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1.
利用透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)技术,对采自我国沿海海域的若干水样进行观察,对其中的海链藻属Thalassiosira Cleve开展了分类学的专题研究.鉴定了5个种和变种为我国的新记录种类,它们分别是伦德海链藻 Thalassiosira lundiana Fryxell、单环突海链藻 Thalassiosira monoporocyclus Hasle、厄氏海链藻范氏变种 Thalassiosira oestrupii var. venrickae (Ostenfeld) Fryxell et Hasle、玫瑰海链藻 Thalassiosira rosulata Takano和地中海海链藻 Thalassiosira mediterranea (Schroder) Hasle.对每个种类的形态学特征、生活习性和生态分布进行说明并提供了电镜照片. 相似文献
2.
春季长江口北支邻近海域浮游植物群落及其影响因子 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解长江口北支邻近海域浮游植物群落结构特征,于2014年5月对该海域进行采样调查,分析了调查区域内的浮游植物群落组成及环境影响因素,并对比了水采和网采两种采样方法所得样品的差异性。结果表明:水采浮游植物种类数(178种)和细胞平均丰度(270.32×103cells/L)均高于网采浮游植物种类数(154种)和细胞平均丰度(6.44×10~3cells/L)。骨条藻Skeletonema spp.、具槽帕拉藻Paralia sulcata和双角缝舟藻Rhaphoneis amphiceros为两种方法的共同优势种。水采样品优势种还包括线形海链藻Thalassiosira lineate、角海链藻Thalassiosira angulate、全沟藻Teleaulax spp.、锥状斯克里普藻Scrippsiella trochoidea、旋链海链藻Thalassiosira curviseriata,而网采样品优势种还有琼氏圆筛藻Coscinodiscus jonesianus。聚类分析结果显示水采浮游植物群落比网采浮游植物群落更聚集,相似性百分比分析进一步揭示两种采样方法群落格局间非相似性高达68.2%,造成两种采样方法差异的主要判别种为旋链海链藻、角海链藻和盾卵形藻Cocconeis scutellum。冗余分析表明,影响浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子为悬浮物浓度、温度、透明度和盐度。 相似文献
3.
2006年秋季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物群集 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2006年11月在长江口及其邻近水域(30°30′N～32°30′N,121°E～123°30′E)39个测站采集的浮游植物水样研究了该水域浮游植物群集特征。调查区浮游植物以硅藻和甲藻为主,此外还有少量的金藻、蓝藻和绿藻。浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.13～59.69个/mL之间,平均为4.39个/mL,主要优势物种为圆海链藻Thalassiosira rotula和骨条藻Skeletonema spp.,调查区两个细胞丰度密集区分别出现在靠近口门以及外海水域。浮游植物细胞在20m层出现最大值。调查区两个典型断面的浮游植物分布特征分别由骨条藻和圆海链藻所刻画。固氮蓝藻铁氏束毛藻Trichodesmium thiebautii主要出现在调查区东部水域表层。根据浮游植物物种和细胞丰度进行聚类分析后,发现存在调查区东部与近岸2个浮游植物分区。 相似文献
4.
黄海冷水团邻近海域浮游植物的昼夜垂直变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
于2006-10-19~20日在黄海南部海域进行定点(123°30′E,33°00′N)采样观测,用Uterm hl方法分析了浮游植物群集的垂直分布时间序列变化。研究结果表明:铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautiiGomont)为最优势种,其他优势种依次为具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata(Ehrenberg)Cleve)、圆海链藻(Thalassiosira rotula Meunier)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides Grunow)和佛氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii Grunow)。硅藻在物种丰富度上占优势。调查期浮游植物细胞丰度介于(1.111~2 042.889)cells mL-1,平均值为192.756 cells mL-1。浮游植物细胞丰度垂直分布特征是表层水体最高,10m层迅速降低,底层最低。浮游植物细胞丰度随时间具有一定的波动,10月19日12:00和10月20日0:00在表、底层水体各出现2个细胞丰度峰值,10 m层的2个峰值比表、底层均滞后3 h。调查期浮游植物群集各层差异明显。 相似文献
5.
纳米TiO2 对海洋生源要素含量及威氏海链藻生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨不同质量浓度纳米TiO2(0,4,8,12,16,20 mg/L)对海洋生源要素(N,P,Si,Fe)含量及威氏海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)生长的影响。实验结果表明:随纳米二氧化钛浓度增大,对海洋生源要素的吸附率有不同程度的提高,海洋生源要素含量下降,对磷和铁的影响最为明显;纳米二氧化钛吸附对氮磷比和硅磷比影响很大,氮磷比为68~126,硅磷比为74~135,而对硅氮比影响很小基本维持在1。纳米二氧化钛对威氏海链藻生长有明显抑制,并存在剂量—效应关系,与海洋生源要素含量影响存在相关性。 相似文献
6.
近海污染物对海洋浮游植物生长及生化组成影响的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
威氏海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)属沿海中心硅藻纲,是海洋硅藻的模式种之一。实验探讨氮营养盐(硝酸盐,N,c(N)分别为8.0,16.0,32.0,64.0μmol/L)、石油烃(0号柴油分散液,WAFs,c(WAFs)分别为0,0.1,0.5,1.0,5.0 mg/L)、抗生素(土霉素,c(OTC)分别为,0,1.0,3.0,5.0,10.0 mg/L)等3类近海常见污染物对威氏海链藻细胞生长及生化组成的影响。结果表明,3类近海常见污染物对藻生长(即藻细胞密度)、叶绿素a合成、蛋白质生成、藻细胞抗氧化能力(即超氧化物歧化酶活性)、脂质过氧化(即丙二醛含量)的影响程度分别为WAFsNOTC、NOTCWAFs、NWAFsOTC、WAFsNOTC、OTCNWAFs;影响程度的差异,揭示了近海各污染物的毒性作用机制及靶位不同。 相似文献
7.
大亚湾澳头增养殖区赤潮与环境的关系研究II.环境因子与微量元素主导型赤潮的关系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据1998年4月至6月和1999年3月至6月对大亚湾澳头海域增养殖区的水环境监测，采用误差反向传播人工神经网络模型，研究各环境因子对细弱海链藻Thalassiosira subtilis与远距角毛藻Chaetoceros distans生长的影响。结果表明，硒、铁分别对细弱海链藻水华、远距角毛藻水华的发生起重要作用。采用单纯形法建立了藻类生物量与主要影响因子的多无非线Cobb-Douglass方程，对2种藻类水发生状态的模拟结果准确分别为77.8%和100%。 相似文献
8.
Gene specific primers and DNA probe were designed based on the sequence of 18S rDNA cloned from the red tide alga Thalassiosira rotula. A real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RFQ-PCR) method was developed for quantitative detection of T.rotula. The RFQ-PCR assay data showed that the results obtained with the RFQ-PCR quite good agreement with those with the light microscope (LM) counting method, which suggested that the RFQ-PCR could be a useful method for red tide alga detection. 相似文献
9.
不同氮磷比对中肋骨条藻和威氏海链藻生长特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
实验室条件下用不同氮磷摩尔比(4:1,16:1,64:1)的培养液培养中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和威氏海链藻Thalassiosira weissflogii,对它们的比生长率、细胞状态、细胞对外界氮磷营养元素的吸收和细胞内氮磷比的变化进行了研究.结果表明,氮磷比显著影响两种硅藻的生长和生理状态,氮浓度对细胞生长的影响更大.N限制组(N:P=4:1)的比生长率、细胞数量和叶绿素a含量明显低于正常条件和P限制组(N;P=64:1);威氏海链藻生长对N的变化比中肋骨条藻更为敏感,吸收外界无机氮的速率更快.营养盐充足的情况下,水体中藻细胞的氮磷比变化会较小,但由于"奢侈消费"现象的存在,在出现营养盐限制时,细胞的氮磷比组成会跟随环境的氮磷比改变,在氮限制的条件下,细胞的氮磷比会相应减少,而相反在磷限制的条件下,细胞的氮磷比会明显增加. 相似文献
10.
本文研究以3种典型重金属离子镉(Cd~(2+))、铜(Cu~(2+))和锌(Zn~(2+)),在不同浓度下对威氏海链藻(Conticribra weissflogii)在生长、光系统Ⅱ最大光能转化效率和油脂含量方面的影响,为重金属离子在海洋微藻生理方面的毒性以及油脂合成的影响提供了新的结果。3种重金属离子Cd~(2+)(2mg/L)、Cu~(2+)(2mg/L)和Zn~(2+)(1mg/L)在低浓度下对威氏海链藻的生长速率影响与对照组相比无显著差异,当Cd~(2+)5mg/L,Cu~(2+)5mg/L或Zn~(2+)10mg/L后,3种重金属便显著抑制威氏海链藻的生长速率。重金属Zn~(2+)对威氏海链藻的光系统II最大光能转化效率F_v/F_m影响较小。威氏海链藻在30mg/L Zn~(2+)影响下光系统Ⅱ最大光能转化效率F_v/F_m仍能达到(0.21±0.01),而Cd~(2+)或Cu~(2+)5mg/L时完全抑制了威氏海链藻的光系统Ⅱ最大光能转化效率。0.5mg/L Zn~(2+)对威氏海链藻的油脂含量有显著促进作用,油脂含量达到对照组1.2倍,其余金属离子浓度均无法有效促进威氏海链藻油脂的积累。 相似文献
11.
The scuticociliatid ciliates Ancistrum haliotis and A. crassum are parasites that may cause high mortality in the cultured abalone Haliotis spp. and the bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum. Traditional identification with silver staining methods is hampered by their morphological similarities to closely related species and the complicated procedures of morphological analysis. We designed two SSU rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes labeled with a fluorochrome, and optimized the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocols for identification of A. halioti and A. crassum, respectively. The assays resulted in a clear identification by strong fluorescence signals from the oligonucleotide probes. The method can be used for quick and accurate quantitative analysis of A. haliotis and A. crassum infections on host molluscs. 相似文献
12.
CHEN Guofu WANG Quanfu ZHANG Chunyun ZHANG Baoyu WANG Guangce LU Douding XU Zhong YAN Peishen 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(2):66-75
Harmful algal blooms recently have been under the spotlight throughout the world, because of their negative impact on the marine environment, aquaculture, fisheries as well as public health. The development of methods for rapid and precise identification and quantification of causative species is essential for the warning and monitoring of blooms, among which the techniques based on taxonomic probes are the most favored. In this study, two harmful algae, i.e., Prorocentrum minimum and Karenia mikimotoi were taken into consideration. The partial large subunit rDNA (D1-D2) of both species were firstly PCR-amplified, cloned and sequenced. The obtained sequences were then introduced to carry out alignment analysis for gene specific regions. Three respective candidate probes for each species were designed and used to screen the optimal probe by performing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) tests. The results showed that the probes Pmin0443 and Kmik0602 displayed the best hybridization for P. minimum and K. mikimotoi, respectively. Both the specific (taxonomic) (Pmin0443 and Kmik0602) and the control probes (UniC0512 and UniR0499) were used for cross-reactivity tests with other microalgae in our laboratory. The probes Pmin0443 and Kmik0602 are specific and could be served as taxonomic probes introduced into the techniques targeting rRNA, such as FISH, sandwich hybridization, and DNA-microarray assay of P. minimum and K. mikimotoi in the future. Finally, FISH analyses with both probes were performed on the simulated field samples. The probes could hybridize exclusively with the target cells well, and no significant difference (p >0.05) was observed in the cell densities of the samples determined by FISH and light microscopy (LM). All suggest that the probes are specific and could be introduced into FISH for the monitoring of both harmful algae. 相似文献
13.
Partial rDNA sequences of Prorocentrum minimum and Takayama pulchella were amplified,cloned and sequenced,and these sequence data were deposited in the GenBank.Eight oligonucleotide probes(DNA probes)were designed based on the sequence analysis.The probes were employed to detect and identify P.minimum and T. pulchella in unialgal and mixed algal samples with a fuorescence in situ hybridization method using flow cytometry.Epifluorescence micrographs showed that these specific probes labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate entered the algal cells and bound to target sequences,and the fluorescence signal resulting from whole-cell hybridization varied from probe to probe.These DNA probes and the hybridization protocol we developed were specific and effective for P.minimum and T. pulchella,without any specific binding to other algal species.The hyrbridization efficiency of difierent probes specific to P.minimum was in the order:PMl8S02＞PM28S02＞PM28S01＞PM18S01,and that of the probes specific to T. pulchella was TP18S02＞TP28S01＞TP28S02＞TP18S01.The djfferent hybridization efficiency of the DNA probes could also be shown in the fuorescent signals between the labeled and unlabeled cells demonstrated using flow cytometry.The DNA probes PM18S02,PM28S02,TPl8S02 and TP28S01,and the protocol,were also useful for the detection of algae in natural samples. 相似文献
14.
Partial rDNA sequences of Prorocentrum minimum and Takayama pulchella were amplified,cloned and sequenced,and these sequence data were deposited in the GenBank.Eight oligonucleotide probes(DNA probes)were designed based on the sequence analysis.The probes were employed to detect and identify P.minimum and T. pulchella in unialgal and mixed algal samples with a fuorescence in situ hybridization method using flow cytometry.Epifluorescence micrographs showed that these specific probes labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate entered the algal cells and bound to target sequences,and the fluorescence signal resulting from whole-cell hybridization varied from probe to probe.These DNA probes and the hybridization protocol we developed were specific and effective for P.minimum and T. pulchella,without any specific binding to other algal species.The hyrbridization efficiency of difierent probes specific to P.minimum was in the order:PMl8S02＞PM28S02＞PM28S01＞PM18S01,and that of the probes specific to T. pulchella was TP18S02＞TP28S01＞TP28S02＞TP18S01.The djfferent hybridization efficiency of the DNA probes could also be shown in the fuorescent signals between the labeled and unlabeled cells demonstrated using flow cytometry.The DNA probes PM18S02,PM28S02,TPl8S02 and TP28S01,and the protocol,were also useful for the detection of algae in natural samples. 相似文献
15.
赤潮叉角藻18SrDNA和ITS区序列测定与分析 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
采用PCR及克隆测序的方法，对1998年引发渤海赤潮的叉角藻18SrRNAadldey DNAITS区（Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions)进行了序列测定与分析。并通过因特网从国际分子生物学数据库中获取甲藻另外15个种的18rDNA序列，以Tetrahymena corlissi作为类群，分别采用Neighbor-Joining和Fitch方法构建甲藻较为一致和可靠的进化树图，探讨具有高度多样性和在分类上争议较多的甲藻各类群之间的形态与分子进化关系。结果表明，Prorocentrum(有2个简单的壳板）出现得较早，而大多数多甲藻目（覆盖着多个壳板）、裸甲藻目（大多数不具壳板）和膝沟藻目的成员较晚出现。另外，对叉角藻ITS区的分析表明，ITS区为高变区，是良好的分子标记，可用于叉角藻快速鉴定的专一性核酸分子探针的研制。 相似文献
16.
赤潮异弯藻和海洋原甲藻LSU Rdna扩增及序列分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用引物D1R和D2C扩增并测定了赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo Hada)和海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg)的LSU rDNA D1与D2序列,并与GenBank中相关序列进行比较分析.结果表明:在种内水平,所测的H.akashiwo 6个株系之间共有5个变异位点,序列H.k与H.k-2,H.k-4均存在碱基替换;原甲藻属不同种内各株系之间的遗传距离为0.002～0.023之间,所测序列P.mi与P.micans其他株系之间均存在碱基替换.在种间水平上,原甲藻属不同种之间的遗传距离在0.045～0.139之间,大于种内遗传距离,每个种都具有特定的保守序列.根据序列间的遗传变异,可设计特异性的探针对不同株系和物种进行检测和计数. 相似文献
17.
Some features of jump in water temperature in aSargassum forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To clarify the influence of aSargassum forest on water temperature distributions observations were made inside and outside aSargassum forest off the Nagata Shore on the northern Saiki Bay open to the Bungo Channel on the Pacific side of Kyushu, Japan. About sixty thermistor probes were deployed at 0.5 m depth intervals from the bottom to the sea surface at seven stations spaced at 50–80 m distances along two transects: one inside the forest and the other outside. Water temperature was measured at five minutes intervals from 6 to 9 August 1987 with thermistor probes. The spatial standing crop distribution of theSargassum forest along the transects was investigated. A water temperature jump of about 2°C, recorded during the observation, is probably caused by an intrusion of a warm water mass from the central Bungo Channel to Saiki Bay. The water temperature jump under theSargassum forest on the rough bottom with stones occurred one to two hours behind that outside the forest (sandy bed) although the distance between the transects inside and outside the forest was only 50–80 m. It is suggested that theSargassum forest and the rough bottom would prevent intruding warm water from smoothly replacing cold water due to resistance of theSargassum species and the bottom to a current. 相似文献
18.
对7株赤潮原甲藻28S rDNA 5'端部分序列进行扩增、克隆和序列测定,并从GeneBank上获取14个原甲藻28S rDNA序列,用NJ法和ME法构建了原甲藻属的系统树,并对序列进行分析.结果表明,7株原甲藻28S rDNA扩增序列长度为950~958 bp,通过NJ法和ME法构建的系统树完全一致.大部分分离自不同海域的同种原甲藻的序列高度保守,而不同种间在序列高变区却有较大的差异.但来自南海海域的海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)与分离自其他海域的株系序列差异较大,甚至超出了有些种间的差异.由28S rDNA高变区获得的序列,有望成为浮游植物特异性分子探针设计的良好靶区域. 相似文献
19.
The major glutathione S-transferase isoform of flounder liver, an antigenically related structural homologue of plaice GST-A, also displays mRNA homology. A 901bp cRNA probe for plaice GST-A cross-hybridised to a 1100bp flounder mRNA on northern blot analysis. The plaice antibody and cRNA probes were used to study effects of inducer treatment on GST-A expression in flounder liver. Six days after PAH treatment (3-methylcholanthrene) total hepatic GST activity was halved, levels of GST-A were 80% and GST-A mRNA levels were 25% of controls. A commercial PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254TM) had little effect on total GST or GST-A levels despite halving GST-A mRNA levels. An epoxide, trans-stilbene oxide induced total GST activity 1·4 fold and GST-A protein levels 1·8-fold and its mRNA levels 3-fold. This reduced expression of the major flounder hepatic GST by agents which induce cytochrome P4501A1 may modulate cytoxicity of environmental pollutants in this species. 相似文献
20.
用双特异探针技术定性定量分析微型原甲藻 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
针对微型原甲藻核糖体大亚基和小亚基RNA分别设计了大亚基探针(LSU probe)和小亚基探针(SSU probe),发展了对微型原甲藻进行定性和定量分析的双特异探针技术.分析数据表明针对微型原甲藻核糖体大亚基RNA的LSU probe能够特异地将微型原甲藻和其他7种微藻分开,而且检测信号的强弱在一定的范围内与细胞数呈线性关系;由于针对微型原甲藻核糖体小亚基的SSU probe探针由于与具齿原甲藻存在核酸序列一致性,该探针与具齿原甲藻有严重的交叉反应,但未发现与海洋原甲藻和其他藻的交叉反应.另外,研究还优化了破碎微型原甲藻细胞所需的超声时间以及获得探针的特异性所需的S1酶反应温度.本研究为实现对微型原甲藻海水样品的快速准确监测奠定了基础. 相似文献