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采用第三代海浪模式和线性全流风暴潮模式计算封闭海域内风暴潮对风浪的影响，海浪模式中钫含水深变化及平均流变化引起的波浪绕射项，计算了不同风速和不同静水深情况下风暴潮引起的风浪波高的变化，计算结果表明：静水深为１０ｍ及风速为３０ｍ／ｓ，风暴潮引起的风浪波高的相对变化的最大值达３９％；而静水深超过４０ｍ时，即使风速为４０ｍ／ｓ，风暴潮引起的风浪波高的相对变化的最大值小５％。 相似文献
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湄洲湾峰尾围垦工程施工期间海水悬浮泥沙输移扩散的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
围填海工程施工过程导致海域悬浮物迅速增加,影响周围海洋生态系统,研究围填海工程悬浮泥沙的输移扩散规律对于区域生态环境质量及工程建设的综合生态影响评价具有重要的参考意义．针对湄洲湾峰尾围垦工程施工期悬浮泥沙可能造成的生态影响,对爆破挤淤（5．17t／s）和抛石挤淤（1．39kg／s）的悬沙源强进行了分析计算．在工程海区平面二维潮流场数学模型的基础上,采用二维对流扩散数学模型对施工范围内的模型网格点（40m×40m）进行了逐点计算,数值模拟结果表明,悬浮泥沙扩散范围和形态主要受潮流控制,工程施工联合影响下悬沙质量浓度大于10mg／dm3的全潮最大影响包络面积为5．848km2,施工9h后悬沙影响基本消失,为工程施工期环境管理提供了参考依据．施工悬浮泥沙的扩散整体表现为总悬沙质量浓度在离工程区较近的范围内较大,而距离越远质量浓度越接近自然状态的本底含沙量．施工悬浮泥沙对浮游生物、游泳生物和底栖生物等均会产生一定的影响,但随着施工结束而消失,不会对海洋生态产生长期的不利影响． 相似文献
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本文首先分析造成北部湾冬季强风的天气动力学机理，在此基础上以相关分析法确定强风的预报因子(气压梯度、气温梯度、高层风速等因子)与预报量之间存在着较好的相关性；进而采用人工神经网络与主分量分析(PCA)相结合的方法建立了北部湾冬季强风的预报模型．该预报方法所构造的预报模型对历史样本风速拟合平均绝对误差为1．80m/s，对独立样本风速试报的平均绝对误差为1．46m/s．计算结果表明，该方法的拟合效果及预报稳定性较好，可在预报业务中应用． 相似文献
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使用风浪经验公式和风浪传入近岸的小振幅波动理论计算并分析了地转条件下波生横向彻体切应力随风速、风区、水深等因素的变化规律。结果表明，彻体切应力随风速、风区的增大而增大，直到波浪达到完全成长状态，但增长速度并不规则；为更加直观的显示彻体切应力的海流驱动作用，将其与定常Ekman漂流中的风生湍粘性力进行了有意义的比较，结果表明，在中、高纬度的通常海况下两者具有相同量级，因此，在有波浪场存在的条件下，由风、浪共生海流的总体强度将比理论Ekman漂流大，并且不会完全符合Ekman漂流理论的转向规律，在表层尤其明显。由此说明，在一定情况下在风生漂流研究中考虑由地转引起的波生横向彻体切应力是非常必要的。 相似文献
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黄河口海域盐度变化受入海径流量、海洋动力条件及气候等影响,时空变化显著。河口区盐度场的变化不仅会影响营养盐、污染物的运输,还会改变入海泥沙的沉降及固结特性,进一步影响沉积物的抗侵蚀性。为研究不同盐度环境对沉积物抗侵蚀性的影响,选用黄河三角洲沉积物进行室内循环水槽试验,模拟不同盐度条件下沉积物发生侵蚀再悬浮的过程。研究得出在本研究区盐度0～36‰范围内,黄河口细颗粒沉积物临界切应力值存在明显差异,变化范围为0.055 6～0.080 6 Pa。固结程度相同,沉积物临界切应力随盐度的增加呈对数增长特征,在盐度小于9‰的条件下,黄河口细颗粒沉积物抗侵蚀性受盐度环境变化的影响尤为明显;固结程度不同,随着固结时间的推移,盐度环境的增加对沉积物临界切应力的促进作用减小。 相似文献
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春季华南沿海海-气边界层动力参数的观测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对珠江口海岸边近地面边界层的观测资料的研究,发现该海岸带春季大气层结呈中性或近中性状态,强稳定或者强不稳定天气过程较少;摩擦速度不仅和稳定度有关,而且随平均风速呈线性增加,地形引起的扰动对它的离散性影响较大;无因次风速方差满足相似规律并符合“1/3”次方定律,在中性或者近中性条件下,u,v,,w3个方向分量的相似函数为常数:3.06、2.56、1.33;湍流强度在风速达到4～6 m/s时最弱,且变化不明显,在自由对流状态(风速小于2m/s)时湍流发展最旺盛,风速大于6 m/s时随风速增大略有增加,水平分量比垂向分量的增幅明显;海面空气动力粗糙度在距离海面10 m高处风速为3.0 m/s时最小,其与风速成二次曲线关系;中性或近中性条件下拖曳系数平均值为1.180×10-3,与风速的关系在小于4 m/s和大于4 m/s时不同,且有不同的拟合关系式. 相似文献
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应用LISST-100现场激光粒度仪于2006年8月在北部湾首次进行了悬浮颗粒剖面测量，获得了整个垂直剖面的悬浮颗粒现场粒径分布、体积比和光衰减系数，并计算得到了垂直剖面的总浓度和各层的粒度参数及粒级组成。结果表明，悬浮颗粒自上而下均为双峰分布，只是表层的双峰位于5．57μm和34．4μm，中间层和底层的双峰位于34．4μm和129．4μm。悬浮颗粒体积比自上而下逐渐增大，到达底层时达到最大。光衰减系数的变化趋势与颗粒体积比非常相似，且二者存在很好的相关性，相关系数高达0．98。整个垂直剖面上，表层粒度较细，随着深度增加粒度逐渐变粗，到达底层时粒度最粗。悬浮体总体上正偏，峰态值较小，分选较差。粒度以砂为主，粉砂含量次之，不舍黏土。 相似文献
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海冰运动是影响北极海冰平流输运和物质平衡空间重新分布的重要因素。本研究基于2018年9月至2019年8月期间北冰洋66个冰基浮标位置记录数据，结合大气再分析数据，计算得到了海冰运动速度、冰速与风速的比值和海冰运动惯性强度，以刻画北极海冰运动学特征参数在一个冰季的时空变化，并讨论了不同区域冰速与风速比与海冰密集度的关联性。海冰漂移速度在波弗特–楚科奇海、东北极中央区和西北极中央区呈秋冬降低春夏升高的季节变化特征。格陵兰海月均海冰漂移速度（（0.32±0.06）m/s）最大，其次是弗拉姆海峡（（0.17±0.07）m/s）和波弗特–楚科奇海（（0.14±0.05）m/s），而东北极中央区（（0.09±0.02）m/s）和西北极中央区（（0.07±0.03）m/s）较低。在月尺度上，冰漂移速度与风速的比值主要受海冰漂移速度支配。弗拉姆海峡和格陵兰海受较强的表层海流影响，冰速与风速比值较大，西北极中央区、东北极中央区和波弗特–楚科奇海的冰速与风速比值随着海冰密集度的增加趋近，并分布在0～0.02之间。所有浮标的月平均惯性运动指数为0.158±0.144，秋冬季过渡期间，海冰对风的响应以及海冰运... 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献