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我国是依据法制管理疏浚物海洋倾废的国家。几年来,疏浚物海洋倾废研究也相应发展到一定水平。实践经验和理论研究表明:从疏浚物排海时刻起到污染物的最后归宿止,它所经历的物理、化学、生物过程是十分复杂的过程。其中,物理过程是最基本的过程,亦即海洋自净研究的核心内容是其沉降、扩散和输运。因此,本文旨在对疏浚物海洋倾废研究现状进行概述,内容涉及基线研究,环境质量现状评价,疏浚物沉降过程实验和数值分析,声学追踪试验,同位素技术应用,流场数值分析,标识质点漂移数值跟踪试验,抛泥运移数值模拟以及环境影响预测等。最后介绍一种“疏浚物倾倒区选划模式”并对今后疏浚物海洋倾废研究提出一点建议供参考。 相似文献
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本文结合我国跨世纪特大工程“西煤东运新铁路通道”出海港（黄骅港）疏浚物倾倒区（即抛泥区）的选择，应用中子活化示踪砂技术进行了疏浚物倾倒区的疏浚经济性的研究，为疏浚物倾倒区的优化选择提供了一一种测算方法。文中介绍了比选公式，测算方法及比选的经济效益，并应就方法的应用条件进行了讨论和说明。 相似文献
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利用声学技术于1992年6月在营口鲅鱼固港进行了疏浚物海上倾倒声学试验。研究了疏浚物倾倒后的沉降、扩散和迁移特性,统计得出疏浚物云团垂直尺度、水平尺度及云团中心浓度与时间的关系式;计算了扩散系数,估算了倾倒后水体中疏浚物悬浮颗粒量;得出了云团漂移方向、距离和影响范围以及云团在海中的长存留时间;进而确定了疏浚物倾倒入海后的物理行为和归宿。 相似文献
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随着港湾开发、航道疏浚、疏浚物的倾倒量急剧增加,据不完全统计,仅1979年世界疏浚物挖掘总量达6×10~8t,占全球倾废总量的大部分.因此疏浚物的倾废已成为全球性关注的环境问题,海上倾废目前仍是最经济最有效的倾弃方式.由于工业、城市排污的影响,港湾航道疏浚物往往不同程度地被毒物沾污,大量疏浚物排入海洋之后,所含毒物的行为和环境影响必须进行科学的评价和预测,以便防止对海洋环境的破坏.因此疏浚物中有毒物质在海水中的溶出过程研究正在引起普遍重视.70年代以来,Kudo、James。Reece、Delaune及李锦霞等都在针对特定河流港湾的环境问题陆续进行过这方面的研究工作,我国这方面工作正处在初步的探索性阶段. 相似文献
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到1997年5月,我国各海区正在使用的试验倾废区、临时倾废区已经达到54个。1985年～1986年和1991年～1992年,有关部门曾2次组织对倾废区进行调查,调查结果显示,疏浚物是我国海洋倾废的主要废弃物之一,疏浚物的倾倒已经对海洋环境造成了一定程度的危害。 对废弃物倾倒后产生的有害环境影响进行专 相似文献
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根据2012-10青岛海洋倾倒区水质监测数据,采用单因子质量指数法对该倾倒区的水质进行评价。通过海上倾倒试验,了解倾倒疏浚物在该倾倒区周边海域的悬浮物扩散特征,试验结果表明:位于青岛文昌鱼水生野生动物自然保护区的部分监测站位无机氮、磷酸盐、铜、铅、镉超过GB 3097-1997《海水水质标准》中第一类水质标准,其他站位各监测因子符合GB 3097-1997《海水水质标准》中第二类水质标准;在落潮流时,倾倒疏浚物造成倾倒区周边海域悬浮物含量暂时升高,持续时间约30~50min。疏浚物倾倒后形成的云团在海流作用下向东北方向漂移,主要对青岛文昌鱼水生野生动物自然保护区西北部海域产生暂时影响,疏浚物倾倒造成水体悬浮物含量增高的影响距离为顺流方向2.9km。 相似文献
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本文报道了在实验室条件,对厦门东渡港和筼筜湖疏浚物海洋倾废后Cd的溶出,及已达溶出平衡的疏浚物对天然海水中Cd再吸附的模拟研究的结果,讨论了溶出与再吸附过程所遵循的动力学规律。 相似文献
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通过搜集和查阅国内外关于倾废对海洋生态环境影响方面的文献资料,并对其进行整理分析,主要选择典型海洋倾倒区的研究评价,系统阐述了疏浚物倾倒对区域海洋生态环境的影响和对策方面已经开展的理论和学术研究,较清晰地阐明了倾废对海洋生态环境影响的国内外研究动态,对科学认识疏浚物倾倒对海洋生态环境的影响和加强海洋倾倒管理具有重要的理论和现实意义。 相似文献
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海洋倾废最早从疏浚物开始。1875年美国费城就在海上设置了疏浚物倾倒区。目前,无论国际或国内,疏浚物海上倾倒数量均居所有废弃物之首。疏浚物的海上处置已成为目前海洋倾废管理中最重要的任务之一。 1.伦敦倾废公约附件应用于疏浚物处置指南伦敦倾废公约附件一规定了禁止向海洋倾倒的物质,但含有这些物质的阴沟淤泥和疏浚物,若为“痕量沾污物”或能“通过海 相似文献
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以连云港羊窝头抛泥区为研究区域 ,对疏浚工程中产生的大量疏浚弃土倾倒入海后 ,所产生弃土的堆积—流失—扩散过程以及海域环境效应 ,进行了现场观测和计算 ,并从物理、化学和生物 3个方面对海区的水质、底质和生态环境的影响作出客观分析。认为疏浚的环境效应主要取决于疏浚弃土本身的受污染程度 ,而对海域环境的影响 ,则主要是弃土扩散所造成的海水中悬浮沙量增加引起水质浑浊度的增高的物理性影响 ,同时由于弃土中大量的粘粒和胶粒物质具有吸附海水中重金属和有机物等污染物质的能力 ,有利于水质和生态环境的改善 ,因而对各类海洋生物生存环境的影响是十分轻微的。 相似文献
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Don Maurer Richard T. Keck Jeff C. Tinsman Wayne A. Leathem 《Marine environmental research》1981,4(4):299-319
Benthic invertebrates have many characteristics which make them prime candidates for burial studies in dredged material. A major concern in dredging and disposal projects is the effect of burial on the survival of benthic invertebrates. The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to determine the ability of estuarine benthos—in particular three species of molluscs (Mercenaria mercenaria, Nucula proxima and Ilyanassa obsoleta)—to migrate vertically in natural and exotic sediments and to determine the survival of benthos when exposed to particular amounts of simulated dredged material.Mortalities generally increased with increased sediment depth, with increased burial time and with overlying sediments whose particle size distribution differed from that of the species native sediment. Temperature affected mortalities and vertical migration. It was concluded that vertical migration is a viable process which can significantly affect rehabilitation of a dredged disposal area. Under certain conditions, vertical migration should be considered, together with larval settling and immigration from outside impacted areas, as a mechanism of recruiting a dredgedump site. 相似文献
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Don Maurer Richard T Keck Jeff C Tinsman Wayne A Leathem 《Marine environmental research》1982,6(1):49-68
The survival of benthic invertebrates from dredging and disposal activities is a major environmental concern in such projects. The purpose of the research described in this paper was to determine the ability of benthos (polychaetes, Scoloplos fragilis and Nereis succinea) to migrate vertically in natural and exotic sediments and to determine the survival of benthos when exposed to particular amounts of simulated dredged material.Mortalities generally increased with increased sediment depth, exotic sediment and burial time. Temperature also affected vertical migration and mortalities. These experiments, together with other experiments conducted by us and other workers, indicate that polychaetes in particular, and benthos in general, can survive dredging and disposal projects. Under certain conditions several major taxa (polychaetes, molluscs, crustaceans) can be expected to successfully recolonise disposal sites by vertical migration. 相似文献
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Sediment management is becoming a critical issue around the world, particularly where the development of Harbor facilities, the conservation of coastal environments and needs of tourism compete for sustainable use of sediment resources. In order to apply an Integrated Coastal Zone Management policy, new approaches for management of the dredged harbor material need to be considered by the scientific community and local stakeholders. The information contained in the Italian Ministry of the Environment Acts related to dredging of Carrara Harbor determined the sediment volume dredged between 1993 and 2008 (849,500 m3) and allows us to estimate an average rate of material dredged from the harbor mouth (10,000-13,000 m3/yr). Different management options were chosen by the authorities based on the contamination level of dredged sediment: nourishment (344,500 m3), offshore dumping (305,000 m3), disposal in landfill (10,000 m3) or in Confined Disposal Facilities (215,000 m3). The present study’s goal is to determine the sedimentary budget of the Apuo-Versilian coast and to use the result to guide a compensation strategy to reduce the sediment deficit caused by the disposal of sediments out of the sand-sharing system. In particular, the present study provides a detailed reference frame that can lead to adopt a compensation strategy to balance the eroding evolutionary trend of the coastline adjacent to shallow water dredging areas. The procedure described in the paper is a policy initiative based on scientific results and could provide a model for other jurisdictions developing their own sediment quantitative estimation within an ICZM approach and a sustainable development of sedimentary resource’s management. 相似文献
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Don Maurer Richard T. Keck Jeff C. Tinsman Wayne A. Leathem 《Marine environmental research》1981,5(4):301-317
Benthic invertebrates have many characteristics which make them prime candidates for burial studies in dredged material. A major concern in dredging and disposal projects is the effect of burial on the survival of benthic invertebrates. The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to determine the ability of estuarine benthos—in particular three species of molluscs (Mercenaria mercenaria, Nucula proxima and Ilyanassa obsoleta)—to migrate vertically in natural and exotic sediments and to determine the survival of benthos when exposed to particular amounts of simulated dredged material.Mortalities generally increased with increased sediment depth, with increased burial time and with overlying sediments whose particle size distribution differed from that of the species native sediment. Temperature affected mortalities and vertical migration. It was concluded that vertical migration is a viable process which can significantly affect rehabilitation of a dredged disposal area. Under certain conditions, vertical migration should be considered, together with larval settling and immigration from outside impacted areas, as a mechanism of recruiting a dredgedump site. 相似文献
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为加强连云港市海域的海洋倾废管理和海洋生态环境保护,文章在该海域主要疏浚工程区的49个站位开展采样调查,并采用潜在生态风险指数法,评价表层疏浚物的重金属污染程度及其潜在生态风险。研究结果表明:连云港市海域疏浚物质量总体较好,重金属含量的变化范围和分布的区域差异较小,其中含量最高的为锌、最低的为汞;污染程度最大的重金属为镉,较小的重金属为铬;潜在生态风险指数由大到小的重金属依次为镉、汞、砷、铜、铅、铬和锌,除镉和汞(连云港港区)外,其余潜在生态风险等级为低;潜在生态风险指数由大到小的区域依次为连云港港区、徐圩航道、外航道内段、田湾核电站取水口和外航道外段,除连云港港区外,其余区域的潜在生态风险等级为低;应高度关注镉和汞等重金属的污染状况以及近岸区域的潜在生态风险。 相似文献
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Scoping the effective marine environmental assessment of dredging and ocean disposal of coastal sediments in Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The application of scoping is reviewed to improve the efficiency and rationality of the marine environmental impact assessment system applied to the dredging of coastal sediments and the oceanic disposal of dredged material in Korea. Both the impact levels and those items requiring assessment vary in response to differing goals of the coastal activities involved and also to changes in the characteristics of different marine environments. As a consequence, different assessment fields need to be emphasized for evaluation of the impact that both dredging and dumping might have on the sites involved. The status of current assessment procedures is examined and its problems are diagnosed. Following a survey of interested parties and a review of case studies of the oceanic disposal of dredged sediment in other countries, checklists of core assessment items are proposed as part of a revamped review process, along with improvements to the assessment system. 相似文献
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