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1.
饲料中添加还原型谷胱甘肽对牙鲆生长和抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以酪蛋白、明胶为主要蛋白源配制精制基础饲料,添加不同浓度梯度的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),饲料中GSH的含量分别为0、97.96、189.92、371.84、688.72和1 063.56 mg.kg-1,在流水式养殖系统中分别投喂初始体质量为(9.49±0.22)g的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼,8周后观测各组牙鲆的生长情况及机体的抗氧化状态。结果表明,饲料中添加外源的GSH对牙鲆成活率没有显著影响(P>0.05);牙鲆增重率(WGR)在饲料GSH含量为371.84 mg.kg-1时达到最大值,显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);饲料GSH添加组牙鲆肝脏中GSH的含量显著高于零添加组(P<0.05);各处理组肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)的含量没有显著差异(P>0.05);肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活力随饲料中GSH含量的升高呈现先降低后上升的趋势,并在饲料中GSH含量为371.84 mg.kg-1时达到最低值;肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活力没有受到饲料中GSH含量的显著影响(P>0.05);饲料中GSH含量为371.84 mg.kg-1时,肝脏中总抗氧化力(T-AOC)显著高于1 063.56 mg.kg-1组(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活力显著低于其它各组(P<0.05)。根据WGR的实验数据,利用折线模型得到牙鲆幼鱼饲料中GSH的适宜含量为368.92 mg.kg-1,过高或过低都会对生长造成负面影响,抑制机体抗氧化能力,增加机体氧化压力。 相似文献
2.
氨氮胁迫对刺参生理健康指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(2)
研究了氨氮胁迫对刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)免疫和抗氧化指标的影响,氨氮染毒梯度设置为:对照组(自然海水)、0.5、1.25mg/L处理组,取样时间为0、2、6、12、24和48h,分别取刺参体腔液和体壁组织,测定体腔液总体腔细胞数量、凝集活性、溶菌和抗菌活力以及体壁、体腔液总抗氧化活力(TAOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、还原型/氧化型谷胱甘肽含量比值(GSH/GSSG)。结果表明:氨氮胁迫对刺参免疫和抗氧化指标影响显著(P0.05),而对照组无明显变化。各处理组总体腔细胞数量、溶菌活力分别在48、12h内呈峰值变化,分别于12、6h达到最小值和最大值,然后恢复至对照组水平,各处理组抗菌活力、凝集活性随胁迫时间呈下降趋势,1.25mg/L染毒组抗菌活力在12h后明显低于对照组水平。各处理组体壁T-AOC、SOD活力和GSH含量、GSH/GSSG分别在48、12h内呈峰值变化,均于6h时达到最大值,分别于48h时和24h后显著低于或恢复至对照组水平;各处理组体腔液T-AOC、SOD活力和GSH含量实验时间内呈下降趋势,分别在6、12和6h后显著低于对照组水平,然后保持稳定,而GSH/GSSG与对照组无明显差异。由此可见,氨氮对刺参免疫和抗氧化指标具有明显的抑制效应,其中体壁、体腔液T-AOC、SOD活力和体腔液GSH含量表现出显著的时间-剂量效应,可作为刺参在氨氮胁迫下生理健康的评价指标。 相似文献
3.
采用为期40d的饲养试验, 探讨养殖密度(30尾·m-3、60尾·m-3和90尾·m-3)对初始平均体质量为(3.88±0.72)g的银鲳幼鱼生长、肝脏和肾脏中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的酶活力以及相应基因mRNA表达的影响。结果显示: 1) 60尾·m-3组银鲳幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率分别为(235.19±10.23)%和(4.03±0.10)%, 显著高于30尾·m-3组(p<0.05), 而与90尾·m-3组无显著性差异(p>0.05); 2) 90尾·m-3组银鲳幼鱼的酶活力变化最显著, 30尾·m-3组的变化幅度最小, 60尾·m-3组介于两者之间; 3) 肝脏和肾脏中LDH、ALT、AST酶活力均呈先升高后降低的趋势, 其中肝脏中LDH、ALT、AST酶活力高峰分别出现在6h、10d和10d, 是初始值的2倍、4.3倍和2倍, 肾脏中3种酶活力峰值则分别出现在1d、3d和5d, 是初始值的2.1倍、2.2倍和3.1倍; 4) AST、ALT、LDH等3种酶基因mRNA表达量变化规律与各自酶活力变化规律一致。综上所述, 养殖密度60尾·m-3时可促进银鲳幼鱼生长, 90尾·m-3高密度养殖会导致银鲳幼鱼额外能量的需求增加, 糖异生相关基因mRNA表达量上调使肝脏、肾脏中AST、ALT、LDH酶活力显著升高, 最终出现生长变慢的情况。 相似文献
4.
为了研究不同盐度对小黄鱼生理的影响,以人工养殖的4月龄小黄鱼(体质量为(12.6 ±3.1)g)为实验对象,将在自然海水(对照组盐度为22.1)中养殖的小黄鱼转入到盐度为5(低盐组)和34.5(高盐组)的海水中进行急性盐度胁迫处理10 d,测定并分析肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力以及鳃和肾脏中的Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的变化情况。结果显示,在急性盐度胁迫下,小黄鱼肝脏抗氧化酶(SOD和CAT)活力均上升,其中,低盐组的SOD和高盐组的CAT活力均显著高于对照组(p<0.05);在不同盐度条件下,AKP和ACP表现出相反的变化趋势,即AKP活力随着盐度上升不断增强,而ACP活力则逐渐降低;鳃中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力在低盐组最低,而肾脏中高盐组的活力显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。上述研究结果表明,小黄鱼幼鱼在盐度下降到5时仍可正常存活;不同盐度胁迫可导致小黄鱼肝脏中的非特异性免疫酶以及鳃和肾脏中的Na+/K+-ATP酶活性发生显著变化,表明小黄鱼在适应盐度变化过程中肝脏、鳃和肾脏均发挥着一定的调节作用。研究结果对小黄鱼在高盐或者咸淡水区域养殖提供了一定参考作用。 相似文献
5.
将海水鱼类黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus从盐度为26.6的海水直接转入淡水,考察渗透压的急剧降低对黑鲷的生长激素(growthhormone,GH)及其受体(growthhormonereceptor,GHR)等生理指标的影响。研究发现:(1)黑鲷从海水直接转入淡水后48h有33%的鱼死亡,对照组无死亡现象;(2)黑鲷在转入淡水48h内其血清生长激素(GH)含量、肝脏及鳃中GHR及GHRmRNA含量与对照组均无显著差异;(3)黑鲷在转入淡水48h后其肾脏中GHR含量较对照组显著升高(p<0.05),肾脏中GHRmRNA含量在24h及48h显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。结果表明,从GH含量看,黑鲷从海水环境到淡水低渗环境与鲑鳟鱼类从淡水到海水环境的适应性调节机制有差异,而黑鲷肾脏中GHR的含量变化可能参与黑鲷对外界环境渗透压的这种急剧降低的适应性调节。 相似文献
6.
建立丁胱亚磺酰亚胺(L-Buthionine Sulfoximine,BSO)排空小鼠肝组织谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)模型,研究噻唑烷酸(N-acetyl-glucosamine-thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid,GlcNAcCys)提高肝组织GSH含量,保护肝脏免受外源性毒物、药物损伤的可能机制。正常对照组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,BSO组及GlcNAcCys不同剂量组小鼠注射BSO(6mmol/kg体质量,i.p.)。2 h后,正常对照组和BSO组注射生理盐水,GlcNAcCys低、中、高剂量组分别注射不同剂量的GlcNAcCys(200、4009、00 mg/kg体质量)。6 h后,用Ellman’s法测定肝匀浆总巯基(Total Sulfhydryl,T-SH)含量;荧光分光光度法测定GSH含量;用试剂盒检测肝匀浆中谷胱甘肽还原酶(Glutathione Reductase,GR)和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase,GST)活性;RT-PCR法检测谷氨酰半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(Glutamyl-L-cysteine Ligase,GCL)基因表达。GlcNAcCys能够提高肝匀浆中T-SH和GSH含量,增强抗氧化酶GR、GST活性,RT-PCR结果显示,GlcNAcCys能够诱导GCL mRNA的表达。GlcNAcCys能够提高肝组织T-SH、GSH的含量,增强GST、GR酶活力,增强肝脏的解毒功能,保护肝脏免受毒性中间代谢物的损伤。GlcNAcCys提高肝组织T-SH、GSH含量的机制与其诱导GCLmRNA的表达有关。 相似文献
7.
研究高胆固醇食物鱿鱼对小鼠脂质代谢的影响.Balb/c小鼠按体重随机分为酪蛋白对照组、鱿鱼添加组6%、9%和12%(以蛋白质含量计)、猪肉添加组12%(以蛋白质含量计),喂食3周.分别检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-c)和肝脏TC,TG含量.称量小鼠体重,肝脏、肾脏重量以及精巢脂肪重量;观察小鼠进食量并计算食物功效比(FER).猪肉、鱿鱼添加组体重增加均较酪蛋白组明显,鱿鱼添加组肝脏重量较对照组显著增加,而猪肉添加组则显著降低(P<0.05).不同添加量的鱿鱼对小鼠血清TC水平均有显著降低作用,而猪肉则明显提升小鼠血清TC含量.鱿鱼添加组小鼠血清TG、HDL-c浓度及AI均较对照组有不同程度的降低.另一方面,鱿鱼各浓度添加组对小鼠肝脏TC及TG含量均有明显的增加作用.摄食鱿鱼与猪肉对小鼠血清和肝脏脂肪代谢的影响显著不同,进食鱿鱼有助于降低血清中胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量,摄食鱿鱼并不增加动脉粥样硬化的危险性. 相似文献
8.
急性热应激对大菱鲆血液生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨大菱鲆(Scophthalmusmaximus)大规格幼鱼热耐受性和热应激过程中敏感指标的变化,本研究设定18℃、21℃、24℃和27℃4个温度梯度,采用1℃/h的升温速率,对驯化温度为18±1℃的苗种进行96 h急性胁迫实验,统计各温度组96 h成活率和测定血浆部分生化指标的变化情况。结果表明,在pH 7.85、盐度29.5和溶解氧高于6.5 mg/L的环境条件下,平均体质量183.65±15.99 g的大菱鲆幼鱼96h高起始致死温度(UILT50)为28.05℃;温度和胁迫时间对血浆肾上腺素(EPI)、皮质醇(Cortisol)、血糖(GLU)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量/活性都存在显著影响,除GSH外,温度和胁迫时间存在显著的交互影响作用;热应激组血浆EPI含量随胁迫时间延长呈逐渐上升趋势,同一胁迫时间以21℃组含量最高;热应激组Cortisol含量的响应时间随温度升高相应提前、随胁迫时间呈先升后降的趋势,均在48 h达最高值; 24℃和27℃组GLU含量随胁迫时间呈先升后降趋势,胁迫3h～6h即达最高值,上升幅度与温度正相关,21℃组则呈逐渐升高的趋势;热应激组GSH含量和SOD活性仅在胁迫初期(0 h～3 h)与对照组存在显著差异;热应激组AKP活性处理12 h显著低于对照组, 48 h后则显著高于对照组,且升高幅度与温度呈正相关。 相似文献
9.
采用半静态染毒实验研究了菲和Cd2+单一及复合污染下胁迫9 d和清水释放2 d过程中毛蚶体内活性氧(ROS)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性的变化。结果表明,菲和Cd2+单独胁迫能诱导毛蚶体内ROS含量的增加及GSH含量、GST活性的降低,且随染毒浓度的增加,对各指标影响愈明显,存在剂量-效应关系。毛蚶体内GSH和GST的变化趋势具有一致性。菲和Cd2+复合污染对毛蚶体内的氧化胁迫效应整体大于二者单独污染。在清水释放阶段,单一及复合污染胁迫组各指标均能恢复至对照组水平。表明毛蚶体内抗氧化系统适合作为监测海洋多环芳烃和重金属复合污染的生物标志物。 相似文献
10.
本文研究了乌贼墨黑色素对铅中毒小鼠的排铅作用及对小鼠体内钙、锌和铜含量的影响。采用48只小鼠为实验对象,按体质量随机分为阴性对照组,醋酸铅模型对照组,乌贼墨黑色素低(50mg/kg)、中(100mg/kg)、高(200mg/kg)剂量组以及阳性对照组(1.5g/60 kg),除阴性对照组外其余各组均每天腹腔注射醋酸铅溶液(7mg/kg)10天。第11天起各剂量组用乌贼墨黑色素灌胃,阴性对照组及醋酸铅模型对照组灌胃去离子水,阳性对照组灌胃二巯基丁二酸(DMSA),连续进行28d。采用原子吸收分光光度法测定小鼠的血液、肝、肾及脑组织中的铅、钙、锌和铜的含量。研究发现乌贼墨黑色素高剂量组(200mg/kg)显著降低了血铅含量,下降28.15%;乌贼墨黑色素中剂量组(100mg/kg)显著降低了肝铅含量,下降15.89%。同时,乌贼墨黑色素高剂量组对铅中毒小鼠肝铜、肾锌以及脑锌的含量高于醋酸铅模型对照组(P0.05),而与阴性对照组相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。以上结果表明高剂量、中剂量乌贼墨黑色素对血铅与肝铅有一定的排铅作用,同时高剂量的乌贼墨黑色素对小鼠肝脏中的铜、肾脏中的锌以及脑中的锌有保护作用。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献