing antifouling paints in Spain since 1990, the present study revealed that frequency and intensity of imposex have increased on the Catalan coast, at least since 1997. However, at present, imposex does not apparently affect the population dynamics of B. brandaris in the studied area, since no serious consequences on female reproduction (only one case of female sterilization) were detected. Gonadal activity and oogenesis were not suppressed or supplanted by spermatogenesis. Sex ratios were not male-biased. Possible sources of organotin biocides are examined.  相似文献   

17.
Imposex incidence and biometric parameters were investigated in six muricid species along of 1200 km of Ecuadorian shore and in Galapagos archipelago. The obtained data, were compared to previous studies performed in the same area in 2009. The results showed that moderate imposex levels still occur in coastal areas of Ecuador, even after global TBT ban. However, a reduction in imposex parameters was detected in the sampled sites, indicating probably relationship to the global TBT ban issued by IMO at 2008. On the other hand, the levels currently reported in present study indicates that TBT environmental concentrations are still high enough to produce biological effects in studied areas. In addition, imposex incidence in four muricid species from Galapagos islands were detected suggesting that this marine protected area is under threat of antifouling contamination. These findings, after TBT global ban, denotes that current regulations and conservation plans still need to address such an issue and incorporate more restrictive management rules, particularly in complex coastal areas, vulnerable and unique systems such as the Galapagos Islands.  相似文献   

18.
Caged dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) were placed in situ at sites along the River Tyne (UK) in order to investigate the potential for monitoring any change in tributyltin (TBT) mediated effects. After 6 months the development of imposex was investigated in the dogwhelks and concentrations of TBT were determined in the whole tissues of both species. Sites within the estuary showed a high degree of imposex, whilst those at sites North and South of the estuary mouth exhibited significantly lower induction. Concentrations of TBT measured in the dogwhelk and mussel tissues showed the same pattern. The success of the caging technique, occurrence of imposex at other UK sites and the need for further monitoring at TBT impacted locations in the light of current international controls on the use of TBT-based antifouling paints on sea-going vessels are discussed.  相似文献   

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