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1.
红树植物红海榄叶化学组成研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对红树植物红海榄叶的基本化学成分水分,灰分,灰分中酸不溶物,灰分中S(SO42-),粗蛋白,粗脂肪等及氨基酸和微量元素的组成和含量进行了系统的分析测定。其基本化学组成各成分含量分别为:水分(69.18%),灰分(3.04%),灰分中酸不溶物(0.094%),灰分中S(SO42-)(0.052%),粗脂肪(7.75%),粗蛋白(7.14%);测得了红海榄叶中17种氨基酸,其总含量为10.7mg/g,其中人体必须氨基酸有7种,占所含氨基酸总量约26%;采用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱仪对红海榄叶进行了31种微量元素的分析测定,测得了其中18种元素的含量,红海榄叶中含有丰富的人体必须的矿物质元素。 相似文献
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Oceanology - The mean contents of elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, V, Co, Cd, Ni, As, Sc, Ga, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, W, Th, Mo) in the subcolloidal fraction of bottom sediments in the northern part of... 相似文献
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天津厚蟹对盐度和温度的耐受性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了天津厚蟹Helice tientsinensis对盐度和温度的耐受性。天津厚蟹对盐度的耐受能力极强,在温度9~34℃盐度为0的淡水介质中均能存活96h以上;在10℃、20℃及30℃的高渗介质中暴露96h后,天津厚蟹全部存活的盐度分别是65、56和50,全部死亡的盐度分别为83、74和68。天津厚蟹对低温的耐受力较强,在0、30和50盐度水平下,耐受低温的能力差别较大,能耐受96h的最低温度分别是9℃、2℃和6℃。天津厚蟹对高温也有较强的耐受能力,在0、30和50盐度水平下,分别在34℃、36℃和35℃下能耐受96h;盐度50温度38℃时,在开始的24h内无死亡,但48h后死亡率急剧上升,同样规律也出现在30和0溶液中,前者温度是39℃,后者为35℃。研究结果还表明盐度和温度的交互效应显著,二者的交互作用对天津厚蟹的存活亦有显著性影响(P0.05),温度升高(从10℃到20℃再到30℃)致使其耐盐能力显著下降,而盐度的剧烈变化(从30到50或从30到0)也致使其耐温能力显著下降。 相似文献
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南黄海NT2孔沉积地球化学及其物源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对苏北岸外南黄海陆架区NT2孔岩心进行了地球化学分析和物源判别。南黄海NT2孔化学成分分布表现出一定的分层性,常微量元素组成的垂向变化可自上而下分为5层,常微量元素的R-型聚类分析表明初步可分成5个聚类,R-型因子分析反映常微量元素主要受4个因子控制。研究发现南黄海NT2孔沉积物物源主要为长江和黄河,NT2孔上部0～5·50和5·50～19·40m沉积物以长江源为主,19·40～27m沉积物以黄河源为主,底部54·60m以下沉积物以长江源为主,其间夹近28m厚的沉积物则以长江源为主。结果表明黄河在中更新世中晚期已开始对南黄海陆架沉积作用有明显的影响,长江从晚更新世早期到现代一直对南黄海陆架起着主要作用。 相似文献
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厚壳贻贝对重金属的生物积累及释放规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用实验生态方法研究了厚壳贻贝对8种常见的重金属生物积累和释放情况，得出了厚壳贻贝对重金属的生物富集系数、生物半衰期及生物富集曲线．结果表明：到积累实验结束时，厚壳贻贝对Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg的生物富集系数分别是45．01、79．65、71．67、15．21、7．91、2．45和44．65．以积累实验结束时的生物富集系数为基准，厚壳贻贝对这几种重金属的富集能力为Zn〉Cd〉Pb〉Hg〉Ni〉Cr〉As．到释放实验结束时，厚壳贻贝对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg的生物半衰期分别是43．6、29．1、38．1、31．0、26．5、35．6、127．6、36．1d．以释放实验结束时的生物半衰期为基准，厚壳贻贝对这几种重金属的释放速度呈Cr〉Pb〉Cd〉Hg〉Ni〉Zn〉Cu〉As，而且厚壳贻贝是Hg、Pb、Zn和Cd的净积累者．因此，厚壳贻贝是比较理想的重金属Hg、Pb、Zn和Cd污染的指示生物． 相似文献
7.
Studies were carried out in the Ob River estuary and at the adjacent shelf of the Kara Sea. The concentrations of organic carbon, lipids, major elements (Na, Mg, P, S, K, and Ca), trace elements (Li, Be, B, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U), and rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) were determined in the dominant species of mesozooplankton (Senecella siberica, Limnocalanus macrurus, and Calanus spp.). The similarities and differences are shown for the chemical compositions of the specimens. Calanus spp. are characterized by a large Li accumulation with concentrations ~350 times higher than those in S. siberica and L. macrurus. The total accumulation of chemical elements per unit volume is higher in L. macrurus than in S. siberica and Calanus spp., amounting to 6.63, 0.69, and 0.41 mg, respectively. The intensity of biological accumulation and the spatial disposition of the area of maximum accumulation of elements in the zooplankton community within the boundaries of the Ob River estuary depend on the hydrophysical conditions. Postmortem variations in the concentrations of chemical elements in dead L. macrurus are characterized by a multidirectional nature. The revealed distinctions of the chemical compositions in live and dead L. macrurus represent the features of lifetime and postmortem concentrations of elements. 相似文献
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Shizuko Hirata 《Marine Chemistry》1985,16(1):23-46
Phosphorus and metals bound to organic matter were separated from coastal sediments of Harima Sound in Seto Inland Sea, Japan by extraction with NaOH and fractionated by Sephadex G-25 chromatography. Phosphorus and metals were determined in the eluates by a multi-channel, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. Phosphorus and Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co and Ti bound to organic matter with high molecular weights (OMHMW) (MW ? 5000) were found to be present in the sediments, but no Mo or V were found. The technique provides minimum estimates of the amounts of P and metals bound to organic matter. These organic complexes show surface enrichment in a sediment core (0–20 cm) and their contents decrease with depth. Also, the amounts of eighteen elements, namely: P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Si, Al, Ti, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, Na, K, Ca and Mg, in H2O, ammonium acetate at pH 7 and 5, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and hydrogen fluoric acid soluble fractions have been determined with a selective chemical leaching technique for the 210Pb-dated sediment core sample. Considerable amounts of P (6–19%) and Cu (5–21%) were associated with organic matter, in contrast to other metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Co and Ti which were associated with sulfide and silicate. 相似文献
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This paper presents the geochemical study of sediments along Ube, Suo-Oshima, and Kasado Bays in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. We examined the distribution and abundances of 13 elements (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Sr, Ca, Fe, Ti, P, Mn, and total S) in 40 coastal and river sediment samples, to evaluate the factors controlling their abundances, possible sources, and environmental implications. Average concentrations of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr at Ube were 12, 26, 86, 16, 43, and 92?mg/kg, 6, 25, 31, 8, 9, and 29?mg/kg at Kasado, and 5, 20, 28, 3, 5, and 18?mg/kg at Suo-Oshima, respectively. Average As, Pb, Zn, and Cr concentrations at Ube were comparable or enriched relative to those of the upper continental crust and Japan upper crust, whereas most major elements, Cu, and Ni were depleted at Kasado and Suo-Oshima. Enrichment factor values show low to moderate enrichment of Zn, Ni, and Cr, whereas As and Pb show significant contamination at some sites, suggesting contributions from anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic contributions of most metals mainly originate from natural processes; however, As and Pb ranges of 73–79 and 66–81?%, respectively, confirm their anthropogenic contribution. Factor analysis and correlation matrices suggest that elevated metal concentrations at Ube, especially in samples located in the river basin, may be controlled by Fe–Mn oxy-hydroxides. Deposition of metals at Kasado and Suo-Oshima might be controlled by non-ferrous metal (i.e., aluminosilicates), sediment grain size, or source rock composition (granite and gneiss). 相似文献
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鲈鱼群体生化遗传学研究 Ⅰ.同工酶的生化遗传分析 总被引：25，自引：6，他引：25
于1994年9月－1995年12月，在青岛近海采集37尾鲈鱼的生化样品，采用淀粉胶和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶2种电泳分析，分析了LDH、MDH、MEP、IDHP、PGM、G3PDH、AK、CK、ADH、SDH、G6PDH、GDH、PGDH、CAT、MPI、EST、SOD等同工酶在鲈鱼眼睛、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、鳃、胸鳍等7种组织或器官中的表达情况，并对同工酶表型进行了生化遗传分析，以期为其种质资源保护和开发，以及遗传育种等方面的研究提供基础资料。结果表明，17种同工酶由31个基因座位编码，其中Mep-1,Pgm-1,Sdh,Gdh,Pgdh,Mpi,Est-1,Est-4等8个基因座位为多态。多态座位比例为25．8％。 相似文献
11.
Dorrik A. V. Stow James R. Cochran ODP Leg Shipboard Scientific Party 《Geo-Marine Letters》1989,9(1):1-10
Three deep holes, with a maximum penetration of 960 m below sea floor, were drilled into the distal Bengal Fan just south of the equator during ODP Leg 116. The entire section recovered is dominated by sandy silt and mud turbidites derived from the Ganges Delta and from the continental margin of the western Bay of Bengal, interbedded with thin pelagic clays and with biogenic turbidites probably from a local sea mount source. The effects of Hi-Malayan uplift, sea level fluctuations, local tectonics, and fan channel/lobe processes have closely interacted to produce the observed sedimentary record of the past 17 million years since the early Miocene.Coauthors include: James R. Cochran, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (Co-chief scientist); Dorrik A. V. Stow, Nottingham University, England (Co-chief scientist); Christian A. Auroux, Texas A & M University, USA (ODP staff scientist); Kazou Amano, Ibaraki University, Japan; Peter S. Balson, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Notts, England; Jacques Boulegue, Pierre & Marie Curie University, Paris, France; Garrett W. Brass, University of Miami, Florida, USA; Jeffrey Corrigan, University of Texas, Austin, USA; Stefan Gartner, Texas A & M University, USA; Stuart A. Hall, University of Houston, Texas, USA; Silvia Iaccarino, University of Parma, Italy; Toshio Ishizuka, University of Tokyo, Japan; trena Kacmarska, Mount Allison University, New Brunswick, Canada; Heidemarie Kassens, Kiel University, West Germany; Gregory Leger, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Franca Proto Decima, University of Padova, Italy; C. V. Raman, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India; William W. Sager, Texas A & M University, USA; Kozo Takahashi, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA; Thomas Thompson, 580 Euclid Ave, Boulder, Colo, USA; Jean-Jacques Tiercelin, University of Bretagne, Brest, France; Mark Townsend, University of Nottingham, England; Andreas Wetzel, Tubingen University, West Germany; N. P. Wijayananda, National Aquatatic Resource Agency, Colombo, Sri Lanka; and Colin Williams, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. 相似文献
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Oceanology - The study reveals the distribution of contents of major (Si, Al, Fe, Mn) and trace elements (Ga, V, W, Th, Mo, U, Be, Y, Cd), Сorg, and clay minerals in the subcolloidal fraction... 相似文献
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Elemental mass-balance of material carried by major world rivers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
An estimate of average river particulate matter (RPM) composition was bàsed on analyses of more than 40 elements in the Amazon, Congo, Ganges, Magdalena, Mekong, Parana and Orinoco rivers, to which were added literature data for 13 other major world rivers, covering the whole spectrum of morphoclimatic features. Geographic variations of major elements in RPM are mostly linked to weathering types and to the balance between weathering rate and river transport. As a result of chemical erosion, Al, Fe and Ti are enriched in RPM with respect to the average parent rock, while Na, Ca, Mg and Sr are strongly depleted. These figures are directly related to the relative importance of dissolved and particulate transport in rivers; this has been computed for each of 40 elements. In order to study weathering on a global scale, the total observed elemental fluxes (dissolved + particulate) have been computed and compared to theoretical ones. The latter were derived from the elemental content in the average parent rock and the total quantity of weathered material, computed from the Al ratio in RPM and in parent rock. Observed and theoretical fluxes are balanced for the less mobilized elements (rare earths, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Mn, Rb, Si, Th, Ti, U and V) for which no enrichment relative to Al is noted in RPM, and for B, Ba, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Sr which are relatively depleted in RPM due to their high dissolved transport. Additional fluxes have been found for Br, Sb, Pb, Cu, Mo, Zn and are possible also for Ni and P. This is reflected by marked enrichments in RPM relative to Al for the poorly or moderately dissolved transports (Pb, Cu, Zn). Several hypotheses involving either the natural origin (volcanic dust, marine aerosols, geochemical fractionation) or the artificial origin (worldwide pollution) are discussed to explain these discrepancies, assuming river transport and weathering either to be in a steady state on a global scale or not. However, none of them can fully account for these additional fluxes. It is most likely that these excesses have multiple origins, anthropogenic or natural or both. The comparison between RPM and deep-sea clay compositions emphasizes the prime influence of river input on oceanic sedimentation of Si, Al, Fe, Ti, lanthanides, Sc, Rb, V, etc. A few elements such as Zn, Sb, occur in excess in RPM as compared to deep-sea clays; in order to balance this excess, a remobilization of these elements out of the sediment can be considered. Finally, the enrichment of Co, Cu, Mn and Ni in deep-sea clays compared to RPM is discussed and attributed to several sources and processes. 相似文献
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Cai Lin Yang Liu Ronggen Jiang Jinmin Chen Baohong Chen Weili Wang Kaiwen Zhou Hui Lin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(11):12-22
Resource exploitation in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) is of major research interest worldwide, but its influence on the environment is poorly understood, especially due to the lack of baseline values for metals in the surrounding sediment. This work aimed to establish the baseline values of 17 metals (Ba, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ag, As, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using normalization, the cumulative frequency curve method considering a total of 172 samples taken from 8 multitube cores and 1 box sediment core collected in the western CCZ during the COMRA-45 cruise campaign from August to September 2017. The baseline values of the evaluated metals were as follows: 1 932 mg/kg for Ba, 29 512 mg/kg for Ca, 18 150 mg/kg for K, 17 120 mg/kg for Mg, 6 747 mg/kg for Mn, 28 546 mg/kg for Na, 0.571 mg/kg for Ag, 5.00 mg/kg for As, 94.4 mg/kg for B, 0.626 mg/kg for Cd, 104 mg/kg for Co, 76.1 mg/kg for Cr, 370 mg/kg for Cu, 0.028 mg/kg for Hg, 190 mg/kg for Ni, 27.5 mg/kg for Pb and 156 mg/kg for Zn. Our findings would fill the baseline value gap in the study area and further improve accuracy of environmental impact assessments on the impact of resource exploitation. 相似文献
16.
P.M.Sivalingam 《海洋科学》1984,8(2):37-40
马来西亚有近2.4%的陆地面积(相当于650,000公顷)是红树林沼泽区。其中,110,000公顷在马来西亚半岛,174,000公顷在沙捞越,366,000公顷在马来西亚的沙巴。当前对于马来西亚红树林沼泽区的生态研究还寥寥无几(Sase Kumar,1970;Ong等人,1979)。对植物区系和动物区系的研究显然也是如此(Berry,1968,1972和1974;Lim, 相似文献
17.
A. I. Ryabinin S. A. Bobrova L. V. Saltykova E. A. Danilova 《Physical Oceanography》2012,21(5):320-328
We study the space-and-time variations of the delivery of fluxes of 26 elements (Na, K, Rb, Cs, Cu, Ag, Au, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn,
Cd, Hg, Hf, Ta, As, Sb, Cr, Se, Mo, W, Mn, Br, Fe, Co and Ni) with atmospheric precipitations to the sea surface in the regions
of Sevastopol and the South Coast of Crimea. It is established A series of general regularities of the delivery of the sum
of these elements and their soluble and insoluble forms. We also give the characteristics of their space-time variability. 相似文献
18.
对南海S08-57站柱样岩心的CaCO3、SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O、TiO2、P2O5、MnO、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Ba、Sr、Rb、V、Cr、La、Ce和Ta的含量变化进行了分析;根据CaCO3含量变化建立了碳酸钙地层时标,提出了南海碳酸钙地层学的SB4.0事件,进一步完善了南海标准碳酸钙地层学时标;讨论了沉积物地球化学特征及古海洋学意义。结果表明,S08-57柱样岩心的SB3.33m事件附近存在一次强碳酸盐沉积,Al2O3、TiO2、Nb、SiO2、K2O、Ta、La、Rb、Ce、MgO、Zn、TFe2O3、Na2O、V、Pb和Cr的沉积曲线与CaCO3近似呈镜像关系。 相似文献
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兴化湾表层海水和沉积物中重金属含量的时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据福建兴化湾2006年12月（冬季）和2007年4月（春季）表层海水以及2007年3月表层沉积物的监测资料,分析了该海域表层海水和沉积物中重金属Cu、Pb、zn、Cd、Hg和As含量的时空变化特征,评价了该海域重金属的污染程度．结果表明：冬季,调查海域表层海水中cu、Pb、zn、cd、Hg、As的含量范围分别为〈0．20～2．42、〈0．03～1．08、〈3．1～16．5、〈0．010—0．043、〈0．007～0．170、0．82～4．00肌g／dm’;春季其含量范围分别为0．91～3．80、0．18～3．40、8．7～36．0、〈0．Ol～0．22、〈0．007～0．063、0．63～1．58~g／dm’．这两季表层海水重金属的测值均低于《海水水质标准（GB3097—1997）》第二类标准值,其中春季cu、Pb、zn、cd含量的均值高于冬季,可能与陆源重金属污染物入海的影响有关．兴化湾表层沉积物中cu、Ph、zn、Cd、Hg和As的含量范围分别为7．60～22．oo、22．4～39．1、54．2～114．0、0．045～0．082、0．020～0．066、5．00～10．20mg／kg,均低于《海洋沉积物质量（GB18668_2002）》的第一类标准值．该湾表层海水和沉积物中重金属含量的平面分布特征呈近岸海域较高．此外,对其历年来监测结果的比较表明,兴化湾表层海水和沉积物中cu和Ph含量的多次监测值较接近,但重金属zn含量的监测值存在着波动现象． 相似文献