共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
采用周期性边界条件的密度泛函理论研究Zn(OH)2-4在针铁矿(010)晶面的吸附结构和稳定性,得到了Zn(OH)2-4吸附前后键长的变化规律.计算结果表明:当Zn(OH)2-4通过共用O原子在针铁矿表面发生吸附时,平均ZnbridgeO键长较自由Zn(OH)2-4的平均Zn-O键长有增长趋势,而平均Zn-O键长则有缩短趋势;Zn(OH)24在针铁矿(010)晶面进行化学吸附时,双角DC2吸附方式为优势吸附物种.各吸附构型的稳定性顺序为DC2＞SE1＞DC1＞SC1＞SC2. 相似文献
2.
实验结果表明,氧化物表面物种决定了氧化物体系电泳淌度。由于δ-MnO_2表面交换位置以R-O~θ为主,针铁矿在低pH时以R—OH为主,故铜(Ⅱ)使δ-MnO_2电泳淌度增大,而使针铁矿电泳淌度变得更负。由于组氨酸-针铁矿之间的阳离子交换,组氨酸使针铁矿或铜(Ⅱ)-针铁矿电泳淌度变得更负。而在δ-MnO_2表面组氨酸可脱羧成为组胺,组胺-δ-MnO_2之间的阳离子交换使δ-MnO_2或铜(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2电泳淌度增大。但甘氨酸脱羧产物甲胺对铜(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2电泳淌度无影响。电泳实验进一步证明δ-MnO_2能将氨基酸氧化为胺,而针铁矿则不能。 相似文献
3.
本文研究了表面活性剂对氢氧化镁吸附硼的影响,对不同类型的表面活性剂,不同的加入方式以及不同的加入量等进行了试验,并试验了在表面活性剂存在下,pH值对吸硼量的影响。阴离子表面活性剂——十二烷基硫酸钠的加入 可以减少Mg(OH)_2对硼的吸附;十二烷基硫酸钠加入的顺序对Mg(OH)_2吸硼没有影响,这表明Mg(OH)_2吸硼是可逆的;在十二烷基硫酸钠的存在下,最大吸硼量时的pH为10.3。 相似文献
4.
缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)微卫星标记的分离及近缘物种通用性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用磁珠富集和PCR筛选相结合的方法,得到12对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)的多态性微卫星引物。每个位点的观测等位基因数为2—15个,有效等位基因数为1.0339—8.8063个;观测杂合度(Ho)为0.0333—1.0000,平均观测杂合度为0.7525;期望杂合度(He)为0.0333—0.9020,平均期望杂合度为0.6866;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.0320—0.8680。所有位点中,有8个位点属于高度多态位点(PIC0.5),SC1-5和SC4-6属于低度多态位点(PIC0.25);经Bonferroni校正后,无显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡的位点;连锁不平衡检验结果表明,位点间不存在连锁不平衡现象。此外,分析了这些引物在近缘种长竹蛏(Solen strictus)、大竹蛏(Solen grandis)和小刀蛏(Cultellus attenuatus)的通用性情况,结果显示:长竹蛏中,位点SC1-4、SC2-8、SC3-1、SC3-14表现出了高度多态(PIC0.5);在大竹蛏中,位点SC3-4、SC3-7、SC4-6表现出了高度多态性(PIC0.5),SC2-9为低态位点(PIC0.25);在小刀蛏中,位点SC1-7、SC2-9、SC3-4、SC3-14表现出了高度多态性(PIC0.5),SC4-6为低态位点(PIC0.25)。 相似文献
5.
本文研究了海水中氨基酸对金属离子M(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2离子交换的影响。实验结果表明,在pH=1—8.5时,较高浓度(20.00ppm)谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸以及低浓度(0.20ppm)组氨酸对Cd(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2离子交换没有影响,而较高浓度(20.00ppm)组氨酸则有较大影响,其影响程度是Cu(Ⅱ)>Cd(Ⅱ)>Zn(Ⅱ),该序列与胺抑制影响因子F_A(ψ)序列相同。这进一步证明氨基酸在δ-MnO_2表面脱羧成胺,然后胺通过与M(Ⅱ)络合和表面吸附来抑制M(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2离子交换。加入氨基酸时的M(Ⅱ)-δ-MnO_2离子交换等温线仍为L-F-3型,且可用表面分级离子交换理论之等温式描述。 相似文献
6.
C18键合硅胶柱在线富集/FIA-FAAS系统测定海水中痕量重金属 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于8-羟基喹啉金属螯合物在C_(18)键合硅胶上的吸附原理,在海水样品中加入少量8-羟基喹啉溶液,建立在线C_(18)键合硅胶柱富集,甲醇洗脱,洗脱液直接进入火焰的流动注射-火焰原子吸收光谱系统(FIA-FAAS)测定海水中痕量Cu,Ni,Cd和Zn的方法。富集倍数达80,进样频率为每小时30次。对Cu Ni,Cd和Zn测定的特征浓度分别为0.30,0.26,0.12和0.07μg/L;检出限(2σ)分别为0.07,0.05,0.02和0.01μg/L;相对标准偏差分别为2.7,2.1,2.8和2.5％;回收率分别为102,98,96和102％。本法快速简便,污染少,灵敏度高。 相似文献
7.
用批量平衡实验法研究了腐殖酸(Humic acid,HA)在4种矿物蒙脱石、高岭石、针铁矿和水锰矿上的吸附。Freundlich和Langmuir模型都可以很好地描述吸附行为。矿物对腐殖酸的吸附能力顺序为:针铁矿水锰矿蒙脱石高岭石。增大盐度有利于促进吸附,但溶解有机质对吸附影响很小。腐殖酸在蒙脱石、高岭石和水锰矿3种矿物上的吸附随溶液pH值的升高而减少,而在针铁矿上的吸附只有当pH值高于7时才逐渐降低。腐殖酸在矿物表面上的作用机制最可能是疏水作用和氢键作用。 相似文献
8.
用密度泛函(DFT)B3LYP方法研究了Cd(Ⅱ)水合与水解产物的几何结构、电子结构及稳定性.结果表明,水合产物的稳定性均优于水解产物,其稳定性顺序为:Cd(OH)2-4相似文献
9.
海水氧化镁(烧结后亦称海水镁砂)具有纯度高、成份稳定,既可制得高质量产品,生产中又易于配料等优点,因而是炼钢炉碱性耐火材料的优良原料。 当用石灰乳以海水沉淀镁时,因Mg(OH)_2胶体带正电荷,海水中硼呈B(OH)_4-负离子,由于静电吸引,将硼一起吸附下来;若海水中硼全部被Mg(OH)_2胶体吸附,可使MgO中的硼含量达到0.7％(以B_2O_3计)。Byrne和Kestor指出,海水中B(OH)_4-负离子有部分与Na~+,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+)等形成络合物NaB(OH)_4,MgB(OH)_4~+,CaB(OH)~+,它们不带电荷或 相似文献
10.
本文研究了8种氨基酸与γ-MnOOH和针铁矿之间相互作用的交换率(％)-pH曲线,该曲线为双峰型。在一定pH条件下,一定形态的氨基酸与氧化物表面基团M—O~-,M—OH或M—O进行离子交换、质子转移等反应。这些反应与氨基酸形态pH分布特点和氧化物表面基团的酸碱两性相关,由此产生了双峰型pH曲线。对于γ-MnOOH体系,出现第一个峰值的pH_(max(1))值按以下次序增大:组氨酸<天冬氨酸<赖氨酸～谷氨酸～苏氨酸<丝氨酸<甘氨酸～丙氨酸。pH_(max(2))值的大小序列是:天冬氨酸<谷氨酸<组氨酸<赖氨酸<苏氨酸<丝氨酸<甘氨酸～丙氨酸。该pH_(max(1))和pH_(max(2))值序列与氨基酸形态pH分布中pH_a和PH_b(或pH_(sum(2)))值序列一致。氨基酸与针铁矿之间的离子交换作用不如与γ-MnOOH是因为,在实验pH范围内针铁矿表面以M—OH为主,而γ-MnOOH以M—O~-为主。 相似文献
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12.
Concentrations of P and of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) were determined in sediment cores from the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia. Two cores were extracted, each representing one of the two basins of the estuary. Sediments were dated by surplus210Pb, by137Cs and by changes in the Fe/S ratio. Increasing exports of P from the mainly agricultural catchments have resulted in more than a doubling of both total P and acid extractable inorganic P in sediments of the estuary. Accumulation of P in the estuary is less than expected for complete retention of inputs of P from the major tributaries. Historical data show that since 1950 average concentrations of dissolved inorganic P have approximately doubled in the Peel Inlet and increased by times seven in the Harvey Estuary. Increases in concentrations in surface sediments of acid extractable Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu are noticeable in the Peel Inlet, and of Zn and Cd in the Harvey Estuary. The greatest increase, relative to background, is shown by Zn. Concentrations of extractable Zn and Cd in surface sediments are similar to those estimated from average concentrations in the water column for equilibrium adsorption to organic matter in sediments. Extractable Pb is greater than estimated for equilibrium adsorption to sediments. Extractable Cu is of the order of what can be expected for equilibrium adsorption to sediments in the Peel Inlet, but is less than expected in the Harvey Estuary. 相似文献
13.
The effects of monochromatic (blue, yellow and red LED) and mixed wavelengths (fluorescent lamp) on the adsorption and absorption of Cu and Zn by Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Nitzschia sp., Skeletonema sp., and Chlorella vulgaris were investigated. In addition, we confirmed the potential of microalgae for phytoremediation of these heavy metals from contaminated marine sediment by using microcosm experiments that incorporated LEDs and semipermeable membrane (SPM) tube containing microalgae. Among the four microalgae, C. vulgaris grown under red LED exhibited the highest Cu and Zn removal with values of 17.5 × 10-15 g Cu/cell and 38.3 × 10-15 g Zn/cell, respectively. Thus, C. vulgaris could be a useful species for phytoremediation. In the microcosm experiments with SPM containing C. vulgaris, the highest Cu and Zn removal from sediment and interstitial water showed under red LED. Therefore, phytoremediation using LED and SPM tube containing microalgae could be utilized as an eco-friendly technique for remediating contaminated marine sediment. 相似文献
14.
均相沉淀法制备Ni(OH)_2和NiO纳米晶 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以ＮｉＳＯ４·６Ｈ２Ｏ 为主要原料、以ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２ 为沉淀剂,采用均相沉淀法合成了纳米级Ｎｉ（ＯＨ）２ 和ＮｉＯ粉末,用Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ） 、差热分析（ＤＴＡ） 等实验手段对样品的热稳定性、相转变温度、相结构和粒子形状等进行了表征。结果表明所合成的ＮｉＯ粉末的粒径约为６ｎｍ ,且基本成球形。 相似文献
15.
-The i. r. spectra of Na4 [UO2 (CO3)3], Na [UO2 (OH)3] and the surface species of uranium on HTO underthe condition of flowing natural seawater and concentrated seawater (NaCl-NaHCO3-U) were recorded, with the bands of urany! of surface species obtained and the finding that iigands of surface species besides HTO are mainly water and OH, and there are some CO32- groups under the condition of natural seawater. Some relations between the complex properties and the j. r. spectroscopic characters for uranyl complexes were studied, and the transferred change quantity of surface complex was calculated.Structure models for surface species of adsorption are herein presented and the mechanism for uranium adsorption is deduced. 相似文献
16.
In order to discuss the content distributions and fluxes of heavy metals in suspended matters during a tidal cycle in the turbidity maximum around the Changjiang(Yangtze) Estuary,the contents of heavy metals(Zn,Pb,Cd,Co and Ni) have been analyzed.During a tidal cycle,the average contents of heavy metals are in the order of ZnNiPbCo àCd.The average contents in ebb tide are generally higher than that in flood tide.However,at the inshore Sta.11,influenced by the contamination from the nearby waste treatment plant,the average contents of Zn and Ni in flood tide are higher than those in ebb tide and at the offshore Sta.10,the content of Cd in flood tide higher than that in ebb tide due to marine-derived materials.The five heavy metals,mainly terrigenous,are transported towards east-northeast,and settle down with suspended matters in the area between Sta.11 and Sta.10.Influenced by marine-derived materials,the flux value of Cd does not alter significantly with obviously changing in flux direction towards northwest.The source of heavy metals,the salinity of water and the concentration of suspended matters are the main factors controlling the content distributions of heavy metals during a tidal cycle.There is a positive correlation between the contents of heavy metals(Zn,Pb,Co and Ni) and the salinity of water,while the opposite correlation between the contents and the concentrations of suspended matters.Because of marine-derived materials,the content of Cd is not correlated with the concentration of suspended matters and the salinity of water. 相似文献
17.
Craig B. Kensler 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):143-155
Fecundity in Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne Edwards, 1851) has been studied by a detailed investigation of (a) the total weight of eggs carried by female specimens, (b) the average number of eggs per 1 g sample, and (c) the total number of eggs carried by females. In mid October 1966, 217 females “in berry” (that is, carrying external eggs) were examined and measured at Spirits Bay, New Zealand. The fecundity study is based on the results obtained from 21 selected specimens, with carapace lengths from 15.5 cm to 23.5 cm. A direct relation was found between the total weight of eggs carried and increase in carapace length. The total weight of eggs carried varied from about 51 g to 238 g for carapace lengths of 15.5 cm to 23.5 cm. No correlation was shown between the average number of eggs per 1 g sample and increase in carapace length. Considerable variation was noted in the number of eggs per 1 g sample, which ranged from a low count of 6,453 eggs to a high count of 8,341 eggs. The total number of eggs carried by female J. verreauxi was found to be related to an increase in carapace length. Furthermore, increase in fecundity per relative carapace length increase was noted to be greater in smaller specimens than in larger specimens. The total number of eggs carried ranged from about 385,000 for a carapace length of 15.5 cm to 1,940,000 for a carapace length of 23.5 cm. Fecundity, as measured by the total weight of eggs carried and the total number of eggs produced, was found to be much higher in J. verreauxi than in several Jasus species previously studied by other workers. 相似文献
18.
使用切向流超滤系统得到粒度较均匀的Fe(OH)3胶体,进而对Fe(OH)3胶体粒子与Cu2 的作用进行了研究,并将实验结果与南沙群岛海区表层水中铜与胶体物质结合状况的调查数据进行了比较分析,得到如下结果:(1)在海水介质中,铜在Fe(OH)3胶体上结合的百分率(pH>5)随pH的升高而下降,随着Fe(OH)3胶体浓度的减小而下降?(2)在天然海水介质中,使铜在Fe(OH)3胶体上结合的百分率在50%-70%的有机物浓度为1.0mg·L-1,有机物浓度的增大使铜与无机胶体结合的百分率有下降的趋势? 相似文献
19.
Rebouças do Amaral MC de Freitas Rebelo M Torres JP Pfeiffer WC 《Marine environmental research》2005,59(4):277-285
In order to study Zn and Cd accumulation and depuration, a set of oysters, Crassostrea rhizophorae, were transplanted to a metal contaminated coastal lagoon and another one was harvested there and transplanted to a non-polluted site. C. rhizophorae oysters and Perna perna mussels native from both sites were collected in order to monitor variability of metal concentration in resident populations. After three months exposure, oysters transplanted to the polluted site accumulated fourfold Zn (307-1319 microgg(-1)) without reaching the concentration level of resident oysters (9770 microgg(-1)). Cadmium concentrations had a slight but significant decrease during the same period (1.25-0.54 microgg(-1)). Oysters transplanted to the non-polluted site, showed threefold Zn depuration (6727-2404 microgg(-1)), while Cd had no significant variation (0.90-1.45 microgg(-1)). Results showed that transplanted oysters do not reach heavy metal concentrations in indigenous populations suggesting transplanted organisms would be better used to evaluate bioavailability instead of environmental concentrations. 相似文献