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1.
山东半岛南部近岸海域富营养化状况的多元评价研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
于2006年至2007年分四个季度月对山东半岛南部近岸海域(35.5°~36.7°N,119.8°~121.3°E)的营养盐和叶绿素a进行了设站调查,分析了该海域上述因子时空分布特征,同时应用主成分分析(PCA)和潜在富营养化评价方法对该海域的富营养化状况进行了分析,初步确定了影响该海域富营养化状况的主要驱动因子。结果表明:(1)在时间分布上,总氮、总磷、活性磷酸盐、溶解态氮与总无机氮和活性硅酸盐的季节变化类似,均表现出秋冬季浓度较高而春夏季较低的趋势,而总磷、溶解态磷的浓度则在冬季最高,在夏秋季较低,叶绿素a浓度的季节变化趋势为春夏季较高,而冬季最低;该海域营养盐与叶绿素a浓度空间分布以胶州湾和丁字湾为中心,总体呈现出由近岸向离岸海域逐渐递减的趋势;(2)应用主成分分析对调查结果进行分析,结果显示10项调查指标(营养盐与叶绿素a)可以转换提取4个主成分,解释82.00%的结果。主成分综合得分可以作为富营养化程度的评价指标,据此得到调查海域富营养化状况的季节变化趋势由高到低依次为秋季、冬季、春季、夏季,总体呈现出以胶州湾和丁字湾为中心,沿岸及北部海域富营养化程度较高的格局;分析结果还表明总无机氮是该海区富营养化形成的主要驱动因子;(3)利用潜在富营养化评价方法对调查海域富营养化状况进行了初步分析,结果表明该海区仅于秋季表现为总体中度营养,在其他季节总体趋势均为贫营养,胶州湾与丁字湾附近海域在春秋季表现为磷限制潜在富营养化。主成分分析法较潜在富营养化评价方法更敏感,不仅能够定量表述海区富营养化状况,而且能够有效确定富营养化驱动因子。 相似文献
2.
中国近岸海域潜在性富营养化程度的评价 总被引：111，自引：6，他引：105
根据近岸海域的富营养化普遍受营养盐限制的特征，提出了潜在性经的概念，并在此 提出了一种新的富营养化分级标准及相应的评价模式，运用该模式分别评价了厦门海域及中国近海的富养化程度。结果表明，厦门东海域敞 于贫营养水平，而西海域则为磷限制潜在性营养水平；与厦门西海域相近，中国近海主要河口、海湾总体上处于磷限制或磷中等限制潜在性富营养水平。 相似文献
3.
象山港因其特殊的地理环境及功能特性, 富营养化问题突出, 以往以营养盐为指标的评价不能有效反映象山港的实际情况, 因此亟须对其富营养化水平开展客观、准确的评价和研究。文章利用2001年—2015年间象山港海域监测数据, 根据我国水体富营养化研究现状与评价标准, 结合象山港实际情况, 对部分指标进行改进, 构建了新的压力-状态-响应模型。应用该评价模型, 研究了象山港水体富营养化压力程度, 建立了以叶绿素a为初级症状指标, 以底层溶解氧和赤潮发生情况为次级症状指标的富营养化状态等级。同时, 结合象山港实施海域海岸带整治、五水共治、污染物总量控制及减排等因素预测了富营养化响应状况。结果显示, 在“优、良、中、差、劣”五个富营养化等级中, 象山港综合评价等级为中等富营养化程度。其中, 压力、状态、响应的评价等级均为中级。通过预测, 未来几年象山港富营养化综合评价等级也基本维持在中等水平。该评价结果较好地反映了象山港水体富营养化压力和症状水平, 其结论更符合实际, 有助于政府部门对海域富营养化进行科学和有针对性的管理。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(9)
为进一步丰富符合中国国情的多参数水质富营养化综合评价方法体系,本文在确立富营养化评价指标体系的基础上,通过对不同富营养化模糊判别方法的比较,从富营养化症状和近海生态系统的响应角度出发,确定并建立了"致害因素-效应"框架下的基于熵最大化原理的二级模糊评判方法。不同评价方法对中国典型河口——长江口及邻近海域富营养化程度的评价结果显示,基于熵最大化原理的二级模糊评价模型所得结果最符合以逼近理想解排序所得的合理营养等级,并且在对各种方法所得评价结果进行理想解的接近度以及广义距离排序时,基于熵最大化的二级评价模型均排在较前的位置,可知该模型的评价结果最接近研究海域水环境系统各指标的实际情况,具有一定的可行性。 相似文献
5.
厦门海域水体富营养化状况综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2003—2012年厦门海域监测数据为基础,参考美国第二代富营养化评价方法,针对厦门海域实际监测特点并结合我国水体富营养化研究现状与评价标准,进行部分改良,使其更适用于该海域水体的富营养化状况评价。应用此评价体系,本文研究了厦门海域水体富营养化压力程度;以叶绿素a为初级症状指标、以底层溶解氧及赤潮发生状况为次级症状指标分析了水体富营养化的状态水平;并通过结合厦门海域整治、人口增长趋势、经济发展趋势以及周边营养盐入海现状等因素预测了未来厦门海域水体富营养化压力变化趋势。结果表明,厦门海域水体综合评价等级为中等富营养化程度,其中压力等级为中高、状态和响应的评价等级均为中级。该评价结果较好地反映了厦门海域水体富营养化程度、压力和症状,便于海洋管理部门对厦门海域环境容量进行监控与管理。 相似文献
6.
本研究依据2020年4月（春季）和2020年10月（秋季）珠江口海域的调查数据，根据“压力-状态-响应”（PSR）模型对珠江口海域进行富营养化状况评价，并通过主成分分析以及相关性分析来说明各环境因子对珠江口富营养化的影响。结果表明：在“优、良、中、差、劣”5个富营养化等级中，珠江口PSR综合评价等级为“差”等级，近几年内变化趋于稳定。有机污染物与营养盐对珠江口富营养化的影响较大，其次为叶绿素a和溶解氧。珠江口营养盐与盐度呈显著负相关，与叶绿素a呈显著正相关。周边城市的陆源排放输入是导致珠江口富营养化的主要因素，河口稀释混合作用以及浮游植物对珠江口的富营养化程度有影响。 相似文献
7.
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(5)
为掌握辽东湾北部海域营养盐污染状况及富营养化水平,本文基于2014—2016年夏季现场调查资料,分析了该海域无机氮、活性磷酸盐、化学需氧量和叶绿素a的时空分布特征,并建立误差逆向传播算法(Back Propagation)的人工神经网络模型对该海域富营养化水平进行评价。结果表明:受2015年夏季辽宁省干旱和2016年夏季东北地区大规模降雨的影响,辽东湾北部海域营养盐、化学需氧量和叶绿素a浓度均呈现2014年较高,2015年降低,2016年又上升的趋势。调查海域营养盐结构在2014年和2015年主要表现为磷限制,2016年调查海域北部为磷限制,南部为氮限制。BP人工神经网络的评价结果表明,调查海域夏季富营养化水平呈现2014年较为严重,2015年降低,2016年又升高的"U"型特征。富营养化程度严重的区域主要出现在大辽河口、辽河口及其近岸海域。大辽河口富营养化程度在3年夏季均保持较高水平,其中2014年和2016年与辽河口富营养化水平相当,而2015年远高于辽东湾北部其他海域。BP人工神经网络在进行富营养化评价过程中,能够综合考虑各评价指标对海水富营养化的贡献率,避免对营养盐的过度依赖,同时减少评价过程中的主观误差,是一种更加客观合理的富营养化评价方法。 相似文献
8.
近岸生态环境质量综合评价方法及其应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在借鉴国外近岸海域生态环境质量综合评价方法的基础上,结合我国近海的生态环境特点和现有的海洋环境质量评价标准及资料状况,提出了一种适合我国近海特点的生态环境质量综合评价方法.该方法选取了生物学质量要素、水质要素、沉积物质量要素和生物体质量要素共4类评价指标,根据评价标准对各类指标进行赋分,最后集合4类评价指标得分,将近岸海域生态环境质量划分为"优、良、中、差、劣"共5个最终级别.将此方法应用于胶州湾海域,结果表明20世纪九十年代以来胶州湾生态环境质量基本维持在"良/中"级水平,且逐渐趋于好转.通过实际应用,证实了该方法具有一定的科学性和较好的可操作性. 相似文献
9.
10.
参考目前国际上被广泛应用的第2代富营养化评价方法体系,结合我国近岸海域生态环境特点和监测资料现状,建立了一种以压力-状态-响应模式为基本框架、以富营养化症状为主的第2代近岸海域富营养化评价体系。实际应用结果表明,应用本方法得出的长江口海域富营养化状况评价结论,与目前国外主流评价方法的评价结论一致,而且本方法具有评价指标代表性强、数据资料易得、评价标准有据、方法简便易行等优点。 相似文献
11.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
12.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
13.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
14.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
16.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献
17.
Andrzej Chybicki 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):1-23
Current trends of development of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) models rely on applying calibration techniques including analytical approaches, neuro-fuzzy systems, regression optimization and others. In most of the cases, the SDB models are calibrated and verified for test sites, that provide favorable conditions for the remote derivation of bathymetry such as high water clarity, homogenous bottom type, low amount of sediment in the water and other factors. In this paper, a novel 3-dimensional geographical weighted regression (3GWR) SDB technique is presented, it binds together methods already presented in other studies, the geographically weighted local regression (GWR) model, with depth dependent inverse optimization. The proposed SDB model was calibrated and verified on a relatively difficult test site of the South Baltic near-shore areas with the use of multispectral observations acquired by a recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite observation system. By conducted experiments, it was shown that the proposed SDB model is capable of obtaining satisfactory results of RMSE ranging from 0.88 to 1.23[m] depending on the observation and can derive bathymetry for depths up to 12m. It was also shown, that the proposed approach may be used operationally, for instance, in the continuous assessment of temporal bathymetry changes, for areas important in the context of ensuring local maritime safety. 相似文献
18.
N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):251-258
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
19.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
20.
An Improved Calibration of Satellite Altimetric Heights Using Tide Gauge Sea Levels with Adjustment for Land Motion 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gary T. Mitchum 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(3):145-166
Several major improvements to an existing method for calibrating satellite altimeters using tide gauge data are described. The calibration is in the sense of monitoring and correcting temporal drift in the altimetric time series, which is essential in efforts to use the altimetric data for especially demanding applications. Examples include the determination of the rate of change of global mean sea level and the study of the relatively subtle, but climatically important, decadal variations in basin scale sea levels. The improvements are to the method described by Mitchum (1998a), and the modifications are of two basic types. First, since the method depends on the cancellation of true ocean signals by differencing the altimetric data from the tide gauge sea level time series, improvements are made that produce a more complete removal of the ocean signals that comprise the noise for the altimetric drift estimation problem. Second, a major error source in the tide gauge data, namely land motion, is explicitly addressed and corrections are developed that incorporate space-based geodetic data (continuous GPS and DORIS measurements). The long-term solution, having such geodetic measurements available at all the tide gauges, is not yet a reality, so an interim solution is developed. The improved method is applied to the TOPEX altimetric data. The Side A data (August 1992?February 1999) are found to have a linear drift component of 0.55 + / 0.39 mm/yr, but there is also a significant quadratic component to the drift that is presently unexplained. The TOPEX Side B altimeter is estimated to be biased by 7.0 + / 0.7 mm relative to the Side A altimeter based on an analysis of the first 350 days of Side B data. 相似文献