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1.
基于 GIS 的富钴结壳资源量计算系统开发   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
富钴结壳资源量计算和资源评价是大洋富钴结壳矿区圈定工作的重要内容之一。阐述了基于GIS组件MO构建富钴结壳资源量计算系统的主要功能模块组成和设计思路。该系统利用VC采取面向对象的方法编程,设计开发了富钴结壳资源量计算评价程序,实现了地质块段法等多种计算方法。该系统吸纳了资源评价和矿区圈定中水深、丰度、品位和坡度等几个重要评价指标,可方便地实现钴结壳资源量计算,为大洋富钴结壳矿区圈定和矿产资源开发提供依据和参考。  相似文献   

2.
富钴结壳矿区申请需要解决的两个重要问题   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
讨论了我国富钴结壳矿区申请需要解决的两个重要问题:①资源量评价方法;②结壳调查测站的位置和水深.认为在资源量评价中,应采用“平均含矿覆盖率”与“见矿率”综合使用的方法,同时必须对所有准备申请的拖网、海底摄像/海底照相有效测站的位置和水深进行校正,对我国准备申请的富钴结壳调查海山的资源量进行重新计算.  相似文献   

3.
富钴结壳资源量评估方法   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
富钴结壳是一种重要的海底矿产资源,对其进行资源量评估有着十分重要的意义。主要探讨了当前富钴结壳资源量评估的几种主要方法,并对其进行了分析比较。  相似文献   

4.
选取申请区块内富钴结壳平均厚度、平均品位、矿区面积、平均坡度、平均水深和申请区块中的有效站位数等6个因素作为申请区块优劣性评判的指标,将申请区块的优劣性分为3级,建立了富钴结壳申请区块优劣性的模糊评判方法,并进行了实例研究。评判结果对于进行富钴结壳申请区块的优选提供基础。根据模糊评判结果与资源量大小排序两种区块保留结果中部分申请区块存在不一致,建议在后期对申请区块放弃工作时同时考虑模糊评判结果和资源量大小。研究结果可以为将来富钴结壳申请区块的放弃工作提供技术储备。  相似文献   

5.
富钴结壳资源评价和圈矿方法探讨   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
分析和讨论了我国现行富钴结壳资源评价所用的算术平均法在基础数据获取方面存在的问题,给出了相应的改进方案,并提出和引入了见矿率、成矿系数等新的评价参数,改进了现有方法的不足.围绕目前迫切需要解决的结壳圈矿工作中的界线问题,从调查方法、资料处理和界线确定等三方面进行了相应的理论探讨.这些工作将为当前我国富钴结壳申请矿区的选择、圈定以及资源评价提供技术支撑,也是后续矿区加密调查和钴结壳储量精细计算的重要依据.  相似文献   

6.
海山富钴结壳的圈矿方法   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
对海山富钴结壳的圈矿方法进行了分析和探讨,指出海山富钴结壳圈矿的主要方法和步骤为:(1)挑选富钴结壳发育良好的海山。除大片连续厚层板状分布的结壳发育良好的大型平顶海山是重点调查的目标海山外,规模较小的尖顶海山是近年来新的圈矿目标海山。(2)确定矿块的边界位置。对选定的海山进行深海摄像、电视抓斗、拖网和浅钻等多种手段的调查,通过所取得的综合结果对矿块边界进行判断,确定准确的矿块边界。(3)计算结壳的覆盖率。利用调查所获得的矿块相关的数据和信息对矿块内结壳厚度和结壳覆盖率以及矿区资源量进行评估。  相似文献   

7.
全球三大洋海山钴结壳资源量估算   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
钴结壳具有Co、Ni、Cu和Mn及其他金属的潜在矿产资源和储存在结壳层中古环境信息的双重意义。与深海多金属结核和热液硫化物矿床相比,具有较高Co、Ni和Pt含量的海山钴结壳有可能成为商业勘探的潜在目标。为合理地估算出全球三大洋海山钴结壳资源量,基于我国西太平洋海山钴结壳拖网采样调查资料和对太平洋海山钴结壳资源分布规律和钴结壳矿区圈定参数指标的深入研究,按海山不同高度、不同洋壳年龄赋予不同结壳厚度,进而计算出全球三大洋海山钴结壳分布面积为3 039 452.14km2和干结壳资源量为(1 081.166 1~2 162.332 2)×108 t。太平洋海山钴结壳分布面积为2 123 087.12km2和干结壳资源量为(513.244~1 026.488)×108 t,大西洋海山钴结壳分布面积为512 509.74km2和干结壳资源量为(116.503 2~233.006 4)×108 t,印度洋海山钴结壳分布面积为403 855.28km2和干结壳资源量为(81.484 9~162.969 8)×108 t。三大洋海山钴结壳的Mn、Co、Ni和Cu金属量分别为(138.848 0~277.696 0)×108 t,(3.967 6~7.935 2)×108 t、(2.793 6~5.587 2)×108 t和(0.825 1~1.650 2)×108 t。根据钴结壳的Co含量、Co通量和厚度相关分析,所赋予的钴结壳厚度占理论推测厚度的6.10%~12.20%,这与Ku等得出"钴结壳生长时间约占其整个生命史4%"的认识非常相近。三大洋海山钴结壳实测厚度与赋值厚度对比分析表明,太平洋海山钴结壳赋值厚度平均值为1.87cm,实测厚度平均值为1.77cm,相对误差为5.35%,大西洋和印度洋相对误差分别为18.18%和23.23%。研究数据表明按海山高度和洋壳年龄所赋的钴结壳厚度基本合理,估算出的钴结壳资源量基本可靠。本文首次估算出三大洋海山钴结壳资源量,为整个海盆和三大洋海山钴结壳资源量估算提供了新方法。  相似文献   

8.
在莱恩海山链MP2海山的一块富钴结壳样品新壳层中,发育有"褐红色碎屑物质",这种物质粒度细小,呈浸染状分布,以Fc-Mn壳层柱状结构间的填隙物的形式产出.基于对该海区结壳样品手标本和光片的观察,认为这种"褐红色碎屑物质"可作为新壳层的一个标志物.利用电子探针技术,对这块富钴结壳样品进行了分析,获得了该结壳新壳层中"褐红...  相似文献   

9.
在新一轮大洋“十五”研究项目的申请中 ,国家海洋局第二海洋研究所青年科技人员在众多竞争对手中脱颖而出 ,通过答辩和专家评审 ,共获准 7项 (含 3个重大项目 ) ,继续保持了海洋二所在大洋基础研究方面的优势。这 7个项目及其负责人是 :1 .“太平洋海山富钴结壳特征对比与资源远景评价”,负责人为初凤友 ;2 .“多金属结核合同区和邻域环境基线及其自然变化机理研究”,负责人为周怀阳 ;3 .“钴结壳资源量计算方法与圈矿方案研究”,负责人为张富元 ;4 .“富钴结壳厚度与覆盖率变化的识别标志研究”,负责人为包更生 ;5.“地幔柱与火山岩浆活动…  相似文献   

10.
对具典型三层构造的西太平洋海山群富钴结壳样品进行了钙质超微化石地层学研究,获取了富钴结壳从内层致密层、中间疏松层到外层较致密层的生长时代:CM1D03为晚古新世-早始新世、始新世中期、中中新世-更新世;CM3D06分为晚古新世-早始新世、中始新世-晚中新世、上新世-更新世。对富钴结壳壳层的甾烷系列分子(C27、C28、C29)进行了检测并计算了相对含量,结果表明,两块富钴结壳的甾烷分布构型在结壳生长时代上具有一致性:晚古新世-早始新世,呈反"L"型分布;中始新世呈C27优势的"V"型分布;中新世-更新世呈C29优势的"V"型分布。甾烷分布构型的变化与古海洋环境演化造成的海底甾烷输入波动有关,具有一定的时代特征钙质超微化石和分子化石地层学划分方法在富钴结壳层主要生长时代及生长间断的界定上具有一致性,可以用于富钴结壳的地层划分和对比。  相似文献   

11.
On the basis of three geological models and several orebody boundaries,a method of grid subdivision and integral has been proposed to calculate and evaluate the resources of cobalt-rich crusts on the seamounts in the central Pacific Ocean.The formulas of this method are deduced and the interface of program module is designed.The method is carried out in the software "Auto mapping system of submarine topography and geomorphology MBChart".This method and program will possibly become a potential tool to calculate the resources of seamounts and determine the target diggings for China's next Five-year Plan.  相似文献   

12.
Seamounts and knolls are ‘undersea mountains’, the former rising more than 1000 m from the seafloor. These features provide important habitats for aquatic predators, demersal deep-sea fish and benthic invertebrates. However most seamounts have not been surveyed and their numbers and locations are not well known. Previous efforts to locate and quantify seamounts have used relatively coarse bathymetry grids. Here we use global bathymetric data at 30 arc-sec resolution to identify seamounts and knolls. We identify 33,452 seamounts and 138,412 knolls, representing the largest global set of identified seamounts and knolls to date. We compare estimated seamount numbers, locations, and depths with validation sets of seamount data from New Zealand and Azores. This comparison indicates the method we apply finds 94% of seamounts, but may overestimate seamount numbers along ridges and in areas where faulting and seafloor spreading creates highly complex topography. The seamounts and knolls identified herein are significantly geographically biased towards areas surveyed with ship-based soundings. As only 6.5% of the ocean floor has been surveyed with soundings it is likely that new seamounts will be uncovered as surveying improves. Seamount habitats constitute approximately 4.7% of the ocean floor, whilst knolls cover 16.3%. Regional distribution of these features is examined, and we find a disproportionate number of productive knolls, with a summit depth of <1.5 km, located in the Southern Ocean. Less than 2% of seamounts are within marine protected areas and the majority of these are located within exclusive economic zones with few on the High Seas. The database of seamounts and knolls resulting from this study will be a useful resource for researchers and conservation planners.  相似文献   

13.
New Zealand seamounts support major fisheries for several deepwater fish species, including orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) and smooth oreo (Pseudocyttus maculatus). Although a high proportion of features in the depth range 500–1000 m have been fished, very little is known about the ecological impacts of bottom trawling on seamounts. The potential impact is likely to be influenced by the spatial extent and frequency of fishing. A new index is presented to assess the relative intensity of trawling on New Zealand seamounts. The fishing effects index (FEI) incorporates information on the density of fishing on the seamount as a proportion of the seabed area and also on tow direction. Detailed fisheries data from more than 250 000 tows were examined to calculate FEI for New Zealand seamounts. The most intensively fished seamounts were on the south Chatham Rise, an area characterised by a large number of relatively small features which were fished serially for orange roughy in the 1980s and 1990s. Other seamounts with high FEI were on the north Chatham Rise, Challenger Plateau, and off the east coast of the North Island. A range of sensitivity analyses indicated that the general rankings of seamounts were relatively robust to the choice of arbitrary thresholds used to assign tows to seamounts.  相似文献   

14.
大洋富钴结壳成因机制的探讨——水成因证据   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据对大洋富钴结壳的分层与年龄、分层与生长速率、生长间断等观测事实,以及大洋富钴结壳主量元素锰、铁元素及钴元素、铂元素、稀土元素、氦同位素、锇同位素等的水成富集,指出大洋富钴结壳是水成因的,进而指出富钴结壳的形成与基岩无关,水动力条件、最低含氧带、生物作用等可能对富钴结壳的形成有控制作用。同时,富钴结壳不一定只生长在岩石裸露的海山上,在沉积物覆盖的海山区也有可能找到富钴结壳。  相似文献   

15.
海山地形的多尺度特征研究,有助于理解海山形成与演化过程中的地貌过程,并为深入认识俯冲带地球动力过程提供新的线索。本文基于中国科学院海洋研究所“科学”号科考船近年来在雅浦-卡罗琳海区采集的高分辨率海底地形数据,利用统计学及频谱分析等方法,分析了研究区42座海山的形态及地形粗糙度特征,并对海山地形多尺度特征及其成因开展研究。结果表明,雅浦-卡罗琳海区不同构造环境下形成的海山群,在海山的形态参数和多尺度地形特征等方面存在显著差异。相比于索罗尔海槽,帕里西维拉海盆中的海山具有更大的宽高比与更小的平坦度。两区域内海山形态参数具有不同的线性相关关系,表明区域内海山存在不同的形态演化过程。对帕里西维拉海盆中海山地形的频谱分析显示,其大尺度特征信号不显著,意味着该区域内海山地形受小尺度地貌过程的影响更大。索罗尔海槽中海山的粗糙度与海山体积具有线性相关性,可能与不同海山形成过程的差异有关,较早形成的海山受到了更多构造活动及小尺度地貌过程的影响,进而形成了更加粗糙的表面特征。  相似文献   

16.
Eighteen deep-sea ferromanganese crusts (Fe-Mn crusts) from 10 seamounts in the northeast Atlantic were studied. Samples were recovered from water depths of ~1,200 to ~4,600 m from seamounts near Madeira, the Canary and Azores islands, and one sample from the western Mediterranean Sea.

The mineralogical and chemical compositions of the samples indicate that the crusts are typical continental margin, hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts. The Fe-Mn crusts exhibit a Co + Cu + Ni maximum of 0.96 wt%. Platinum-group element contents analyzed for five samples showed Pt contents from 153 to 512 ppb.

The resource potential of Fe-Mn crusts within and adjacent to the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is evaluated to be comparable to that of crusts in the central Pacific, indicating that these Atlantic deposits may be an important future resource.  相似文献   

17.
中太平洋海山演化史及与富钴结壳的关系   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
中太平洋海山区是海山富钴结壳广泛分布的一个重点地区,目前我国正在该区进行富钴结壳资源调查,了解该区海山形成演化史对研究富钴结壳的成因及其分布规律有重要意义。根据大量的文献资料,对该区海山演化史进行了综述,并对海山与其上生长的富钴结壳的关系进行了探讨。  相似文献   

18.
Seamounts are prominent features of the world's seafloor, and are the target of deep-sea commercial fisheries, and of interest for minerals exploitation. They can host vulnerable benthic communities, which can be rapidly and severely impacted by human activities. There have been recent calls to establish networks of marine protected areas on the High Seas, including seamounts. However, there is little biological information on the benthic communities on seamounts, and this has limited the ability of scientists to inform managers about seamounts that should be protected as part of a network. In this paper we present a seamount classification based on "biologically meaningful" physical variables for which global-scale data are available. The approach involves the use of a general biogeographic classification for the bathyal depth zone (near-surface to 3500 m), and then uses four key environmental variables (overlying export production, summit depth, oxygen levels, and seamount proximity) to group seamounts with similar characteristics. This procedure is done in a simple hierarchical manner, which results in 194 seamount classes throughout the worlds oceans. The method was compared against a multivariate approach, and ground-truthed against octocoral data for the North Atlantic. We believe it gives biologically realistic groupings, in a transparent process that can be used to either directly select, or aid selection of, seamounts to be protected.  相似文献   

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