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1.
海南岛西南海底沙波活动及底床冲淤变化   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
为了研究沙波迁移对底床稳定性的影响,通过对比分析2004—2006年连续3年的多波束海底地貌扫描数据,得出研究区域海底沙波的波长为5.8~91.8 m,波高0.1~4.3 m,陡峭度0.013~0.12,对称指数0.32~6.52。沙波的移动速率最大48.8 m/a,移动方向在研究区域西部为SE向,中部呈往复迁移,东部为NW向;沙波不同部位的迁移速率不同,一般的沙波尾翼迁移速率较大;同一组沙波存在反向扭转迁移的现象,反向扭转迁移的轴线位于研究区域沙脊的脊线附近,这种反向迁移不仅与底层流作用有关,还与海底地形关系密切;西部海底底床处于侵蚀状态,局部最大侵蚀量可达1.3 m,东部处于堆积状态,最大堆积量达2.8 m。  相似文献   

2.
利用旁扫声呐、浅地层剖面、测深以及钻探等资料分析了海南岛乐东陆架区海底沙波的形态特征、底质及地层结构;分常态和台风作用两种环境条件。计算了沙波的移动速率.并与海南岛东方陆架区沙波特征进行了对比分析.研究表明:乐东陆架沙波以大型沙丘和小型沙波为主。其剖面都极不对称.沙丘多为新月形,波长多为50~100m,波高多为1~3m,对称系数在6~12之间;小型沙歧脊残多置直线型,波高多在0.1~0.5m之间.研究区沙波活动性较强,常态下迁移速率与东方沙波区西区相同,每年0.06~2m;在台风影响下,沙丘表面活动砂层的移动性增强,在活动砂体迁移的部位则可能出现冲蚀凹坑或沟槽;中小型沙波移动速率骤增,最大可达7~11m/h。  相似文献   

3.
海南岛西南海底沙波形态和活动性的空间差异分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用GeoSwath Plus和Seabat8101多波束测深系统于2007年10月和2009年9月对海南岛西南沙波区进行了高精度水深测量,利用所得数据对近岸区和远岸区两个水深相差较大区域的沙波几何形态和沙波迁移速率做了对比分析,探讨了沙波几何形态和活动性的空间差异及其控制因素。远岸研究区与近岸研究区沙波几何形态和沙波迁移速率体现在沙波规模及形态、陡坡倾角和倾向、沙波迁移速率和沙波迁移方向及偏转角度。远岸区域沙波为近于对称的直线型沙波,波高0.5~2.3 m,波长13.2~69.1 m,陡坡倾角4.3°~7.4°;近岸区域沙波为新月形沙波,波高3.1~6.5 m,波长41.5~216.6 m,沙波陡坡倾向南,陡坡倾角8.7°~12.9°。远岸研究区沙波向西北方向迁移,沙波迁移速率多为15.0~20.0 m/a,最大34.9 m/a;近岸区域沙波向南迁移,沙波迁移速率0~12.65 m/a。沙波的迁移速率主要受底流流速和沙波波高控制,在两者的综合作用下,近岸研究区沙波迁移速率小于远岸研究区沙波迁移速率。在频繁的热带气旋作用下,近岸研究区沙波迁移方向发生逆时针偏转。  相似文献   

4.
长江河口主槽地貌形态观测与分析   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
人类活动可以改变流域至河口的泥沙输运与沉积。尽管一些近期的研究已经调查了长江河口的形态演变,然而,流域和河口工程如何影响河口河床的形态演变仍然是不清楚的。该文利用2010年至2015年多波束测深系统和浅地层剖面仪等先进现场测量仪器的长江口主槽走航测量资料,并结合主槽表层沉积物资料,分析了近年来人为强干扰下的长江河口主槽底床微地貌形态,以理解近期人类活动对河口的影响。结果显示:近年来长江河口主槽底床上除了存在平床、沙波、冲沟和冲刷痕等常见微地貌形态外,还存在着疏浚痕和凹坑等人为微地貌形态。在流域和河口大型工程的共同影响下,近年来南北港中上段、横沙通道和南槽上段均受到不同程度的冲刷,其主槽底床上呈现出不同程度冲沟和冲刷痕等侵蚀性微地貌。而由于疏浚工程的影响,南港下段、圆圆沙航槽和北槽航道底床上出现了大范围的疏浚痕和凹坑。近年来包括南槽上段、北槽主槽中段和下段的局部区域和北港拦门沙河段局部区域在内的长江河口最大浑浊带的河床沉积物有粗化趋势。南北港中上段和横沙通道的大部分区域均发育了大量沙波微地貌;总体上,长江河口沙波的波高在0.12~3.12 m,波长在2.83~127.89 m,波高/波长在0.003~0.136,长江河口中上段的沙波尺度(波高的均值为0.91 m,波长的均值为20.08 m)大于密西西比河下游(波高的均值为0.87 m,波长的均值为17.62 m),且两区域沙波的几何形态差异性较小。  相似文献   

5.
海底沙波在全球广泛分布、成因复杂,但往往多种尺度的沙波叠加在一起形成复杂的沙波地貌体系,导致难以进行量化研究。针对该问题,本文提出一种实用的傅里叶分析方法,设计了巴特沃斯滤波器,将水深数据变换到频率域,进而将复杂沙波地貌分解成不同频率的单一类型沙波。并以台湾浅滩复杂的沙波地貌体系为例进行了分析研究,分解量化出3种空间尺度的沙波:巨型沙波(波长>100 m,波高>5 m)、中型沙波(波长5~100 m,波高0.4~5 m)和沙波纹(波长<5 m,波高<0.4 m)。本文提出的海底沙波地貌量化分析方法,有助于研究不同尺度海底沙波的成因与机理,对沙波区海洋工程的安全评估也具有实用价值。  相似文献   

6.
南海北部陆架陆坡沙波底形   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
南海北部珠江口—台湾岛南端一线以南、东沙岛以东海区的水深变化较大,地形起伏亦较大,海底水流动力较强,沙源丰富,发育大片海底沙波底形。按成因可分成A、B、C 3个海底沙波区:A区在珠江口外的内陆架上,水深80和200~250m,在陆架底流(潮、浪、洋流)作用下,海底沙波波高数十厘米至2~3m,属于两坡强烈不对称、现代仍然运动的正常沙波;B区在陆坡上部,水深200~600m,在斜坡间局部平台上发育大片波高数米至数十米、波长相应较短的特大型砂质沙波,一些专家认为是不同密度水层间的偶发性内波能通量强烈集中并突然释放而塑造的底形;C区在陆坡下部水深3 200~3 400m的数条海底峡谷交汇处,峡谷西和南侧有粉砂泥质沉积物波,波高数十米,波长数十千米,是深水细粒浊流形成的非正常沙波。陆架底流变化、沙波迁移、陆坡上部偶发性内波塑造的巨型沙波和陆坡下部的细粒浊流沉积物波均对油气勘探海底管线和平台的稳定性构成威胁。  相似文献   

7.
台风对北部湾南部海底地形地貌及海底管线的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用旁侧声纳和多波束在不同时间段内对琼西南近岸海域进行了探测,并对台风前后的旁侧声纳资料进行了对比和分析。研究表明,琼西南近岸海域主要存在沙脊区和沙波区两种地貌类型,其中,沙波波高在1~5.5m,波长3~60m,沙脊波高在6~20m,波长2~4km。在不同年份和台风期间,沙波和沙脊存在明显的活动性,对铺设于此的海底管线构成了严重的影响。台风对小沙波起夷平作用,对较大沙波、沙脊增高加宽,并且可以使海底出现冲刷沟槽和凹坑。  相似文献   

8.
基于1997年、2002年、2006年枯季长江河口南港床面形态的现场观测,分析沙波发育对水深的影响。结果表明:(1)枯季南港沙波一般分布于吴淞口至中段121°44.′5E细砂、粉砂质底床区间,呈逐年向下游扩大的趋势,发育尺度由西向东逐渐变小,河床沉积物粒度组成由上游至下游逐渐细化,分选性变差;(2)沙波波高一般为0.2~1.31m,平均为0.47m,波高沿程向下游递减,水深均处于15m的上段波高虽最大可达1.31m,但足以通行第四代集装箱船,而水深降至11.8m的中段,最大波高可达0.80m的沙波发育将直接影响第四代集装箱船的乘潮入港条件。  相似文献   

9.
利用2014–2017年在台湾海峡西部采集的多波束、单道地震剖面、沉积物粒度样品及海流监测资料,在厦门湾近岸陆架区识别出一系列海底沙波,并对沙波的形态特征、分布规律和沉积物组成特征进行分析,探讨水动力条件及其对沙波发育的影响。结果表明沙波发育区水深一般为10~60 m,地形较平缓开阔,坡度一般为0°~1°;平面上沙波区呈一系列NW-SE向条带状坡地,波脊呈线性或新月形,波脊轴线为SW-NE方向,沙波波长为120~800 m,波高2~12 m,沙波指数较大(>30)。地震剖面显示,波形形态主要分为三类:近对称性沙波、非对称性沙波及叠合沙波。近对称性沙纹的波高较大,沙波指数小;非对称性沙波的波长较长,沙波指数大;稳定沙波经后期水流“改造、激活”形成叠合沙波。砂含量较高,沉积物类型以砂、粉砂质砂及砂质粉砂为主,多为细砂—中砂。厦门湾口外的近岸陆架区水动力较强,流系复杂,总体受浙闽沿岸流、南海表层流和黑潮分支的影响。本区为不正规半日潮,流速为0.3~0.7 m/s,落潮流以S向为主,涨潮流向以NNE向为主,潮流作用对沙波的发育和改造起重要影响。  相似文献   

10.
利用Sea Bat 7125多波束测深系统,对长江河口南港河段进行了沙波的高分辨率观测研究。结果表明:南港河段沙波发育广泛。统计的沙波中,最小波高0.12m,最大波高达3.12m;最小波长为3.12m,最大波长为127.89m。其中,南港上段、南港中段主航道、南港下段沙波陡坡有向海倾斜的趋势,而南港中段主航道南侧沙波陡坡有向陆倾斜的趋势。  相似文献   

11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ~200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ~380 km from the coast at a depth of ~250 m above the sea level.  相似文献   

12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.  相似文献   

13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

14.
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

15.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.  相似文献   

16.
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

17.
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.  相似文献   

18.
The stages of the development of the basin of the Bransfield Strait   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years.  相似文献   

19.
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.  相似文献   

20.
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.  相似文献   

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