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1.
针对南海神狐海区含天然气水合物的高孔隙度、以粉砂质黏土为主的未固结的深水沉积地层,采用Lee提出的改进的Biot-Gassmann(BGTL)模型,利用纵波速度数据估算了A井天然气水合物的饱和度。BGTL模型假设非固结沉积地层的横波速度与纵波速度比与地层骨架的横波速度与纵波速度比与地层孔隙度有关。模型中参数的选择与天然气水合物在沉积物中的赋存方式、沉积物的矿物组成、地层压差、孔隙度及微观孔隙结构等参数密切相关。A井中天然气水合物在沉积物中赋存模式接近于颗粒骨架支撑模式。根据岩心分析资料将A井的矿物骨架简化为黏土矿物、碳酸盐、陆源碎屑3类,根据各矿物组分的理论弹性参数和体积百分比可以计算得到地层骨架的弹性模量和密度。应用BGTL理论估算得到的A井天然气水合物主要赋存于海底以下195～220mbsf井段,饱和度多数为20%～40%,最大饱和度为47%左右,与实测结果吻合。 相似文献
2.
南海陆坡天然气水合物饱和度估计 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于双相介质理论和热弹性理论，建立了沉积层纵波速度与天然气水合物饱和度、弹性性质及地层孔隙度之间的关系。通过对比饱和水的理论P波速度与实际P波速度，可以得到天然气水合物饱和度。根据ODP184航次的电阻率、声波速度、密度等测井资料以及地质资料，初步推断南海陆坡存在天然气水合物。根据声波测井的纵波速度估算出南海1146和1148井天然气水合物饱和度分别为孔隙空间的25％～30％和10％～20％，1148井个别沉积层天然气水合物饱和度可达40％～50％。沉积层的纵波速度与饱和水速度差值越大，天然气水合物饱和度越高。 相似文献
3.
以前的研究表明密度和核磁共振测井数据可用来精确计算储层的天然气饱和度。传统的气体储层中开发的用于天然气饱和度计算的密度-磁共振法也可用于天然气水合物饱和度分析。在不使用复杂方程或假设的情况下，基于经验方程，密度-磁共振方法可得到精确的地层孔隙度、气体和（或）天然气水合物饱和度。本文通过密度-磁共振响应方法来识别Mallik 5L-38井所穿沉积剖面中的天然气水合物带。结果证明密度-磁共振方法可以计算经气体校正后的孔隙度和精确的天然气水合物饱和度。 相似文献
4.
通过分析天然气水合物在海洋中的6种主要赋存状态类型,总结了每种赋存状态之间的相互转化关系及其物性参数计算方法,并应用到地震波场的正演模拟中。对比研究了声波模型、弹性波模型和双相介质模型对各种水合物赋存地层的响应特征,结果表明:1)当地层中存在孔隙充填型水合物且下伏地层不含游离气时,双相介质模拟的含水合物层底界表现负极性特征;当充填结核型水合物时,弹性介质和双相介质模拟的水合物底界反射呈负极性;2)当地层充填颗粒包裹型水合物且下伏地层含游离气时,无论是低频(25 Hz)条件还是提高子波主频(40 Hz),3种介质模拟水合物的地震响应特征都很明显,但水合物层底界反射振幅随偏移距变化的关系存在差异;3)当沉积薄层中充填颗粒间胶结型水合物且下伏地层含游离气时,弹性介质和双相介质模拟水合物薄层底界的反射振幅随偏移距的增大而减小;将水合物类型改为颗粒支撑型并提高子波主频,声波介质和弹性介质模拟水合物层底界的反射振幅随偏移距的增大而减小。 相似文献
5.
径向基函数神经网络在计算天然气水合物饱和度中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然气水合物饱和度的计算通常采用阿尔奇公式、双水模型、Wood 方程等方法,这些方法均基于孔隙度的求取,并需要配合岩心分析来获得公式中的有关参数,存在误差传递导致结果不正确的问题.由于天然气水合物是以固态形式赋存于地层当中,因此研究适用于含天然气水合物储层的评价模型也是解决准确评价天然气水合物储层需考虑的因素.针对沿用油气测井评价方法计算天然气水合物的孔隙度和饱和度中存在的问题,采用径向基函数作为人工神经网络,计算了我国首次采获水合物样品的神狐海域某井天然气水合物的饱和度,以其中一口井的分析数据为样本训练并建立径向基函数神经网络,有效地求出了另一口井的天然气水合物饱和度,其结果与现场孔隙水分析的饱和度基本吻合.避开了天然气水合物饱和度的模型建立及参数求取难题. 相似文献
6.
针对天然气水合物沉积成矿因素不明确等问题,通过利用南海北部神狐海域的高分辨率三维地震、测井和岩心等资料,对晚中新世以来的地层进行了高分辨率层序划分和精细的沉积解释。从温压、沉积、构造等方面探讨了神狐海域天然气水合物分布的主控因素,认为：BSR上部附近处于水合物稳定温压范围内;粗粒沉积物有利于天然气水合物的富集;在含水合物层段内,孔隙度与天然气水合物饱合度成正比关系;滑塌体是天然气水合物赋存的有利相带;气烟囱形成过程中产生的断裂系统可为富含甲烷流体向上运移提供通道,并在其上部滑塌体富集成矿。因此,神狐海域具备天然气水合物成藏的优越条件,是天然气水合物勘探开发的有利区块。 相似文献
7.
以别林斯高晋海陆缘地质环境、天然气水合物存在标志如BSR为线索,认为南极半岛别林斯高晋海陆隆上快速堆积体具有天然气水合物成藏的良好环境。根据ODP太平洋钻探计划178航次的钻孔、地震剖面等数据,从沉积、气源、热流场、成藏关键时间分析研究区域含天然气水合物的成藏条件,通过研究区天然气水合物综合异常图及综合成藏系统表,预测南极半岛别林斯高晋海陆缘天然气水合物成藏区域在陆隆快速堆积体7上,研究区的天然气水合物可能成藏的区域在地层单元I和II,年龄应是全新世到上新世晚期(0～2.1Ma)。运用体积法对其天然气水合物资源量进行计算,预测资源量较大,为今后南极区域天然气水合物的调查研究提供参考。 相似文献
8.
用井底测井技术来确定海洋沉积中气体水合物和地震信号与气体水合物下面游离气的联系已衩证明为非常有效。最近在布来克脊的钻探中,大洋钻探计划（ODP）记录到的现场测得速度和电阻率测井提示在温压稳定带内水合物含量深度的加大而增大。对应的剪切刚度（Vp/Vs比率减小）变小,含水合物层声波幅度减小是由于沉积物中的颗粒被水合物胶结,这解释了布来克脊地区采集的地震剖面普遍存在的振幅空白带现象。 将来的钻探活动中,采用安置在钻头正上方的随钻测井（LWD）传感器将改进孔隙度、气体水合物的横向变化和储层潜力现象精度估计。 相似文献
9.
天然气水合物作为潜能巨大、资源量丰富、燃烧值高的未来新能源,但由于其特殊的物理力学性质和赋存状态,经济开采技术仍面临诸多难题.本文以全球勘探发现存在天然气水合物的地区为基础,介绍了全球主要水合物的海陆资源分布及开采难易程度;以主要影响天然气水合物开采方式选择因素为基础,分析了天然气水合物在地层中的赋存类型、成藏模式和储... 相似文献
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11.
Presence of gas hydrate and free gas in Iranian part of Makran accretionary prism changes the elastic properties of unconsolidated sediments and produces sharp bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) which are observed on the 2-D seismic data. Different methods have been applied to estimate the gas hydrate and free gas saturations in marine sediments based on seismic measurements. Most of these methods are based on relating the elastic properties to the hydrate and free gas saturations and remotely estimating their concentration. In this regard, using the effective medium theory (EMT) which was developed for different modes of hydrate distribution is more considered among other rock physics theories. The main concern about saturation estimations based on EMT is that the velocities of the hydrate-bearing sediments primarily depend on how they are distributed within the pore space. Therefore, understanding the modes of hydrate distribution (at least cementing or non-cementing modes) is necessary to decrease the estimation uncertainties.The first intention of paper is to investigate amplitude variation versus offset (AVO) analysis of BSR to determine the hydrate distribution modes. The results from the probable saturation revealed that if the hydrate cements the sediment grains, BSR would show the AVO class IV and if hydrate does not cement the sediment grains, then BSR would show either the AVO class II or class III depending on the free gas saturation just beneath the BSR. The second intention of paper is to introduce some templates called reflectivity templates (RTs) for quantitative study of hydrate resources. These templates are provided based on the EMT to quantify the hydrate and free gas near the BSR. Validation of this approach by synthetic data showed that a reliable quantification could be achieved by intercept-gradient RTs, only if these attributes are determined with a high accuracy and good assumptions are made about the mineralogical composition and porosity of the unconsolidated host sediments. The results of this approach applied to a 2-D marine pre-stack time migrated seismic line showed that less than 10% of the gas hydrate accumulated near to the BSR in anticlinal-ridge type structure of Iranian deep sea sediments. The free gas saturation near to the BSR by assuming a homogeneous distribution was less than 3% and by assuming patchy distribution was about 3–10%. 相似文献
12.
Shiguo Wu Xiujuan Wang How Kin Wong Guangxue Zhang 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2007,28(2):127-138
The passive northern continental margin of the South China Sea is rich in gas hydrates, as inferred from the occurrence of
bottom-simulating reflectors (BSR) and from well logging data at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill sites. Nonetheless, BSRs
on new 2D multichannel seismic reflection data from the area around the Dongsha Islands (the Dongsha Rise) are not ubiquitous.
They are confined to complex diapiric structures and active fault zones located between the Dongsha Rise and the surrounding
depressions, implying that gas hydrate occurrence is likewise limited to these areas. Most of the BSRs have low amplitude
and are therefore not clearly recognizable. Acoustic impedance provides information on rock properties and has been used to
estimate gas hydrate concentration. Gas hydrate-bearing sediments have acoustic impedance that is higher than that of the
surrounding sediments devoid of hydrates. Based on well logging data, the relationship between acoustic impedance and porosity
can be obtained by a linear regression, and the degree of gas hydrate saturation can be determined using Archie’s equation.
By applying these methods to multichannel seismic data and well logging data from the northern South China Sea, the gas hydrate
concentration is found to be 3–25% of the pore space at ODP Site 1148 depending on sub-surface depth, and is estimated to
be less than values of 5% estimated along seismic profile 0101. Our results suggest that saturation of gas hydrate in the
northern South China Sea is higher than that estimated from well resistivity log data in the gas hydrate stability zone, but
that free gas is scarce beneath this zone. It is probably the scarcity of free gas that is responsible for the low amplitudes
of the BSRs. 相似文献
13.
Drilling on Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon, during ODP Leg 204 enabled us to investigate fabrics of gas hydrate samples in
a wide depth range of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). X-ray computerized tomographic imaging on whole-round samples,
frozen in liquid nitrogen, revealed that layered gas hydrate structures are related to variable processes occurring at different
sediment depths. Shallow gas hydrates often form layers parallel or sub-parallel to bedding and also crosscut sedimentary
strata and other gas hydrate layers, destroying the original depositional fabric. The dynamic processes interacting with this
complicated plumbing system in this shallow environment are responsible for such highly variable gas hydrate fabrics. Gas
hydrate layers deeper in the sediments are most often dipping with various angles, and are interpreted as gas hydrate precipitates
filling tectonic fractures. These originally open fractures are potential candidates for free gas transportation, and might
explain why free gas can rapidly emanate from below the bottom-simulating reflector through the GHSZ to the seafloor.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
14.
深海,特别是天然气水合物区的沉积物-孔隙水体系中,Ba循环受到孔隙水中的硫酸盐(SO24-)和甲烷(CH4)之间的氧化还原反应的强烈制约。沉积物中"Ba峰"的存在体现了SO2-4亏损的长时间累积效应,并与海平面变化制约下的天然气水合物分解有关。南海北部陆坡ODP1146站钻孔上部深度185m沉积物中发育了4个"Ba峰",其中发育于深度约58m的"Ba峰"(F3)与当前SO2-4-CH4反应界面(SMI)深度一致,推断其他3个"Ba峰"(F1、F2和F4)对应的SMI深度分别约为24m、46m和84m。"Ba峰"最大峰值与沉积物Cl通量减小和冰期-间冰期转换带的对应性表明:在冰期,海平面大幅度降低诱发的浅水区(如东沙群岛附近)天然气水合物的分解持续释放了低盐度、高浓度CH4流体,其中部分流体迁移至ODP1146站所在的陆坡区沉积物中,导致了间隙水中SO2-4的持续亏损和自生Ba的长时间累积,结果在冰期-间冰期转换阶段形成显著的"Ba峰";同时,部分逸散于大气中的CH4加快了冰期的结束。在距今约50万年的冰期-间冰期旋回制约下的海平面周期性变化过程中,南海北部浅水区天然气水合物分解释放的低盐度和高浓度CH4流体也间歇地迁移至深水陆坡沉积区,导致了多个"Ba峰"的形成和沉积埋藏。"Ba峰"可以用于评价历史时期南海北部陆坡天然气水合物分解释放甲烷通量的变化。 相似文献
15.
Seismic properties of sediments are strongly influenced by pore fluids. Stiffness of unconsolidated marine sediment increases
with the presence of gas hydrate and decreases with the presence of gas. A strong bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) observed
on a seismic profile in the Makran accretionary prism, offshore Pakistan, indicates the presence of gas hydrate and free-gas
across the BSR. Elastic properties of gas depend largely on pressure and temperature. We, therefore, first determine the elastic
modulus of gas at pressure and temperature calculated at the BSR depth in the study region. The interval velocities derived
from the seismic data are interpreted by the effective medium theory, which is a combination of self-consistent approximation
and differential effective medium theories, together with a smoothing approximation, for assessment of gas hydrate and free-gas.
The results show the saturations of gas hydrate and free-gas as 22 and 2.4% of pore space, respectively, across the BSR. 相似文献
16.
天然气水合物的上界面——硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
栾锡武 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2009,(2)
定义了海域天然气水合物成矿带的上界面。指出在地球深部存在最原始的、从根本上不依靠光合作用来生存的生命系统。根据对ODP岩心样品中微生物数量的统计,海底以下沉积层中的生物数量可能占据全球原核生物总量的70%,其生物总碳量和地球表面所有植物的碳总量相当。地球内部如此巨大的生物总量应该在地壳中的气体分布等方面起着重要作用。甲烷在地壳层中广泛存在,并主要是微生物成因的。微生物产甲烷的途径主要有两个,一是二氧化碳还原,另一个是醋酸盐发酵。相应地,参与产甲烷的微生物菌群主要是产甲烷菌和食醋酸菌。甲烷在沉积层中的厌氧氧化是一个不争的事实。该过程发生在海底以下一个非常局限的区带,称为硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化区带。通常,这个区带很窄,仅为一个面,因此,硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化区带又称硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面。这是一个基本的生物地球化学界面,在功能上它起到屏蔽甲烷向海底和大气逸散的作用,是一个巨大的甲烷汇。甲烷的厌氧氧化同样是一个由微生物介导的过程,参与此过程的微生物主要是食甲烷古菌和硫酸盐还原菌。硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面在海洋沉积层中一般深可达海底以下上百米,浅可至海底。此界面为天然气水合物的上界面,该界面以上没有甲烷... 相似文献
17.
Physical properties of sediment from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
William Winters Michael WalkerRobert Hunter Timothy CollettRay Boswell Kelly RoseWilliam Waite Marta TorresShirish Patil Abhijit Dandekar 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(2):361-380
This study characterizes cored and logged sedimentary strata from the February 2007 BP Exploration Alaska, Department of Energy, U.S. Geological Survey (BPXA-DOE-USGS) Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well on the Alaska North Slope (ANS). The physical-properties program analyzed core samples recovered from the well, and in conjunction with downhole geophysical logs, produced an extensive dataset including grain size, water content, porosity, grain density, bulk density, permeability, X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and petrography.This study documents the physical property interrelationships in the well and demonstrates their correlation with the occurrence of gas hydrate. Gas hydrate (GH) occurs in three unconsolidated, coarse silt to fine sand intervals within the Paleocene and Eocene beds of the Sagavanirktok Formation: Unit D-GH (614.4 m-627.9 m); unit C-GH1 (649.8 m-660.8 m); and unit C-GH2 (663.2 m-666.3 m). These intervals are overlain by fine to coarse silt intervals with greater clay content. A deeper interval (unit B) is similar lithologically to the gas-hydrate-bearing strata; however, it is water-saturated and contains no hydrate.In this system it appears that high sediment permeability (k) is critical to the formation of concentrated hydrate deposits. Intervals D-GH and C-GH1 have average “plug” intrinsic permeability to nitrogen values of 1700 mD and 675 mD, respectively. These values are in strong contrast with those of the overlying, gas-hydrate-free sediments, which have k values of 5.7 mD and 49 mD, respectively, and thus would have provided effective seals to trap free gas. The relation between permeability and porosity critically influences the occurrence of GH. For example, an average increase of 4% in porosity increases permeability by an order of magnitude, but the presence of a second fluid (e.g., methane from dissociating gas hydrate) in the reservoir reduces permeability by more than an order of magnitude. 相似文献
18.
Unique problems associated with seismic analysis of partially gas-saturated unconsolidated sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gas hydrate stability conditions restrict the occurrence of gas hydrate to unconsolidated and high water-content sediments at shallow depths. Because of these host sediments properties, seismic and well log data acquired for the detection of free gas and associated gas hydrate-bearing sediments often require nonconventional analysis. For example, a conventional method of identifying free gas using the compressional/shear-wave velocity (Vp/Vs) ratio at the logging frequency will not work, unless the free-gas saturations are more than about 40%. The P-wave velocity dispersion of partially gas-saturated sediments causes a problem in interpreting well log velocities and seismic data. Using the White, J.E. [1975. Computed seismic speeds and attenuation in rocks with partial gas saturation. Geophysics 40, 224–232] model for partially gas-saturated sediments, the difference between well log and seismic velocities can be reconciled. The inclusion of P-wave velocity dispersion in interpreting well log data is, therefore, essential to identify free gas and to tie surface seismic data to synthetic seismograms. 相似文献